Influence of raw material particle size on quality of pellets

In order to investigate the structural evolution of natural flake graphite with different particle sizes during the intercalation and exfoliation process, we used three natural graphites, 35, 50 and 80 mesh, as the raw material and investigated the characteristics of the three chemically prepared graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) of H2SO4 and the three corresponding residue GICs (RGICs). Expanded graphites (EGs) were prepared by rapidly heating the RGICs to 1000 °C in a muffle. The Results show that with decreasing the raw graphite particle size, the oxidizing reaction degree of GIC increases, but the intercalating reaction degree decreases. For RGICs, the relative ratio of RGIC phase in a sample decreases with decreasing the raw material particle size. In addition, decreasing the raw graphite particle size decreases the expanded volume of EG.

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Durability of Biomass Briquettes

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2003vol1.1999 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

A. Kaķītis ◽

I. Nulle

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Shear Stress ◽

Combustion Process ◽

International Standards ◽

National Standards ◽

Ultimate Shear Strength ◽

Material Particle ◽

Ultimate Shear Stress ◽

Cereal Straw

The main resources for biomass agro-ecotechnologies are cereal straw residues, energy crops and emergent vegetation from wetlands. The herbaceous biomass is a material of low density (20 – 60kg/m3) therefore new mobile equipment and technologies for biomass comminution and densification have to be worked out. To guarantee the quality of biomass briquettes in the handling and usage process, sufficient durability of briquettes should be provided. National Standards of biomass briquettes should be worked out in accordance with the requirements of International Standards. Dependence of Ultimate shear stress on wheat stalk material particle size in biomass briquettes was investigated. It was stated that ultimate shear stress increases for particle size in briquettes less than 0.5mm. Peat additive improves the density and ultimate shear strength of briquettes, but peat in combustion process increases the ash content. Therefore it is not necessary to add peat more than 50% in briquetting composition. Durability of reed stalk briquettes ~1.7 times exceeds durability of wheat stalk briquettes. Maximal values of ultimate shear stress (1,5 MPa) and density (1,2 g/cm3) for pure peat (100%) briquettes was obtained.

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Pembuatan Biodiesel dengan Cara Adsorpsi dan Transesterifikasi Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas

Jurnal Kimia VALENSI ◽

10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3107 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Lisa Adhani ◽

Isalmi Aziz ◽

Siti Nurbayti ◽

Christie Adi Octavia

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Acid Value ◽

Raw Material ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Adsorption Processes ◽

Oil Adsorption

Used cooking oil can be used as raw material for biodiesel, but the levels of free fatty acids (Free Fatty Acid, FFA) is quite high. It is necessary for pretreatment in the form of the adsorption process to reduce levels of FFA. This study aims to determine the optimal conditions of adsorption process and determine the quality of biodiesel produced from adsorption processes and transesterification. Natural zeolites are used as adsorbents activated beforehand using ammonium chloride, calcined and heated to obtain H-zeolite. Furthermore, the adsorption process optimization includes the time, the adsorbent concentration, temperature and particle size. The oil that is already in the adsorption catalyst is reacted with methanol and KOH to obtain biodiesel. The optimum adsorption conditions obtained at the time of 90 minutes, the concentration of H-zeolite 12%, temperature 90 ° C, and a particle size of 0.2 mm that can lower FFA levels from 3.2% to 1.1%. Biodiesel produced meets the quality requirements of SNI 04-7182-2006 with a water content of 0.02%, a density of 857.60 kg / m3, the acid value of 0.29 mg-KOH / g, iodine number 15.71, saponification 168 , 02 and cetane index of 75.62. Compounds contained in biodiesel are methyl 9-octadecanoic (49.45%), methyl heksadekanoat (20.79%), and methyl 9,12oktaekanoat 9.12 (18.87%). Keywords: Biodiesel, used cooking oil, adsorption, transesterification, H-zeolitDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3107

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Effect of Potassium Element Content and Crystal Form of Ammonium Tetramolybdate and Reduction Conditions on Properties of Molybdenum Powder

Science of Advanced Materials ◽

10.1166/sam.2020.3826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1323-1331

Author(s):

Yan-Fang Chen ◽

Jing-Pei Xie ◽

Dou-Qin Ma

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Mixed Crystal ◽

Great Influence ◽

Crystal Form ◽

Raw Material ◽

Element Content ◽

Molybdenum Powder ◽

High Potassium ◽

Hydrogen Flow

As the raw material for producing molybdenum products, the quality of molybdenum powder such as purity, microstructure, particle size and distribution, has great influence on the microstructure of molybdenum products, which will affect its performance. In this study, the effect of potassium element content and crystal form of ammonium tetramolybdate and reduction conditions on the properties of molybdenum powder was studied. The results show that under the same reduction conditions, the particle size of molybdenum powder obtained by the reduction of high potassium ammonium tetramebolybdate is larger than that obtained by the reduction of low potassium ammonium tetramebolybdate. The particle size distribution of molybdenum powder obtained by the reduction of ammonium tetramebolybdate with mixed crystal form (α-type and β-type) is wider, while that obtained by the reduction of ammonium tetramebolybdate with single crystal form (β-type) is narrower and the particle size is more uniform. The higher the reduction temperature is and the lower the hydrogen flow rate is, the larger the particle size of molybdenum powder will be. The agglomeration degree of molybdenum prepared by β-type ammonium tetramolybdate is lighter than that prepared by ammonium tetramolybdate with mixed crystal form (α-type and β-type), and its sieving rate is higher.

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Combustion Synthesis of β-SiAlON Using 3D Ball Milling

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1717 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 898 ◽

pp. 1717-1723 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xue Mei Yi ◽

Shota Suzuki ◽

Xiong Zhang Liu ◽

Ran Guo ◽

Tomohiro Akiyama

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Distribution ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Combustion Synthesis ◽

Ball Mill ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Particle Size Distributions ◽

Material Particle

Combustion synthesis (CS) of β-SiAlON was conducted using a 3D ball mill, with a focus on the effect of the 2D/3D ball mill premixing conditions on the CS raw material particle size as well as on the yield and grain shape of the final products. The results showed that the particle size distribution of the raw materials was significantly affected by the premixing conditions. Various particle sizes and particle size distributions could easily be obtained by using a 3D mill instead of a 2D mill due to the complex biaxial rotation movement of 3D milling. The particle size was more sensitive to the rotation ratio (vertical spin/horizontal spin, Vv/Vh) than the rotation rate when using 3D milling. Finally, β-SiAlON with less than 5 mass% unreacted Si was obtained using premix milling conditions of 135×200 [vertical spin (rpm) × horizontal spin (rpm)]. The grain shapes of the final products were clearly influenced by the particle size distribution of the raw mixtures.

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Effects of raw material particle size on the briquetting process of rice straw

Journal of the Energy Institute ◽

10.1016/j.joei.2016.09.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 153-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Kai Wu ◽

Yu Sun

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Particle

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PEMBUATAN BRIKET DARI KULIT KAKAO MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT KULIT UBI KAYU

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v6i3.1585 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Rosta Natalia Sinaga ◽

Rosdanelli Hasibuan

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Temperature Variation ◽

Compaction Pressure ◽

Strength Test ◽

Raw Material ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Carbonization Process

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation carbonization, carbonization time and adhesive variation to charcoal characteristics of cocoa skin using cassava skin adhesive. Briquette is usually made using binder. Binder can embed charcoal each other to form strong and compact briquettes. Some other variables beside binder that influence the quality of briquettes include raw material, compacting presseure and carbonization process. This research used cocoa leather as raw material with cassava skin leaves as binder. All variables affect the content of fixed carbon of the briquettes that influence the caloricvalue of the briquettes. The caloricvalue is the most important factor for determining the quality of the briquettes. In this research, the highest caloricvalue of the briquettes was 4.375 cal/g. It was achieved when cocoa leather were carbonized by method 1 with compaction pressure of 85 kg/cm2 and binderconcentration of 15% where as raw material with particle size of 100 mesh. The caloricvalue of the briquettes was still very low and did not meet the qualification of Indonesian standard for briquettes. Based on the strength test, cassava skin leaves couldn’t be used as briquette’s binder. The produced briquettes that used cassava skin leaves as binder had soft structure and easily destroyed.

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