Is the Routine Removal of Titanium Plates and Screws Following Miniplate Osteosynthesis of Maxillofacial Bone Fractures Justified? A Fifteen-Year Experience in a Maxillofacial Centre, Saudi Arabia

Background Routine removal of titanium miniplates in the maxillofacial region is still controversial. This current study hopes to share our experience with the different reasons for maxillofacial plates and screws removal following miniplate osteosynthesis. Methods This was a retrospective study of plates and screws removal following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of maxillofacial fractures at King Khalid Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from 2005-2019. Information collected includes demographics, etiology and pattern of maxillofacial fractures, treatment modalities as well as reasons for plates and screws removal. Data was stored and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for windows Version 25 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results A total of 985 patients with maxillofacial bone fractures had ORIF during the study period out of which 149 had miniplates and screws removed, giving a prevalence rate of 15.1%. There were 141 (94.6%) males and 8 (5.4%) females, with a M:F of 17.6:1. Their ages ranged from 4-65 years with mean (SD) at 24.6 (12.2) years. The age group from 16-30 years had the most cases of plates removal with statistical significance ( P = .000). Young age (43 (28.8%)) constituted the majority of reasons responsible for plate removal. The angle of the mandible is the site with the largest number of plate removal with 34 (22.8%) cases followed by the parasymphyseal site with 21 (14.1%) cases. Conclusion With removal rate of 15.1%, this study concluded that there is no evidence to support routine removal of asymptomatic plates and screws in maxillofacial region.

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Is Mini-Plate Removal Necessary for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Patients? A Five-Year Case-Control Study

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v17i1.3967 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Fani ◽

Sahand Samieirad ◽

Zahra Shooshtari ◽

Maryam Jamali ◽

Elahe Tohidi

Keyword(s):

Removal Rate ◽

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Clinical Indication ◽

Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Rigid Fixation ◽

Plate Removal ◽

Common Causes ◽

And Gender ◽

Routine Removal ◽

Mini Plate

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the mini-plate and screw removal rate and reasons in maxillofacial surgery patients under previous semi-rigid fixation treatment in the past five years at the main trauma center of Mashhad. Materials and Methods: This was a census-based retrospective study. All the candidates who admitted to our department for maxillofacial plate removal due to symptomatic or infected mini-plates were included in this study. The patients’ age and gender, plate removal etiologies, and the time between plate insertion and removal were analyzed. Results: Mini-plates were inserted for 1026 patients. However, only 94 patients with a mean age of 29.4±11.1 years were candidates for plate removal. The plate removal rate was 9.16%. Infection and exposure were the most common causes of plate removal. The most prevalent removal site was the mandible (angle and body). The interval between mini-plate insertion and removal was an average of 12.9±5.6 months. It is noteworthy that the shortest lasting duration was when plate removal was secondary to pain (6.67 months) and infection (11.45 months). Conclusion: This research showed that the routine removal of plates does not appear to be generally indicated in healthy subjects unless there is an obvious and definitive clinical indication.

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Rational for Maxillofacial Fracture Plate Removal

10.53350/pjmhs211561431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1431-1433

Author(s):

S. Ali ◽

M. A. Khan ◽

S. Khan ◽

A. U. Rahim ◽

U. Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Fractures ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Invasive Procedures ◽

Facial Bone ◽

Related Complication ◽

Plate Removal ◽

Osteosynthesis Plate ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Fracture Osteosynthesis

Aim: To estimate indications and frequency of plate removal in patient treated for maxillofacial fractures. Method; In this retrospective study, records were reviewed from March 2015 to March 2018, over a period of 3 years. 139 Maxillofacial trauma patients treated with Open reduction and Internal Fixation with 202 plate, Result; In 139 patients, 202 plates were implanted for bone fractures. In total, 128(92%) were male and 11(8%) were female, 32(23.02%) had revisited with complaint and subsequently 47(23.26%) plates were removed. Mandible was commonest location where majority of the plates32(68.08%) were removed. Most common reason for plates removal was infection 20(42%). Minimum time for plate in situ was 3 months. Conclusion; the reason for plate removal is multifactorial. Establishing measures to minimize plate related complication and avoid patients from further invasive procedures. Keywords: Facial Bone Fracture, Osteosynthesis Plate, Plate Removal Trauma.

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Current Status of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399816999201012200841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽

Ahmad Dakeel Al Awad ◽

Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Adult Population ◽

Management Training ◽

Control Measures ◽

Current Status ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

The Government

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and the complications may be life-threatening; however, with proper treatment and control measures, it can be very well-managed. Self-management training and education of diabetes are critical in diabetes care and management. It is essential that patients with diabetes must have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the disease, risk factors, complications, and possible treatment modalities to attenuate the complications. Over the last few years, DM in Saudi Arabia has been rapidly growing at an alarming rate. It has affected around one-fifth of the adult population, and by 2030, the numbers are predicted to rise further and exceed more than double the present number. An estimated tenfold increase has been reported over the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, there has not been much research focusing on understanding the knowledge and awareness of DM in Saudi Arabia as compared to developed nations. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge and awareness level of DM among the population of Saudi Arabia through an extensive review of the currently available literature. The review findings could be of immense assistance to the government, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and researchers to develop evidence-based programs, policies, and guidelines towards increasing the knowledge and awareness about diabetes and its management, so that early detection and management can be ensured to control the escalating burden of diabetes, in Saudi Arabia.

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A Questionnaire-Based Survey to Assess the Level of Knowledge and Awareness about Drug–Food Interactions among General Public in Western Saudi Arabia

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy9020076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Syed Faisal Zaidi ◽

Rayan Mgarry ◽

Abdullah Alsanea ◽

Sakar Khalid Almutairi ◽

Yaser Alsinnari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Jeddah City ◽

Fundamental Information ◽

Inadequate Knowledge ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

Males And Females

Introduction: Various drug–food interactions exist that may hinder treatment and can sometimes be lethal. Our aim was to assess the level of public knowledge and awareness in Jeddah city, Western Saudi Arabia, about drug–food interactions, along with the effects of demographics on their knowledge. Methods: A survey questionnaire was administered in this cross-sectional study to participants spread across multiple locations in Jeddah, including in malls and public gatherings. Participants included both males and females. Sample size was calculated through Raosoft® software. Data analysis was executed using IBM Statistic SPSS and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 410 people participated in the study and only 92.68% (380) of responses were enrolled in the study; 7.32% (30) were not enrolled due to the exclusion criteria. Surprisingly, only six out of eighteen questions regarding drug–food interactions in the administered questionnaire were correctly answered by 380 participants. Data indicated that the participants had a poor to intermediate level of both knowledge and awareness with respect to drug–food interactions. Furthermore, participants showed moderate to strong awareness of the effects of alcohol and tea generally, and their interaction with medication. Conclusion: Participants in our study showed inadequate knowledge of basic and fundamental information about drug–food interactions, which highlights the dire need to increase awareness.

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Perception and Knowledge of Patients from Different Regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards Oral Hygiene and Oral Hygiene Aids

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9050592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 592

Author(s):

Shamoukh Alshahrani ◽

Abrar Alshuaibi ◽

Malak Alkhaldi ◽

Pradeep Koppolu

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Educational Program ◽

Response Rate ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Floss ◽

Survey Response Rate ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the perception and awareness of interdental aids in different regions of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted, in order to evaluate the perception and knowledge of patients towards oral hygiene products among the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In total, 812 out of 1124 participants responded and completed the survey (response rate 72.2%). The data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire in English and Arabic. All statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 20 software. p < 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. Results: A total of 812 participants responded, of which 486 participants (60%) declared using a toothpaste and toothbrush for cleaning their teeth. The cohort consisted of 274 (34%) females who brushed twice daily, while 96 (33%) males brushed their teeth once a day and 18% of the participants did not even brush once a day. The results indicated that 332 (64%) female participants and 174 (60%) male participants had perception and knowledge of the use of dental floss or any other device to clean between their teeth, while 174 (48.50%) male participants and 174 (49.10%) female participants cleaned their tongue with the same brush, rather than using a tongue scrubber or any other aids. Conclusion: The total awareness of interdental aids in Saudi Arabia is unsatisfactory, as demonstrated by the participants not being conscious or informed about the maintenance of their oral health. A majority of participants did not report adopting basic techniques, such as tongue brushing. This study reveals that no interdental aids were used by 16% of the participants. Thus, it is crucial to develop an effective educational program which emphasizes oral healthcare in this population.

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Quantification of tool chatter and metal removal rate using wavelet denoising and statistical approach

Noise & Vibration Worldwide ◽

10.1177/0957456518763159 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 62-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shailendra Kumar ◽

Bhagat Singh

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Depth Of Cut ◽

Machining Parameters ◽

Metal Removal Rate ◽

Chatter Index ◽

Tool Chatter

Tool chatter is an unavoidable phenomenon encountered in machining processes. Acquired raw chatter signals are contaminated with various types of ambient noises. Signal processing is an efficient technique to explore chatter as it eliminates unwanted background noise present in the raw signal. In this study, experimentally recorded raw chatter signals have been denoised using wavelet transform in order to eliminate the unwanted noise inclusions. Moreover, effect of machining parameters such as depth of cut ( d), feed rate ( f) and spindle speed ( N) on chatter severity and metal removal rate has been ascertained experimentally. Furthermore, in order to quantify the chatter severity, a new parameter called chatter index has been evaluated considering aforesaid denoised signals. A set of 15 experimental runs have been performed using Box–Behnken design of experiment. These experimental observations have been used to develop mathematical models for chatter index and metal removal rate considering response surface methodology. In order to check the statistical significance of control parameters, analysis of variance has been performed. Furthermore, more experiments are conducted and these results are compared with the theoretical ones in order to validate the developed response surface methodology model.

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Analysis of the lower jaw exoskeleton in finite element programs

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-24-88-92 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-92

Author(s):

D. Yu. D’yachenko ◽

A. A. Vorob’ev ◽

Iu. A. Makedonova ◽

О. N. Kurkina ◽

S. V. D’yachenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

External Fixation ◽

3D Model ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Maxillofacial Region ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Fixation Devices ◽

Bone Fragments ◽

External Fixation Device ◽

Medical University

A special place in the methods of surgical treatment of bone fractures is occupied by transosseous osteosynthesis using external fixation devices of various designs.Objective: to analyze the lower jaw exoskeleton in finite element programs.Materials and research methods. During the research, 36 human lower jaws were involved from the museum of the Department of Oper-ative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy of the Volgograd State Medical University. They were scanned in 3D. All obtained images were loaded into a virtual scene reconstruction program. Fractures of the lower jaws in the corner area were modeled, an apparatus for external fixation of the lower jaw exoskeleton was installed, and the chewing load on the lower jaw was simulated. The place of application of the force was an area on a small fragment of a repositioned 3D model of the mandibular bone corresponding to the place of attachment of the masseter muscle. The evaluation of virtual studies was carried out according to the results of the stress-strain states of the bones and apparatus, the schedule of displacements of objects and the results of the analysis of the safety factor.Research results and discussion. In the course of evaluating the virtual placement of the mini-fixator wires of the apparatus for external fixation of the lower jaw exoskeleton, it was revealed that the main load is applied to the mini-fixator wires on a large fragment and the bone in the area of the wires. For the possibility of precise positioning of the osteofixers of the external fixation device, a device for the safe installation of the spokes of the lower jaw exoskeleton was also developed.Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of computer mathematical analysis, it can be argued that the developed design of the apparatus for external fixation of the lower jaw exoskeleton works under conditions of the maxillofacial region, performs reposition and fixation of bone fragments of the lower jaw under conditions of chewing functioning of the restored fracture of the lower jaw.

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Patterns of maxillofacial fractures in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia: A 10-year retrospective case series

The Saudi Dental Journal ◽

10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.10.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 129-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mohammed Al-Bokhamseen ◽

Ra'ed Salma ◽

Mohammed Al-Bodbaij

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Case Series ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Retrospective Case Series ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures

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Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center

Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1088 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

A Sagayaraj ◽

Rijo M Jayaraju ◽

Mallika P Reddy ◽

KR Harshitha ◽

Priyanka Majety

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Road Traffic Crash ◽

Mandibular Fractures ◽

Traffic Crashes ◽

Large Variability ◽

Road Traffic Crashes ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Tertiary Center

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Road traffic crashes are reported to be the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures in developing countries. The large variability in reported incidence and etiology is due to a variety of contributing factors, including environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. The study aims at describing the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in road traffic crashes by clinical and radiological methods and to study the complications associated with these fractures. Materials and methods The study included 100 road traffic crash patients with maxillofacial injuries. Patients were evaluated for any maxillofacial fracture by clinical assessment and, radiologically, using plain radiographs and computed tomography scan. Results Midfacial skeleton was more prone to fractures. Isolated fractures of the maxilla was the commonest (58%) followed by nasal bone fractures (43%). Among the complex fractures, Le Fort type II was the commonest. Mandibular fractures were seen in 33% of the patients, parasymphysis being the commonest site. Majority of the patients had associated soft tissue injuries. The incidence of complications associated with maxillofacial fractures was 11%, malocclusion being the commonest. Conclusion Maxillofacial fractures are commoner in the mobile population in the most productive age group, more so in two wheeler riders causing significant morbidity and mortality. Midface region is more prone to fractures and is most of the time associated with complications. How to cite this article Jayaraju RM, Sagayaraj A, Reddy MP, Harshitha KR, Majety P. Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Road Traffic Crashes in an Indian Rural Tertiary Center. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2014;3(2):53-58.

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