Smectite clay from the Sabga deposit (Cameroon): mineralogical and physicochemical properties

Clay Minerals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Mache ◽  
P. Signing ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
F. Kunyukubundo ◽  
J. A. Mbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
North West ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractThe physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of the <250 μm particle-size fraction from six clay-rich samples from the Sabga deposit (north-west, Cameroon) were carried out to evaluate their potential applications. The major clay mineral is dioctahedral smectite and minor kaolinite is present in three of the clay samples. Cristobalite, feldspars, ilmenite and heulandite are accessory minerals. Application of the Greene-Kelly test revealed that the smectite present is montmorillonite. The chemical composition (wt.%) of the bulk clays consists of (66–70%) SiO2, (13–16%) Al2O3and (2–7%) Fe2O3. Physico-chemical characterization of the clays showed that the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the specific surface area range from 38 to 46 meq/100 g and from 33 to 90 m2/g respectively. The physical and chemical properties are fully compatible with potential uses in environmental applications. After purification and chemical modification, these materials could also be used in refining edible oil as adsorbent, waste water treatment and wine technology.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Characterization of Diarylethene-based MOFs

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1223-C1223
Author(s):  
Jason Benedict ◽  
Ian Walton ◽  
Dan Patel ◽  
Jordan Cox
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) remain an extremely active area of research given the wide variety of potential applications and the enormous diversity of structures that can be created from their constituent building blocks. While MOFs are typically employed as passive materials, next-generation materials will exhibit structural and/or electronic changes in response to applied external stimuli including light, charge, and pH. Herein we present recent results in which advanced photochromic diarylethenes are combined with MOFs through covalent and non-covalent methods to create photo-responsive permanently porous crystalline materials. This presentation will describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of next-generation photo-switchable diarylethene based ligands which are subsequently used to photo-responsive MOFs. These UBMOF crystals are, by design, isostructural with previously reported non-photoresponsive frameworks which enables a systematic comparison of their physical and chemical properties. While the photoswitching of the isolated ligand in solution is fully reversible, the cycloreversion reaction is suppressed in the UBMOF single crystalline phase. Spectroscopic evidence for thermally induced cycloreversion will be presented, as well as a detailed analysis addressing the limits of X-ray diffraction techniques applied to these systems.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Talc from Two Mexican Ore Deposits (Oaxaca and Puebla) and Nine Talcs Marketed in Mexico: Evaluation of Its Cosmetic Uses

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Teresa Pi-Puig ◽  
Dante Yosafat Animas-Torices ◽  
Jesús Solé
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Impurities ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The detailed mineralogical, physical and chemical characterization of nine samples of imported cosmetic talc and of two samples of talc from currently non-productive Mexican ore deposits (Oaxaca and Puebla States) is presented. The imported cosmetic talc was classified into two groups, considering whether they are packed in the country of origin or in Mexico and considering their price. X-ray diffraction, infrared short wave, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used for mineralogical characterization. For the physical characterization, colorimetry and laser granulometry were used. The chemical composition (major, trace elements) was studied by ICP-MS. It was concluded that only the highest priced and imported in packaged form talcs meet the specific purity requirements for a talc of cosmetic type. The talcs that are packed in Mexico and the talc of the studied Mexican deposits present mineralogical and chemical impurities that make their use difficult in the manufacture of high-quality cosmetic talc. The low-price talc should not be sold as cosmetic talc, and the regulations in Mexico on this subject should be reviewed and updated.

Physical and Chemical Compositional Characterization of Six Apple Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Xian Jun Meng ◽  
Li Yan Gong ◽  
Guo Hui Huang ◽  
Nai Qiao Liu ◽  
Jin Feng Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Compositional Characterization ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical properties of 6 apple varieties were measured to gain the variations. The qualities of apples are important for the consumer. These quality attributes can be described by colour, texture and physical attributes such as size and shape. Individual sugars, organic acids, and vitamin C were quantified in six apple cultivars with same soil, climatic conditions and altitudes. The results showed physical and chemical characterization existed different variance in apple varieties, the variance ranged from 6.1% to 109.05%. Fructose was the most dominant sugar in the different apple cultivars, followed by glucose and sucrose, while malic acid was the principal organic acid.

Characterization of Physical and Chemical Evaluation on Six Apple Varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1954-1959
Author(s):  
Li Yan Gong ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Jin Feng Bi ◽  
Sha Sha Bai ◽  
Xian Jun Meng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical characterization of 6 apple varieties (Early Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Hanfu, Ralls, Rainier and Fuji) from China was performed using pattern recognition tools. Measurements were taken on 12 parameters including weigh, colour, fruit firmness, crude fiber, total soluble solids, titration acid, water, Vitamin C, edible rate and juice yield .The results showed that physical and chemical properties existed different variance in apple varieties. The coefficient of variance of 12 properties was from 2.15% to 69.04%. The different apple varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). PCA revealed that the first four components represented 95.13% of the total variability in properties and different apple groups. HCA classified samples into three groups on the basis of the physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA E QUÍMICA DA BIOMASSA USADA COMO COMBUSTÍVEL SÓLIDO EM UMA CALDEIRA

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Carvalho ◽  
João Barros ◽  
Diego Silva ◽  
Gabriela Nakashima ◽  
Fábio Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS USED AS SOLID FUEL IN A BOILER. Biomass is a renewable energy source most used in the world, however, depending on the chemical properties and origin of the material used as biofuel, the amount of ash generated during combustion can be high, harming the energetic harnessing. The objective of this study was to characterize chemically and physically biomass: bark, sawdust, and urban pruning; used for energy generation. Also, part of the study was the physical characterization of briquettes produced from these materials. The analyzes performed to characterize the biomass were: moisture determination, higher heating value, proximate analysis and chemical composition - extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents. Subsequently, the biomass was briquetted and the mechanical properties of the briquettes were tested. The results showed that all biomass (bark, sawdust, and urban pruning) has the energy potential to be used in the industry. T1 briquettes (100% bark) showed the highest mechanical resistance. However, the formation of blends should be sought to minimize the ash content in the boiler. Thus, blends T2 and T3 can be considered as the best alternatives for the company.

scholarly journals In-situ physical and chemical characterization of the Eyjafjallajökull aerosol plume in the free troposphere over Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 20195-20238
Author(s):  
S. Sandrini ◽  
L. Giulianelli ◽  
S. Decesari ◽  
M. C. Facchini ◽  
S. Fuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Aerosol Plume

Abstract. Continuous measurements of physical and chemical properties at the Mt. Cimone GAW-WMO Global Station (2165 m a.s.l.) allowed the detection of the volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption of spring 2010. The event affected the site after a transport over a distance of more than 3000 km. Two main transport episodes were detected during the eruption period, showing a volcanic fingerprint discernible against the free tropospheric background conditions typical of the site, the first from 19 to 21 April and the second from 18 to 20 May 2010. The paper reports the modification of aerosol characteristics observed during the two episodes, both characterized by an abrupt increase in fine and, especially, coarse mode particle number. Analysis of major, minor and trace elements by different analytical techniques (Ionic Chromatography, PIXE-PIGE and ICP-MS) were performed on aerosols collected by ground level discrete sampling. The resulting database allows the characterization of aerosol chemical composition during the volcanic plume transport and in background conditions. During the passage of the volcanic plume, the fine fraction was dominated by sulphates, denoting the secondary origin of this mode, mainly resulting from in-plume oxidation of volcanic SO2. By contrast, the coarse fraction was characterized by increased concentration of numerous elements of crustal origin, such as Fe, Ti, Mn, Ca, Na, and Mg, which enter the composition of silicate minerals. Data analysis of selected elements (Ti, Al, Fe, Mn) allowed the estimation of the volcanic plume's contribution to total PM10, resulting in a local enhancement of up to 9.5 μg m-3, i.e. 40% of total PM10, on 18 May, which was the most intense of the two episodes. These results appear significant, especially in the light of the huge distance of Mt. Cimone from the source, confirming the widespread diffusion of the Eyjafjallajokull ashes over Europe.

scholarly journals Characterization of soils cultivated with rubber in the Colombian Bajo Cauca Antioqueño region

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 8155-8167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rodrigo Villa Cuastumal ◽  
Enrique Guillermo Martínez Bustamante ◽  
José Régulo Cartagena Valenzuela ◽  
Orlando Antonio Rodríguez Rodríguez ◽  
Nelson Walter Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

From a socioeconomic and environmental standpoint, rubber cultivation is potentially important for Colombia, because it not only constitutes an alternative to the traditional mining, agricultural, and livestock activities, but also a beneficial option in the substitution of illegal crops. Thus, there is need to determine the factors restricting the productivity of the species, particularly soil-related aspects. In this context, the current research undertook the description and identification of soil physical and chemical properties in three rubber plantations located in a region known as Bajo Cauca Antioqueño, at the lower course of the Cauca river. The results indicate that these soils are classified as Ultisols, they are deep, with acid reaction and low levels of soil organic matter. Essential elements also exhibited low levels, except Cu. Fe and Al are also present in very high concentrations, while the cation exchange capacity is limited. These observations alert on the need for agronomic management techniques that allow the crop to express its full potential under conditions that are not very adequate for its growth and development.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of African catfish smoked sausage with different liquid smoke concentrations and immersion durations

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Ernawati ◽  
Moh. Awaludin Adam ◽  
Irawati Mei Widiastuti ◽  
Era Insivitawati
Keyword(s):  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Product diversification is needed to increase selling and marketing prices. One of them is the African catfish sausage product. Liquid smoke has been used commercially by the food industry. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical properties of smoked African catfish after adding different concentrations of liquid smoke and immersion duration. The chemical analysis measured the levels of protein, fat, and phenol. The results showed that sausage with a concentration of 20% liquid and soaking for 30 minutes was the best treatment with a protein content of 43.8 ± 0.34%, a fat of 12.33 ± 0.61%, and phenol 292.74 ppm. Determination of the compound using GC-MS found that the most dominant compound in the smokeless sausage was 2-hexanone, 3,3 dimethyl with a relative concentration of 32.42%. The dominant compound in the besttreated sausage was Furan, tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl- with a relative concentration of 19%. Liquid smoke penetration is clearly visible in the microstructure of smoked sausages, both in the best-treated smoked sausages and commercial sausages. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) magnification of 2.500x shows that the best emulsified smoked sausages have a flatter structure, smaller droplets, and are more refined than smokeless sausages or commercial smoked sausages.

scholarly journals Geotechnical and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Low Lime Fly Ashes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Ali Baig Moghal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In order to explore the possibility of using low-lime fly ashes, the physical and chemical properties which have a direct bearing on their geotechnical and geoenvironmental behaviors have been investigated. In this paper, two types of low-lime fly ashes, originating from India, have been used. A brief account of various methods adopted in characterizing their physical, chemical, and geotechnical properties is presented. The relative importance of each of these properties in enhancing the bulk applicability of fly ashes has been brought out.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DE MICRO-RELEVO DE MONTÍCULOS “MURUNDUS” NA REGIÃO DE JANAÚBA NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Diogo Antunes ◽  
Luiz Henrique Arimura Figueiredo ◽  
Joseilton Faria Silva ◽  
Marcos Koiti Kondo ◽  
José Augusto dos Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Os murundus são micro-relevos muito comuns na região do Vale do Gorutuba. A sua presença desvaloriza a terra e indica solos de fertilidade inferior. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar física e quimicamente os murundus localizados na região do Vale do Gorutuba, nos municípios de Janaúba e Nova Porteirinha, Minas Gerais. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro áreas sob vegetação de mata nativa, para cada uma das áreas foram determinadas as coordenadas geográficas, altitude, altura, diâmetro e distância entre murundus vizinhos. Os solos foram amostrados nas camadas de 0-20, 20-40 e de 40-60 cm, nas porções de topo e entre os murundus. Nessas amostras foram efetuadas análises textural, matéria orgânica, pH, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Al e H+A. Os resultados mostraram que os solos das áreas estudadas apresentaram características físicas e químicas diferentes, estas diferenças podem ser atribuídas ao material de origem. A fertilidade de solo foi superior na P4, em relação às demais áreas estudadas, e isto provavelmente se explica pelos seus murundus, de cor vermelha, originarem-se de material calcário sendo, assim, mais férteis. Portanto, a destruição de murundus e incorporação de solo ao cultivo tende a propiciar resultados mais satisfatórios na P4, uma vez que a superioridade das propriedades químicas do solo é compatível com um menor gasto de adubação, o que pode aumentar a lucratividade da atividade agrícola. Os materiais de origem das outras áreas são siltitos, contendo baixos teores de nutrientes, formando murundus com baixa fertilidade.Palavras-chave: solos, fertilidade, manejo do solo ABSTRACT: PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MICRO RELIEF OF LITTLE HILLS "MURUNDUS" IN THE REGION OF JANAÚBA, NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS. Murundus is very common micro relives in the Vale do Gorutuba region. Its presence devaluates the land and indicates soil of inferior fertility. The present research aimed to characterize physically and chemically murundus in the Vale do Gorutuba region, in Janaúba and Nova Porteirinha counties. The study was carried out in four areas under vegetation of native forest, determining for each one the geographic coordinates, altitude, height, diameter and distance between murundus. The soil samples were collected at 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, in the portions of top and between murundus. Texture, organic substance, pH, Ca, Mg, K, In, P, Al and H+Al were analyzed. For the results, the soil of the studied areas presented different physical and chemical characteristics, being attributed these differences to the origin material. The soil fertility was superior in P4, in relation to the other studied areas, and this probably justifies for its murundus, from red color, from limy material being, thus, more fertile. Therefore, the destruction of murundus and incorporation of soil to the culture tends to propitiate response more satisfactory in P4, because the superiority of the chemical properties of the soil is compatible with a lesser expense of fertilization, what can increase the profitability of the agricultural activity. The materials of origin of the other areas are siltitos, contend low content of nutrients, forming murundus with low fertility.Keywords: soil, fertility, soil management

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