Occurrence of palygorskite in Tertiary sediments of western Egypt

Clay Minerals ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shadfan ◽  
A.A. Hussen ◽  
F. Alaily
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Argillaceous Material ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
North Western

The presence of palygorskite in soils and sediments of the Middle East countries has been widely reported: in Syria (Muir, 1951), Israel (Yaalon, 1955; Barshad et al., 1956; Ravikovitch et al., 1960; Singer, 1971; Singer & Amiel, 1974; Yaalon & Wieder, 1976), Iraq (Al-Rawi et al., 1967; Eswaran & Barzanji, 1974), Lebanon (Lamouroux et al., 1973), Jordan (Wiersma, 1970; Shadfan, 1983; Shadfan & Dixon, 1984; Shadfan et al., 1985) and Saudi Arabia (Aba Husayn & Sayegh, 1977; Elprince et al., 1979; Mashhady et al., 1980; Viani et al., 1983; Lee et al., 1983; Mackenzie et al., 1984; Shadfan & Mashhady, 1985). In Egypt, Elgabaly (1962) indicated the predominance of palygorskite in some of the soils in the western desert and proposed that the mineral had formed from calcareous argillaceous material in a saline lagoon. Hassouba & Shaw (1980) found palygorskite to be a major component of the clay fraction in caliche crusts in the coastal plain of north-western Egypt and considered that the palygorskite had formed authigenically in that environment.

scholarly journals Understanding Heart Failure Burden in Middle East Countries: Economic Impact in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W AlHabeeb ◽  
K Akhras ◽  
K AlGhalayini ◽  
H Al-Mudaiheem ◽  
B Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Middle East Countries

The nomenclature of storms in Arabic

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-269
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Thawabteh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
News Agency ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
English Culture ◽  
Full Adaptation

Abstract This article deals with the naming of ecology-related objects in Arabic, as illustrated in the naming of the snowstorms “Storm Huda”, “Storm Jana” and “Storm Zina” which whipped through the Middle East countries on January 6 and February 19, 2015 respectively. The article analyses a corpus of headlines taken from four online newspapers and one news agency, examines the strong connotative values of the snowstorm names, and discusses their relations to translation. The findings of the study show a consensus amongst journalists and meteorologists in Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia to avoid Arabicisation and opt instead for a full adaptation of foreign storm names in line with the poetics of the receiving culture, one seemingly infused with several echoes from Arab-Islamic culture and particularly the Qur’an. The meticulous care in their choice of words is fully compatible with the perceived target language (TL) audience belonging to Arab-Islamic culture, one with little affinity to English culture.

scholarly journals Saudi Arabian Government Crisis Management and Prevention Strategies: has it Been Effective to Curb the Presence of Radical Groups in the Social Media?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazeed Alyousef ◽  
Hasmah Zanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Young People ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Government Crisis Management

The role of media over the expansion of the terrorism increased since the beginning of twenty-first century. With the appearance of internet technologies and other applications including social media platforms, the terrorist raised dramatically. Over the last few years the young people of Middle East countries became victims of active presence of the ISIS and other radical groups. The representatives of terrorist organizations started promotion campaigns over these platforms with the purpose to attract more people to the promotion of their strategic goals. With that, the government of Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries lack resources in order to limit presence of these formations in social media. This research aims to consider the effects of the use of social media by young people of Saudi Arabia over the achievement of strategic goals and priorities in reference to the living of young people and examined the Saudi Arabian government crisis management and prevention strategies effectiveness. Throughout the research, the effectiveness of separate management practices will be considered in order to prevent occurrence of damages to the life and health of young people in Saudi Arabia with improvement of the national security. The paper aims to prove that state bodies should develop and enforce relevant management practices so that to benefit to the improvement of the security of the country.  

scholarly journals The Legal Status of Christians in the Middle East

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Пименов
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
International Level ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
Western European

На сегодняшний день тема гонений на христиан, к сожалению, по-прежнему не теряет своей актуальности. Несмотря на то, что на международном уровне существует достаточно сильная правовая база, которая предусматривает защиту свободу мысли, совести и религии, христиане в тех или иных регионах мира подвергаются тем или иным притеснениям. Если в странах Западной Европы дискриминация христиан осуществляется косвенным путем - с использованием некоторых политических средств, как например «толерантность», то в странах Ближнего Востока по-прежнему существует угроза их физического уничтожения.В данной статье рассмотрены и проанализированы законодательства в области свободы мысли, совести и религии тех стран, где положение христиан на сегодняшний день представляется наиболее опасным, это: Египет, Ливия, Ирак и Саудовская Аравия. Также здесь проводится сравнение данных нормативно - правовых актов с теми реалиями, которые происходят в отношении христиан на сегодняшний день To date, the topic of persecution of Christians, unfortunately, still does not lose its relevance. Despite the fact that there is a fairly strong legal framework at the international level that provides for the protection of freedom of thought, conscience and religion, Christians in various regions of the world are subjected to various forms of harassment. While in Western European countries discrimination against Christians is carried out indirectly - using certain political means, such as "tolerance", in the Middle East countries there is still a threat of their physical destruction.This article examines and analyzes the legislation in the field of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion in those countries where the situation of Christians is currently the most dangerous.: Egypt, Libya, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. We also compare these normative legal acts with the realities that are taking place in relation to Christians today.

Political Dimensions of Military Technical Cooperation Between Russia and Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Seroshtanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
The Military

The role of Russia in the Middle East region has been increasing since the start of operation in Syria. This forces not only Russia, but also the Middle East countries including Saudi Arabia to adjust their politics according to the current situation. Both Russia and Saudi Arabia actively use military technical cooperation to develop relations with other countries, so it is essential that in their interstate relations this instrument should be applied. In this article, the military technical cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia is under consideration. The article aims to determine the dependence of military technical cooperation between the countries on politics. There is a lack of literature on the issue; the main part of it covers military technical cooperation between Russia and the Middle East countries and also the interstate relations with them in general. Due to the specific character of the arms trade sphere, the volume of sources is also insufficient. However, it is possible to carry out an analysis that allows forming the general image of the military technical cooperation between Russia and Saudi Arabia and its reason on the basis of related mass media publications and SIPRI data. The analysis of the Russia-Saudi Arabia military technical cooperation development shows that its expansion is in correlation with the growing role of Russia in the Middle East. In the middle of the 2010s, a number of contracts were concluded and performed. The following reasons of this expansion can be mentioned: problems in interstate relations between Saudi Arabia and the Western countries caused by the conflict in Yemen and Jamal Khashoggi's killing, the Arms Trade Treaty limitations for trade with Saudi Arabia for Western countries, Saudi Arabia's diversification of arms suppliers, search of Russia for new arms markets, etc. Nevertheless, these reasons cannot be assumed as reasons of crucial importance: the Western countries maintain their positions on the Saudi Arabia arms market despite all the limitations and issues in interstate relations, Saudi Arabia is not the key arms market for Russia; moreover, the integration of Russian arms systems into Saudi Arabia's armed forces formed by the Western military standard is quite complicated. Taking into account all the limitations related to the military technical cooperation between the countries, it can be stated that neither Russia nor Saudi Arabia has crucial economical or technical reasons for its start. Therefore, the following conclusion can be made: military technical cooperation between these countries is not a single process; it is caused by a whole direction of interstate relations, and it is only an instrument to boost them.

scholarly journals Testing the productivity bias hypothesis in Middle East countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferda Halicioglu ◽  
Natalya Ketenci
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the validity of the productivity bias hypothesis (PBH) in 18 Middle East countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs autoregressive-distributed lag approach to cointegration approach and stability tests. Findings The empirical results suggest the existence of the PBH only in the case of Bahrain, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Practical implications Conclusions drawn from this research could be useful for the policy-makers of governments and practitioners in international trade organizations. Originality/value This study extends the existing literature by providing initial empirical time series evidence of the PBH for the entire Middle East countries.

scholarly journals Orta Doğu Ülkelerinin Su Ürünleri Üretimi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hülya Saygı ◽  
Aysun Kop ◽  
Hatice Tekoğul ◽  
Özgür Altan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The main aim of this study is to estimate the future of the aquaculture of Middle Eastern Countries for the year 2030 by time series analysis method. In addition, it is a classification and clustering based on fisheries production, import, export and consumption data with basic component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods for Middle Eastern countries. FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) used the statistics of fisheries products of the Middle East countries between 1950 and 2016. Time series, clustering and factor analysis were applied to these data. As a result of the time series analysis, the aquaculture production will end up in Kuwait, Libya and Syria if the current situation continues. Also, in other countries, production for 2030 is projected to be lowest for Jordan and the highest for Egypt. Accordingly, the total amount of aquaculture production in the Middle East countries is estimated to be 4.8 million tons in 2030. In the PCA, according to PC1; Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates and according to PC2; Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Oman, Tunisia and Yemen have been associated with high rates, respectively. According to the HCA; first cluster, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Cyprus, Iraq; 2nd cluster Israel, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Tunisia, Oman and Yemen; 3rd cluster Saudi Arabia; 4. Cluster consists of Iran, Turkey and Egypt. According to the results of this study, the aquaculture of these countries should be examined in more detail. It is also recommended that countries implement the necessary regulations in fisheries policies.

scholarly journals Five years surface ozone behaviour in a semi-rural location at Mohal-Kullu in the north-western Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal ◽  
Sheetal Choudhary ◽  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Western Desert ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
Rural Location ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
North Western

Abstract Surface ozone is one of the most important Green House Gases (GHGs). Five years (2011–2015) measurements of surface ozone (O3) and one of its precursors- oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were carried out at a semi-rural location, Mohal (77.12°E, 31.91°N, 1154 m amsl) in the north-western Indian Himalaya. The concentration of O3, NO, NO2 and NOx was measured maximum 74.6 ± 23.2 ppb in 2013, 27.5 ± 7.5 ppb in 2013, 51.8 ± 13.2 ppb in 2013, and 60.8 ± 13.2 ppb in 2012, respectively. Seasonally, O3 concentration was highest during summer while lowest in monsoon. The O3 concentration shows unimodal peak while its precursors show bimodal peaks. A reasonable decrease in percent change was found in terms of O3 (-13), NO2 (-6), and NOx (-3) due to imposing regulations imposed by local government in compliance with the order of Hon’ble National Green Tribunal (NGT) of the country in 2015. However, NO (9) is increasing due to vehicular activities in the nearby area which is one of the famous tourist spots. Washout effect due to increasing rainfall by 8% might have also affected O3 concentrations. Biomass burning for heating and cooking purposes and forest fire for tender livestock forage and transported gaseous pollutants from the Middle East countries and Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) could be major contributors of surface ozone and its precursors. HYSPLIT air-mass back trajectories drawn for external ozone sources showed the maximum air masses reached the study location either with the western desert countries or IGP polluted regions.

scholarly journals The Sunni – Shiite escalation as a factor of the rise of the terrorist threat

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Zinin
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Terrorist Threat ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Final Defeat

The article is about to examine the effect of Sunni – Shiite partition on events that happen across the Middle East in the context of global terrorist threats. The article covers natural-economic realities of a number of middle-east countries with large Shiite population and with territories which subsume about two thirds of the all world explored reserves of hydrocarbons. The priority is given to the analysis of competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran, its ideological motifs and orientations, of their rivalry in proxy wars for influence in Syria, Iraq and Yemen. It is emphasized that even after the final defeat of ISIL political Islam will not take its departure from the regional worldview space and the influence of Sunni – Shiite factor in this process will remain.

scholarly journals The analytical assessment of some Middle East corporate governance standards after the global crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 933-946
Author(s):  
Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Comparative Corporate Governance

The purpose of this paper is to present a set of comparative corporate governance standards in some Middle East countries including: Turkey, UAE, Saudi Arabia plus IIFS Code (Institutions offering Islamic financial services). There are strengths and weaknesses in these codes or practices which will be identified in this paperwork. Therefore, this paper not only identifies different points in latest corporate governance standard principles and systems in the above three (3) countries, but also provides with a summary of evaluation of current corporate governance systems in these above countries which may enable relevant organizations in re-evaluating their current ones. Last but not least, it aims to illustrate a limited comparative set of standards of Middle East corporate governance, and give proper recommendations to relevant governments and institutions toward a sustainable practices in business life.

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