Current Status of Knowledge and Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Ahmad Dakeel Al Awad ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and the complications may be life-threatening; however, with proper treatment and control measures, it can be very well-managed. Self-management training and education of diabetes are critical in diabetes care and management. It is essential that patients with diabetes must have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of the disease, risk factors, complications, and possible treatment modalities to attenuate the complications. Over the last few years, DM in Saudi Arabia has been rapidly growing at an alarming rate. It has affected around one-fifth of the adult population, and by 2030, the numbers are predicted to rise further and exceed more than double the present number. An estimated tenfold increase has been reported over the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, there has not been much research focusing on understanding the knowledge and awareness of DM in Saudi Arabia as compared to developed nations. This review aims to present an overview of the current knowledge and awareness level of DM among the population of Saudi Arabia through an extensive review of the currently available literature. The review findings could be of immense assistance to the government, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and researchers to develop evidence-based programs, policies, and guidelines towards increasing the knowledge and awareness about diabetes and its management, so that early detection and management can be ensured to control the escalating burden of diabetes, in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Microvascular complications among patients with diabetes: An emerging health problem in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham Alwin Robert ◽  
Mohamed Abdulaziz Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus, besides disrupting the carbohydrate metabolism process, also induces vascular disease and impacts nearly all the types and sizes of blood vessels. In fact, vascular complications cause majority of the morbidity, hospitalizations and mortality of patients with diabetes mellitus. Retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (microvascular complications) impact hundreds of millions of diabetics and normally target those having long-term or uncontrolled forms of the disease; however, these disorders can also exist at the time of diagnosis or in those yet to be diagnosed. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the biggest country in the Middle East that occupies around four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula supporting a population of more than 33.3 million people. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate in Saudi Arabia. Over 25% of the adult population is suffering and that figure is projected to more than double by 2030. In fact, diabetes mellitus has approximately registered a 10-fold upsurge in the past three decades in Saudi Arabia. However, the prevalence and risk factors of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients have not yet been clearly documented in Saudi Arabia. Hence, in this review, we aim to provide an overview of the microvascular complications among patients with diabetes in Saudi Arabia, utilizing data from the currently available published literature. This is an attempt to facilitate the government and healthcare systems aware of the enormous worth of prevention, early detection and appropriate management of such microvascular complications.

The Worrying Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: An Urgent Call to Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asirvatham A. Robert ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional

From last few years, the pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Saudi Arabia, is growing at a frightening rate. Overall, one-fourth of the adult population is affected by DM, which is further predicted to rise to more than double by the year 2030. The most alarming is possibly the escalation propensity of diabetes, in recent years, where a nearly ten-fold increase has been witnessed over the past thirty years in Saudi Arabia. However, the number of research arbitrations on the prevalence and incidence of DM is woefully inadequate, as compared to developed countries. Apart from this, most of the existing research data carried out in Saudi Arabia is cross-sectional, with small sample sizes, which most often involve only certain parts of the country. Consequently, the present scenario demands more multidimensional and multisectoral research to strengthen the evidence base and to accumulate greater knowledge as a basis for measures and programmes to confront diabetes and its complications. Thus, the present report makes an attempt to depict the current trend of diabetes as well as intends to put forward essential measures for controlling diabetes in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Examining and investigating the impact of demographic characteristics and chronic diseases on mortality of COVID-19: Retrospective study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257131
Author(s):  
Abbas Al Mutair ◽  
Alya Al Mutairi ◽  
Saad Alhumaid ◽  
Syed Maaz Abdullah ◽  
Abdul Rehman Zia Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background Epidemiological features characterization of COVID-19 is highly important for developing and implementing effective control measures. In Saudi Arabia mortality rate varies between 0.6% to 1.26%. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether demographic characteristics (age and gender) and non-communicable diseases (Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus) have a significant association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods Prior to data collection, an expedite approval was obtained from Institutional Review Board (IRB Log No: RC. RC20.09.10) in Al Habib Research Center at Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective design where we used descriptive and inferential analysis to analyse the data. Binary logistic regression was done to study the association between comorbidities and mortality of COVID-19. Results 43 (86%) of the male patients were non-survivors while 7 (14%) of the female patients were survivors. The odds of non-survivors among hypertensive patients are 3.56 times higher than those who are not having a history of Hypertension (HTN). The odds of non-survivors among diabetic patients are 5.17 times higher than those who are not having a history of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The odds of non-survivors are 2.77 times higher among those who have a history of HTN and DM as compared to those who did not have a history of HTN and DM. Conclusions Those patients that had a history of Hypertension and Diabetes had a higher probability of non-survival in contrast to those who did not have a history of Diabetes and hypertension. Further studies are required to study the association of comorbidities with COVID-19 and mortality.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity among Tabuk Citizens in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeneth Gutierrez ◽  
Aladeen Alloubani ◽  
Mohammad Mari ◽  
Mohammad Alzaatreh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background:Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is considered as the main cause of death worldwide. Identifying the links among CVDs risk factors can help decrease CVD-related deaths.Aim:To assess the prevalence of risk factors for CVD and their relationships among the Tabuk City population in Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional design was used; 432 participants in the Tabuk region were included in this study.Results:The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 5.6%, the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was 11.1% and obesity and overweight together were 69.9%. Mean Body Mass Index (BMI), HTN, and DM increased with age. There was a correlation between BMI with HTN (r=.200, p<.001), BMI and DM (r=.149, p<.001) and DM and HTN (r=.366, p<.001).Conclusion:Public awareness may help in reducing the prevalence of CVD.

scholarly journals Addressing the Burden of Non-communicable Diseases: Saudi Arabia’s Challenges in Achieving Vision 2030

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Fahad Albejaidi ◽  
Kesavan Sreekantan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose critical challenges in achieving Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. This paper provides an overview of NCDs in Saudi Arabia and identifies various critical issues and challenges in reducing the burden of NCDs. All relevant data for this paper was extracted from existing published literature in various database including Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect and PubMed. Google Scholar search engine was used to identify papers and reports on relevant literature published after the year 2000. NCDs account for about 73% of all deaths in Saudi Arabia. Deaths due to cardiovascular diseases account for 37% of all deaths, cancers 10%, diabetes mellitus 3% and other NCDs cause 20% of all deaths. Economic costs of NCDs likely to increase with the undesirable life style of youths and increasing share of old population. Further, the shortage of local health workforce, lack of primary health care focus and covid-19 pandemic are likely to affect the government efforts to prevent and control NCDs. Ministry of Health (MOH) needs to play a catalyst role in raising awareness of population through multi-sectoral linkages and policies to reduce the exposure to NCD risk factors. There is a need to review all relevant policy documents to ensure consistency of these policies with prevention and control measures of NCDs.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS- CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND RECENT ADVANCES: MINI REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Abhishek Sinha ◽  
Sundareswaran Loganathan ◽  
Krishnan S ◽  
Anindita Mahanta ◽  
Naveen P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Predominant Form ◽  
Current Scenario

Diabetes Mellitus is a very common disease prevalent all across the world including the Indian subcontinent. With over 69 million people with Type 2 DM, India has the second highest number of people living with diabetes mellitus worldwide. Considering the current scenario, understanding newer aspects of the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus is of prime signicance as it will help in development of better treatment modalities especially drug therapies and crucial lifestyle modications . The aim of this mini review is to discuss newer advances in our understanding of pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus beyond the available textbook information. As Type 2 DM is the predominant form of disease worldwide, we will be discussing its pathophysiology in this review. The complex facts regarding the pathophysiology of Type 2 DM have been presented in a simple manner to make it easier to read and comprehend

A periodical analysis of e-government maturity in Saudi Arabia

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ibrahim Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Online Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Governments of the developing countries must be ready to embrace the evolution of information technology. However, the growth in demand for online services and expectations for convenient access to government resources are placing governments under pressure to deliver outstanding e-services. Despite the successful attempts of the Saudi Government to deliver e-government services, the literature still needs to be advanced with evidence to demonstrate the current status of government websites. Additionally, the growth of e-government services should be periodically monitored and evaluated. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to revisit e-government websites previously surveyed (2006-2012). in Saudi Arabia and examine growth based on the five-stage maturity model. This study supports the approach with a review of the United Nations data and links this assessment with the five-stage maturity model. Findings The results revealed remarkable improvements in the maturity level of online services provided by the government websites of Saudi Arabia. Practical implications The relationship between e-government use and investment decisions appears to be bidirectional, as greater levels of investment seem to offer more opportunities for service improvement. Originality/value The outcomes are expected to assist executive authorities in understanding the current situation of e-government and plan appropriate strategic suggestions and development.

scholarly journals Current Status of Stem Cell Therapy for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Peyvandi ◽  
Biraja C. Dash ◽  
Sifon U. Ndon ◽  
Kyle Steven Gabrick ◽  
Athena Alipour Alipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Therapeutic Angiogenesis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Buerger’S Disease ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Buerger's Disease

Buerger's disease or Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) is a nonatherosclerotic segmental vascular disease which affects small and medium arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities. Based on pathological findings, TAO can be considered as a distinct form of vasculitis that is most prevalent in young male smokers. There is no definitive cure for this disease as therapeutic modalities are limited in number and efficacy. Surgical bypass has limited utility and 24% of patients will ultimately require amputation. Recently, studies have shown that therapeutic angiogenesis and immunomodulatory approaches through the delivery of cells to target tissues are potential options for ischemic lesion treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of TAO treatment and provide an overview of stem cell-based treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Incidence Rate of Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, Uncontrolled Diabetes, and Their Predictors in the Adult Population in Southeastern Iran: Findings From KERCADR Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
Maryam Farjami ◽  
Mojgan Sanjari ◽  
Raheleh Amirzadeh ◽  
Mitra Shadkam Farokhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Diabetes mellitus is among the most serious health challenges worldwide. We assessed the prevalence of pre-diabetes (pre-DM) and diabetes (DM), the effectiveness of diabetes management, the 5-year incidence rate, and associated variables in the adult population in southeastern Iran.Methods: In a random cluster household survey (2014–2018), 9,959 adult individuals aged 15–80 years were assessed for coronary artery disease risk factors, including diabetes mellitus in Kerman (KERCADRS, phase 2). Among these people, 2,820 persons had also participated in phase 1 of the study 5 years earlier (2009–2011). Univariable and multivariable survey logistic regression models were used to identify the potential predictors of diabetes and pre-diabetes.Results: The prevalence of pre-DM was 12% (males 13.2% vs. females 11.1%), steadily increasing from 7.1% in the 15–24 years group to 18.4% in the 55–64 years group. The prevalence of DM was 10.2% (male and female, 7.9 and 10.8%, respectively), of which 1.9% were undiagnosed. DM was diagnosed in 10.6% of educated and 15.1% of illiterate people. The prevalence of diagnosed DM was lower in smokers (5.2 vs. 8.7%) and dependent opium users (5.4 vs. 8.8%). The prevalence of uncontrolled DM (HbA1c &gt; 7%) was 48.8%, increasing with age. The frequency of uncontrolled DM among people without and with treatment was 32 and 55.9%, respectively. Illiterate people had worse uncontrolled DM (55.6 vs. 39.6%). The 5-year incidence rate (persons/100 person-years) was 1.5 for pre-DM and 1.2 for DM, respectively. The lowest and the highest incidence rate of DM belonged to the 15–34 years old group (0.5) and dependent opium users (2.4). The incidence rate was found to have a direct relationship with BMI and a reverse relationship with physical activity.Conclusion: Pre-DM and DM affected 22.2% of the population. One-third of patients with diabetes had undiagnosed DM, and in 55.9% of people with diagnosed DM, treatment had been ineffective. Appropriate health interventions are needed to reduce the prevalence and health consequences of diabetes in the region.

Diabetes Mellitus and Noncardiac Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease—Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Treatment Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Emir M. Muzurović ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is also a cause of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Addressing the atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) burden in DM should reduce premature death and improve quality of life. Diabetes mellitus–associated ASCVD can lead to complications in all vascular beds (carotids as well as coronary, lower extremity, and renal arteries). This narrative review considers the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of noncardiac atherosclerotic vascular disease (mainly in patients with DM). Based on current knowledge and the fact that modern DM treatment guidelines are based on CV outcome trials, it should be noted that patients with noncardiac CVD may not have the same benefits from certain drugs compared with patients who predominantly have cardiac complications. This leads to the conclusion that in the future, consideration should be given to conducting well-designed trials that will answer which pharmacological treatment modalities will be of greatest benefit to patients with noncardiac ASCVD.

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