scholarly journals Make love, not war?: Radical environmental activism’s reconfigurative potential and pitfalls

2020 ◽  
pp. 251484862090144
Author(s):  
Tema Milstein ◽  
Lynette McGaurr ◽  
Libby Lester
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
Environmental Organizations ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
News Values ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Radical Organizations

New radical environmental action movements are attracting large numbers of diverse actors who inevitably will take inspiration and learn from mistakes of those radical environmental organizations that precede them and continue today into middle age. The representational strategies of these established organizations are of specific interest as they enter a maturity phase that coincides with the planet experiencing an unprecedented anthropogenic moment of reckoning – a time when more broadly engaging and transformative activism is paramount to reconfiguring ecological, societal, and spatial orientations. We focus on Sea Shepherd, a global ocean protection organization founded in the same decade as many other formatively radical organizations, to examine its historic and current representations of its direct action stance; its multiple and at times conflicting positioning of cetaceans; its emphasis on celebrity and timely campaigns; and its longstanding military, war, and piracy framing – much of which has garnered attention based on appealing to news values of conventional media outlets. We illustrate ways direct action may be framed as in opposition to current extractive practices ( against framing) or as a collaborative means to thriving futures ( with framing) and consider ways activism frames might eschew violent clashes and celebrity long valued by conventional media outlets and speak more to today’s broader internet-savvy populations and to the reconfigurative potential of guardianship, interconnectedness, and nurturance.

Expanding the Scope of Justice

Ecopiety ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 206-240
Author(s):  
Sarah McFarland Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
Environmental Organizations ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Scope Of Justice

Chapter 7 is a tale of two environmental organizations that each deploy popular “short-form” media as tools to engage younger cohorts, moving them from environmental ideals into environmental action. While both organizations’ mediamaking challenges the consumer capitalist “myth of disposability,” they intervene in this myth with very different priorities and environmental urgencies in mind. The first organization’s orientation is largely biocentric and uses endangered species tattooing to extend the moral sphere of “who counts” to include vulnerable and threatened nonhuman populations. The second organization’s mission is squarely humanfocused, attending to environmental justice issues and the plight of poisoned minority communities that have been morally excluded from what is explored in the chapter as the “sphere of justice.”

Multiple, prolonged actions of neuroendocrine bag cells on neurons in Aplysia. II. Effects on beating pacemaker and silent neurons

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1185-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mayeri ◽  
P. Brownell ◽  
W. D. Branton
Keyword(s):  
Spike Activity ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bag Cells ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

1. A survey of identified cells of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia was undertaken to determine the extent of bag cell influence in the ganglion. Bursts of bag cell spike activity lasting 5--40 min were elicited by brief, 0.6- to 2 s local stimulation while recording simultaneously from bag cells and other ganglion cells with intracellular electrodes. 2. Slow inhibition occurs in giant cell R2, neurosecretory cells R3-R14, and ink-gland motoneurons, L14A, B, C. The cells remain hyperpolarized for from 15 to 60 min. 3. Transient excitation occurs in mechanoreceptor cells L1 and R1. The cells are strongly depolarized by a slow excitatory potential that lasts for about 10 min and produces spike activity for 3--7 min. 4. Prolonged excitation occurs in some cells of the LB and LC identified cell clusters. The cells are depolarized and spike activity is increased for 3 h or more. 5. A biphasic response occasionally occurs in the command interneuron L10. Inhibition of this cell lasts 10--15 min and is followed by excitation for several hours. Excitation is accompanied by facilitation of synaptic potentials for 40--60 min in cells innervated by L10; the facilitation apparently results from the increase in L10 firing rate. 6. The results indicate that the bag cells have multiple types of actions and affect large numbers of ganglion neurons. All effects have the slowly graded onsets and prolonged durations to be expected of hormonally mediated interactions. 7. Previous studies have indicated that in intact animals the bag cell burst discharge initates a stereotyped egg-laying behavioral pattern that persists for several hours (3, 27). The present data support the hypothesis that certain elements of egg-laying behavior and homeostasis are regulated by a direct action of the bag cells on the central nervous system.

Looking Toward 1932

1931 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-931
Author(s):  
William Starr Myers
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
National Life ◽  
State Of Affairs

It is an old axiom, replete with common sense, that there is no more uncertain field for prophecy than that of practical politics. This is especially true when any forecast must be made fourteen months ahead of time. All that the observer of contemporary American politics may do is to sum up, as far as possible, the existing state of affairs, and then make a series of guesses as to what may eventuate. This present article is written with these conditions in mind, and should be read in the same spirit.The present political situation would appear to be as follows. Normally, there are at least five million more Republicans than Democrats in the country. This is in large part due to the secession from the Democratic party in 1896 of large numbers of young men, just entering upon adult life or experiencing their first taste of business and finance, who were hostile to the late William J. Bryan and his “free silver” theories. These young men later were added to in large number by the strong, dominant, and attractive personality of Theodore Roosevelt, who typified to them the American spirit. Also the great, underlying influence of economic expansion, the financial and business domination of much of our national life, and the frank acceptance of these conditions by the Republican leaders of the first decade of this century strengthened and accelerated this movement in favor of the “Grand Old Party.” The young men of that time, now grown to middle age and national leadership in many walks of life, are the backbone of the financial support of the party today. And they have brought up their children to the same political allegiance.

Creating Tobacco Control Policy at the Local Level: Implementation of a Direct Action Organizing Approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. Blaine ◽  
Jean L. Forster ◽  
Deborah Hennrikus ◽  
Stephen O'Neil ◽  
Mark Wolfson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
City Council ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Training Activities

This article describes the community activation and policy change process in seven Minnesota communities involved in the Tobacco Policy Options for Prevention (TPOP) study. The study's intervention employed a direct action organizing model, which relies on mobilizing large numbers of people to alter decision making and leverage the power of elites. As part of the organizing process, TPOP organizers and teams made 1,319 personal contacts with community members, generated 309 media stories, and initiated 445 public events related to tobacco use. These actions resulted in the establishment of comprehensive tobacco ordinances in all seven communities. The authors discuss the goals, training, activities and political factors relevant to four phases of the TPOP intervention: information gathering and team recruitment, community awareness building and ordinance development, preparing for city council, and ordinance establishment and enforcement. Included are suggestions for practitioners interested in using policy change and community-based advocacy to resolve public health problems.

Cytoplasmic Granules in Lymphocytes from Rats Dosed with SK&F 14336-D

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
B. J. Payne ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Neurovisceral Lipidosis

Rats given SK&F 14336-D (9-[3-Dimethylamino propyl]-2-chloroacridane), a tranquilizing drug, developed an increased number of vacuolated lymphocytes as observed by light microscopy. Vacuoles in peripheral blood of rats and humans apparently are rare and are not usually reported in differential counts. Transforming agents such as phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen induce similar vacuoles in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes. These vacuoles have also been reported in some of the lipid-storage diseases of humans such as amaurotic familial idiocy, familial neurovisceral lipidosis, lipomucopolysaccharidosis and sphingomyelinosis. Electron microscopic studies of Tay-Sachs' disease and of chloroquine treated swine have demonstrated large numbers of “membranous cytoplasmic granules” in the cytoplasm of neurons, in addition to lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of characterizing the membranous inclusions and developing an experimental animal model which may be used for the study of lipid storage diseases.

Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

Analysis of the Anterior Secretory Cells of Onchidohs Muricata (Nudibranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Roy Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The long-necked secretory cells in Onchidoris muricata are distributed in the anterior sole of the foot. These cells are interspersed among ciliated columnar and conical cells as well as short-necked secretory gland cells. The long-necked cells contribute a significant amount of mucoid materials to the slime on which the nudibranch travels. The body of these cells is found in the subepidermal tissues. A long process extends across the basal lamina and in between cells of the epidermis to the surface of the foot. The secretory granules travel along the process and their contents are expelled by exocytosis at the foot surface.The contents of the cell body include the nucleus, some endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi body with large numbers of secretory vesicles (Fig. 1). The secretory vesicles are membrane bound and contain a fibrillar matrix. At high magnification the similarity of the contents in the Golgi saccules and the secretory vesicles becomes apparent (Fig. 2).

Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
L. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

Microanalysis of precipitates in a ferritic steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
J.M. Titchmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Made In

The advances in recent years in the microanalytical capabilities of conventional TEM's fitted with probe forming lenses allow much more detailed investigations to be made of the microstructures of complex alloys, such as ferritic steels, than have been possible previously. In particular, the identification of individual precipitate particles with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers in alloys containing high densities of several chemically and crystallographically different precipitate types is feasible. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was to establish a method which allowed individual particle identification to be made in a few seconds so that large numbers of particles could be examined in a few hours.A Philips EM400 microscope, fitted with the scanning transmission (STEM) objective lens pole-pieces and an EDAX energy dispersive X-ray analyser, was used at 120 kV with a thermal W hairpin filament. The precipitates examined were extracted using a standard C replica technique from specimens of a 2¼Cr-lMo ferritic steel in a quenched and tempered condition.

The blister of porphyria cutanea tarda: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic study

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Veronika Burmeister ◽  
R. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a disorder of porphyrin metabolism which occurs most often during middle age. The disease is characterized by excessive production of uroporphyrin which causes photosensitivity and skin eruptions on hands and arms, due to minor trauma and exposure to sunlight. The pathology of the blister is well known, being subepidermal with epidermodermal separation, it is not always absolutely clear, whether the basal lamina is attached to the epidermis or the dermis. The purpose of our investigation was to study the attachment of the basement membrane in the blister by comparing scanning with transmission electron microscopy.

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