scholarly journals Smell and Taste Impairment in a Nationwide Sample of US Adults With Chronic Rhinosinusitis Symptoms

OTO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2473974X2098675
Author(s):  
James H. Kim ◽  
Janet Choi ◽  
Sophie S. Jang ◽  
Bozena B. Wrobel ◽  
Elisabeth H. Ference
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Objective Testing ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Objectively Measured

Objective To estimate the prevalence of objectively confirmed olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in US adults reporting chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) symptoms in a nationally representative database. Study Design Cross-sectional epidemiologic analysis. Setting Data were analyzed from the smell and taste component of the 2013-2014 NHANES data set (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Methods Individuals reporting the presence of ≥2 cardinal CRS symptoms (nasal blockage, sinus pain, discolored mucus, and dysosmia) were identified as patients with a potential diagnosis of CRS. Associations were examined between the presence of CRS symptoms and both self-reported and objectively measured smell and taste. Results One-third (33%) of adults who have ≥2 CRS symptoms report subjective olfactory impairment, though only 18% of these adults have quantifiable olfactory dysfunction on objective testing. Of these adults, 27% report subjective taste impairment, but just 17% have quantifiable gustatory dysfunction on objective testing. The presence of ≥2 CRS symptoms was not significantly associated with objective olfactory or gustatory dysfunction, although the individual symptoms of subjective dysosmia and discolored mucus were associated with objectively confirmed olfactory dysfunction. Conclusion The prevalence of objective olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was higher among adults reporting the presence of ≥2 CRS symptoms, but the differences were not statistically significant. Specific sinonasal symptoms, including discolored mucus and subjective smell dysfunction, were significantly associated with objective smell impairment.

scholarly journals Urinary 2,5-dicholorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentrations and prevalent disease among adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R Rooney ◽  
Pamela L Lutsey ◽  
Parveen Bhatti ◽  
Anna Prizment
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveTo test cross-sectional associations between urinary concentrations of 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, lung disease, thyroid problems and liver conditions.MethodsLogistic regression was used to evaluate associations of urinary concentrations of 2,5-DCP and 2,4-DCP with prevalence of various medical conditions among 3617 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 2007–2008 and 2009–2010. ORs and 95% CIs for each disease were estimated. All regression models were adjusted for urinary creatinine.ResultsWe observed a monotonically increasing association between quartiles of 2,5-DCP and prevalence of CVD. After adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, participants with the highest versus lowest quartile of urinary 2,5-DCP had an OR=1.84 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.70) (p linear trend=0.006). The association was similar with further adjustment for established clinical CVD risk factors. Higher 2,5-DCP was also associated with prevalence of all cancers combined (ORQ4 vs Q1=1.50 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.26); p trend=0.05) and, in exploratory analyses, with gynaecological cancers (ORQ4 vs Q1=4.15 (95% CI 1.51 to 11.40; p trend=0.01)). No associations were detected between 2,5-DCP and lung diseases, thyroid problems or liver conditions, nor between 2,4-DCP and prevalent disease.ConclusionIn this nationally representative study, higher urinary 2,5-DCP concentrations were associated with greater prevalence of CVD and all cancers combined. Further examination may be warranted to assess whether chronic exposure to 2,5-DCP is associated with incidence of adverse health outcomes.

Unemployment in Ghana: a cross sectional analysis from demand and supply perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Baah-Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the causes of unemployment in Ghana from both labour demand and supply perspectives based on most recent cross sectional data set from one nationally representative household survey and a baseline survey for Millennium Development Support. Design/methodology/approach – A logit regression estimation technique is applied to two different household survey data sets of 2008 and 2013 to capture the effect of labour demand and supply on unemployment. Findings – Using education and age as capability variables to represent supply factors, unemployment is found to increase with education, and declines with age, confirming higher unemployment rate among the youth, than the old. The paper also observes strong influence of demand factors on unemployment based on relatively higher incidence of unemployment fulltime jobseekers relative to part-time jobseekers and seekers of formal or wage-employment and self-employment or SMEs compared with those seeking any job. Other factors such as the individual’s reservation wage, marital status, sex and poverty status as well as their rural-urban location are also found to cause unemployment in Ghana. Practical implications – Unemployment as a result of the inability of individuals to obtain a job of their choice in the midst of strong economic growth in Ghana suggests weak employment content of growth. In contrast, an increasing phenomenon of unemployment with education also reflects a problem of skill mismatch between skills churn out by education and training institutions and skills requirement by firms in the labour market. Originality/value – The originality of the paper and its contribution to existing literature largely emanate from the inclusion of demand factors in a cross sectional analysis of causes of unemployment.

scholarly journals Urinary Phenols and Parabens Metabolites with Cardiovascular Disease in United States Adult

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yin ◽  
Xu Zhu ◽  
Iokfai Cheang ◽  
Yufei Zhou ◽  
Shengen Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Attack ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Environmental health has begun to examine the effects of higher-order chemical combinations. The current literature lacks studies exploring associations between multiple organic chemicals mixture and cardiometabolic disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate associations between urinary phenol and paraben metabolites and total and individual CVD among a nationally representative sample of adults in the US. This cross-sectional study analyzed 7 urinary chemicals detected among the general population from the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, n = 10,428). Multivariate logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were applied to examine relationships between phenol and paraben metabolites, alone and combined, and total and individual CVD prevalence. WQS regression showed that phenol and paraben indices were independently correlated with total CVD (adjusted odds ratios [OR]: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.06–1.28; P = 0.002), angina (adjusted OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.07–1.59; P = 0.009), and heart attack (adjusted OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.12–1.51, P < 0.001). Urinary bisphenol A (URBPA, weight = 0.636) was the most heavily weighted component in the total CVD model. Compared with the lowest quartile, URBPA (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.20–1.91; P = 0.001) levels in the highest quartile were independently associated with increased total CVD. Restricted cubic spline regression demonstrated positive correlations and non-linear associations between URBPA and both total CVD (P for nonlinearity = 0.032) and individual CVD (heart attack; P for nonlinearity = 0.031). Our findings suggested that high combined levels of phenols and parabens are associated with an increased CVD risk, with the URBPA contributing the highest risk.

scholarly journals Consumption and expenditure on food prepared away from home among Mexican adults in 2006

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A Langellier
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective. To describe food expenditure and consumption of foods prepared away from home among Mexican adults. Materials and methods. Data were from 45 241 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006,a nationally-representative, cross-sectional survey of Mexican households. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between location of residence, educational attainment, socioeconomic status and the following: 1) expenditure on all food and at restaurants, and 2) frequency of consumption of comida corrida or restaurant food and street food. Results. Food expenditure and consumption of food prepared away from home were positively associated with socioeconomicstatus, educational attainment, and urban vs. rural residence (p<0.001 for all relationships in bivariate analyses). Conclusions. Consumption of food prepared outside home may be an important part of the diet among urban Mexican adults and those with high socioeconomic status and educational attainment.

Association between the use of electronic cigarettes and the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis: a nationwide cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
M.-S. Rha ◽  
H.-J. Cho ◽  
J.-H. Yoon ◽  
C.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Whether the use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) is associated with upper airway diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR), remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from the nationwide cross-sectional surveys: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013–2015), VII (2016–2018), and VIII (2019). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between EC use and CRS or AR. Results: Among a total of 38,413 participants, 6.4% were former EC users and 2.5% were current EC users. Former EC users and current EC showed a significantly increased OR for CRS or AR compared with never EC users. In the subgroup analysis, the “current CC (conventional cigarette)-current EC” and the “current CC-formal EC” group had a significantly higher OR for CRS or AR than the “current CC-never EC” group. In addition, former CC smokers who currently use ECs showed a significantly higher OR for AR than former CC smokers without EC use. Conclusions: EC use is significantly associated with a high prevalence of CRS and AR in the adult population. These results indicate that the use of ECs may increase the risk of upper airway disease.

Who commits? Who engages?

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordered Logit Model ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address two questions: who commits? And who engages? For example, does an individual’s likelihood of committing/engaging vary with his/her age; or with the level of his/her qualifications; or with his/her occupation? Of what consequences are the characteristics of the workplace at which the individual is employed? Design/methodology/approach The investigation uses the Skills and Employment Surveys Series Data set to construct the indicators of commitment and engagement. Using an ordered-logit model and an OLS model, these indicators are analysed to identify their covariates. Findings Who commits and who engages depends upon the indicator used to measure the attitude/behaviour in question. Changing these indicators sometimes means that an individual no longer commits/engages. Further, even for the same indicator of commitment/engagement, who commits/engages varies across individuals. Research limitations/implications The indicators of commitment and engagement examined are derived from the responses in a pre-existing data set which has its origins in survey instruments which had quite comprehensive terms of reference. Owning to the cross-sectional nature of this data set and the statistical methodology applied, the statistical results are correlations between some possible indicators of commitment and engagement and some variables which denote the personal characteristics of individuals and the characteristics of the organisations with which they are employed. Causation cannot be inferred from these correlations. Originality/value Commitment and engagement are central to many models of the management of human resources. However, the likelihood that an individual commits and/or engages differs across the workforce has rarely been examined. This paper addresses this research lacuna using a data set which is rich in detail about an individual’s personal characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of specificity of health expenditure questions in the measurement of out-of-pocket health expenditure: evidence from field experimental study in Ghana

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e042562
Author(s):  
Isaiah Awintuen Agorinya ◽  
Amanda Ross ◽  
Gabriela Flores ◽  
Tessa TanTorres Edejer ◽  
Maxwell Ayindenaba Dalaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Expenditures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundThe effect of number of health items on out-of-pockets (OOPs) has been identified as a source of bias in measuring OOPs. Evidence comes mostly from cross-sectional comparison of different survey instruments to collect data on OOPs. Very few studies have attempted to validate these questionnaires, or distinguish bias arising from the comprehensiveness of the OOPs list versus specificity of OOPs questions.ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate biases arising from the specificity of OOPs questions by comparing provider and household’s information.MethodsA generic questionnaire to collect data on household’s OOPs was developed following the nomenclature proposed in division 6 of the classification of household final consumption 2018. The four categories within such division are used to set the comprehensiveness of the OOPs list, the specificity within each category was tailored to the design of the nationally representative living standard survey in Ghana where a field experiment was conducted to test the validity of different versions. Households were randomised to 11, 44 or 56 health items. Using data from provider records as the gold standard, we compared the mean positive OOPs, and estimated the mean ratio and variability in the ratio of household expenditures to provider data for the individual households using the Bland-Altman method of assessing agreement.FindingsWe found evidence of a difference in the overall mean ratio in the specificity for OOPs in inpatient care and medications. Within each of these two categories, a more detailed disaggregation yielded lower OOPs estimates than less detailed ones. The level of agreement between household and provider OOPs also decreased with increasing specificity of health items.ConclusionOur findings suggest that, for inpatient care and medications, systematically decomposing OOPs categories into finer subclasses tend to produce lower OOPs estimates. Less detailed items produced more accurate and reliable OOPs estimates in the context of a rural setting.

scholarly journals The Study of Relationship between Breastfeeding and Metabolic Syndrome and its Components in Premenopausal Parous Women: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Minji Kim ◽  
Jusuk Lee ◽  
Taehong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
National Health ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose: Here we aimed to examine the association of breastfeeding (BF) with the metabolic syndrome (Mets) and its components among premenopausal parous Korean women.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 7,116 Korean women by using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, between 2010 and 2016. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for examining the association of BF with Mets and its components.Results: A total 7,116 women were selected for this study. Mets was present in 12.9% of the study participants. The prevalence of Mets in the BF group (12.38%) was lower than that of the non-BF group (14.69 %) (p<0.05). The prevalence of hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in the non-BF group compared to that of the BF group. For each of Mets components, the total cholestrol level and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the non-BF group, compared to those of the BF group (p<0.05). The BF group was associated with a decreased risk of Mets (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–0.99). and lower risks of hypo-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterolemia (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62–0.68), compared to those of the non-BF group.Conclusion: BF is an important factor in reducing the risks of Mets. These results provide fundamental evidence for the establishment of policies for promoting BF.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional associations of active transport, employment status and objectively measured physical activity: analyses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
J Aaron Hipp ◽  
Kellie R Imm ◽  
Rudolph Schutte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
National Health ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Objectively Measured

BackgroundTo investigate associations between active transport, employment status and objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in a representative sample of US adults.MethodsCross-sectional analyses of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 5180 adults (50.2 years old, 49.0% men) were classified by levels of active transportation and employment status. Outcome measure was weekly time spent in MVPA as recorded by the Actigraph accelerometer. Associations between active transport, employment status and objectively measured MVPA were examined using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, race and ethnicity, education level, marital status, smoking status, working hour duration (among the employed only) and self-reported leisure time physical activity.ResultsPatterns of active transport were similar between the employed (n=2897) and unemployed (n=2283), such that 76.0% employed and 77.5% unemployed engaged in no active transport. For employed adults, those engaging in high levels of active transport (≥90 min/week) had higher amount of MVPA than those who did not engage in active transport. This translated to 40.8 (95% CI 15.7 to 65.9) additional minutes MVPA per week in men and 57.9 (95% CI 32.1 to 83.7) additional minutes MVPA per week in women. Among the unemployed adults, higher levels of active transport were associated with more MVPA among men (44.8 min/week MVPA, 95% CI 9.2 to 80.5) only.ConclusionsFindings from the present study support interventions to promote active transport to increase population level physical activity. Additional strategies are likely required to promote physical activity among unemployed women.

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