A New Look at the Galim (a) and Galim (b) Meteorites

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (367) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Christophe Michel-Lévy ◽  
Michèle Bourot-Denise
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Enstatite Chondrite ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
New Look

AbstractSmall stones were recovered from a meteorite shower observed in Cameroon on November 13, 1952. The majority are LL6 specimens, Galim (a), but one is a chondrule-rich enstatite chondrite, Galim (b). Petrology and mineral chemistry were determined on polished sections of both types. Galim (a) has undergone multiple brecciation. During the first, chromite apparently recrystallized in healed fractures under more reducing conditions than those which prevailed when the silicates recrystallized. Galim (b) shows some features of petrologic type 3 but differs considerably from the other unequilibrated E chondrites. It is suggested that Galim (a) and Galim (b) belong to the same meteorite shower.

Cell adhesion and phagocytosis promoted by monoclonal antibodies not directed against fibronectin receptors

1988 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grinnell ◽  
C.H. Ho ◽  
T.L. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immunofluorescence Staining ◽  
Baby Hamster Kidney ◽  
Bhk Cells ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Latex Beads

In this report we describe cell adhesion and phagocytosis promoted by two monoclonal antibodies that were selected for immunofluorescence staining of non-permeabilized baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Anti-BHK1 staining was heaviest along cell margins, whereas anti-BHK2 staining was continuous along cell margins. Neither antibody stained elongated plaque structures such as were observed when cells were reacted with antibodies to fibronectin (FN) receptors. The monoclonal antibodies functioned as adhesion ligands in four different assays: attachment to culture dishes, spreading, binding of latex beads and phagocytosis. Anti-BHK1 and anti-BHK2 promoted attachment to culture dishes similarly, but anti-BHK2 was more effective at promoting cell spreading. Antibody-promoted cell spreading was inhibited by the peptides Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg and Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro but not by other, related, peptides tested. The monoclonal antibodies also promoted binding of latex beads, and the bead binding sites were motile, on the basis of their ‘capping’ response. Nevertheless, anti-BHK2 beads were phagocytosed by cells 5- to 20-fold more efficiently than anti-BHK1 beads. The binding sites for anti-BHK1 and anti-BHK2 were characterized by immunoprecipitation experiments. Anti-BHK1 binding sites contained 50K (K = 10(3) Mr) and 88K components under non-reducing conditions that migrated as a 51/53K doublet and a 93K component under reducing conditions. On the other hand, anti-BHK2 binding sites contained 88K and 110K components under non-reducing conditions that shifted to apparent 107K and 128K values when measured under reducing conditions.

Comparing the Arrangements of Governance and Sustainable Development in OECD Countries: Coupled or Decoupled?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Huh Taewook
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study attempts to analyze to what extent governance and sustainable development (SD) empirically appear compatible in the thirtyfive OECD countries through the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis, and identify which ideal types appear coupled or decoupled, and then reveal which countries belong to the coupled types or to the decoupled types. In short, twenty-two countries (including Sweden (fuzzy score, 0.953), Denmark (0.920), Finland (0.914), Norway (0.911) in Type 1 (G*S, ‘strong G-S coupled countries’); and Turkey (0.906), Greece (0.833), Mexico (0.828) in Type 4 (g*s, ‘lite g-s coupled countries’) are in line with the accepted conventions regarding the compatible relationship between governance and SD. On the other hand, the rest of thirteen countries (including USA (fuzzy score, 0.815), Luxembourg (0.721), Australia (0.660) in Type 2 (G*s, ‘G-s decoupled countries’); and Slovenia (0.728), France (0.644), Czech Rep. (0.625) in Type 3 (g*S, ‘g-S decoupled countries’) may indicate that the relationship of governance and SD is in fact experiencing tensions in the national contexts. These findings are characterized by the substance (of SD) and procedure (of governance) divide. Considering the results, this study focuses on the idea of reflexivity or reflexive capacity.

Alkin-Komplexe des Rheniums in hohen Oxidationsstufen / Alkyne Complexes of Rhenium in High Oxidation States

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang A. Herrmann ◽  
Josef K. Felixberger ◽  
Josef G. Kuchler ◽  
Eberhardt Herdtweck
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Molar Amount ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
Alkyne Complexes ◽  
Type 3

The class of π-alkyne complexes of metals in medium and high oxidation states has been extended by the type CH3ReO2(RC≡CR′) (3a—i). Exchange of alkyne for oxo ligands under reducing conditions has been employed as a new general synthesis. Compounds 3 are thus obtained by reaction of methyltrioxorhenium(VII) (1) with the alkynes 2a—i in the presence of a ca. 1.1-fold molar amount of polymer-bound triphenylphosphane as reducing agent (desoxygenation). The structural characterization was carried out for the example of the tolan complex 3 e by virtue of a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study at —80 °C, according to which the description of compounds 3 as “rhenacyclopropenes” seems justified. Evidence from NMR investigations of 3 a and 3 c shows that no fast rotation of the respective alkyne ligand around the axis to the metal atom occurs on the NMR time scale up to at least 105 °C. A minimal rotation barrier of approximately 20 kcal/mol is thus to be estimated. Reaction of type 3 compounds (R = R′ = CH3, b; R = R′ = C2H5, c) with polymer-bound triphenylphosphane under more drastic conditions (boiling toluene) for two days effects further reduction, with the dinuclear, diamagnetic rhenium(IV) complexes 4b and 4c, resp., being formed. Sterically demanding alkynes (e.g., R = R′ = Si(CH3)3, C6H5) seem to prevent this type of reaction. According to an X-ray diffraction study, 4b has an equilateral Re2O-triangular core geometry, with the ligands O, CH3, and butyne(2) arranged in such a way that C2-symmetry results. The alkyne complexes reported here are the first ones of tetra- and pentavalent rhenium.

Mischkolonien auxotropher und Wildtypzellen nach Behandlung von Esdierichia coli-Zellen mit salpetriger Säure

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kaudewitz ◽  
K. Moebus ◽  
H. Kneser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Hybrid Dna ◽  
In Cells

Cells of E. coli incubated in nitrous acid give rise 1. to unchanged wildtype colonies, 2. to colonies composed of wildtype and auxotrophic cells and 3. to colonies consisting of auxotrophic cells only. The mixed colonies are considered to originate from single cells each of them harbouring hybrid DNA with one subunit, probably a sisterstrand, changed by deamination of a cytosine or adenine, the other one with unchanged wildtype composition. In cells producing type 3 colonies this wildtype strand is mutated lethally by a separate deamination of a cytosine or adenine. A mathematical treatment of this hypothesis leads to predictions which are in good agreement with experimental evidence. The data obtained are used for an estimation of the number of gene-loci of E. coli.

scholarly journals Plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases are regulated to maintain activity in the light

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa L. Preiser ◽  
Nicholas Fisher ◽  
Aparajita Banerjee ◽  
Thomas D. Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Substrate Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Enzyme Kinetic ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) can initiate the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) shunt around the Calvin–Benson cycle. To understand the regulation of flux through this pathway, we have characterized the biochemical parameters and redox regulation of the three functional plastidic isoforms of Arabidopsis G6PDH. When purified, recombinant proteins were measured, all three exhibited significant substrate inhibition by G6P but not NADP+, making the determination of enzyme kinetic parameters complex. We found that the half-saturation concentration of G6PDH isoform 1 is increased under reducing conditions. The other two isoforms exhibit less redox regulation, however, isoform 2 is strongly inhibited by NADPH. Redox regulation of G6PDH1 can be partially reversed by hydrogen peroxide or protected against by the presence of its substrate, G6P. Overall, our results support the conclusion that G6PDH can have significant activity throughout the day and can be dynamically regulated to allow or prevent flux through the glucose-6-phosphate shunt.

A Mutation of the Active Protein S Gene Leading to an EGF1-Lacking Protein in a Family With Qualitative (Type II) Deficiency

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 4608-4615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leroy-Matheron ◽  
M. Gouault-Heilmann ◽  
M. Aiach ◽  
S. Gandrille
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Cofactor Activity ◽  
Inactive Protein

Abstract The genomic analysis of a 70-year-old man with recurrent deep venous thrombosis having a protein S (PS)-deficient phenotype corresponding to both type III and type II evidenced two different mutations: a +5 g→a mutation in the donor splice site of intron e (ivs e) and a ser 460 to Pro mutation. The propositus' son, who had a type II PS deficiency phenotype, only bore the ivs e +5 g→a mutation. The study of platelet PS mRNA prepared from this subject showed that the ivs e, +5 g→a mutation led to the generation of two abnormal transcripts, one lacking exon 5 and the other lacking exons 5 and 6. The presence of an additional PS band with a decreased molecular mass on immunoblots performed in reducing conditions suggested the presence of truncated PS lacking EGF1 (encoded by exon 5). Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were used to further characterize the nonfunctional plasma PS. Comparison of PS levels measured with each of these MoAbs and PS levels in conventional assays was consistent with the presence of an abnormal inactive protein in the plasma of both patients bearing the ivs e, +5 g→a mutation, suggesting that variant PS lacking EGF1 is secreted but is devoid of activated protein C cofactor activity.

THE PHOSPHOLIPID-BINDING SITE OF FACTOR VIII IS LOCATED ON THE 80 kD LIGHT CHAIN

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kemball-Cook ◽  
S J A Edwards ◽  
K Sewerin ◽  
L-O Andersson ◽  
T W Barrowcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Immunoaffinity Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Electrophoretic Separation ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Sds Page

The binding of Factoi. VIII (F.VIII) peptides to phospholipid (PL) vesicles has been studied by two different methods involving the use of fractionated anti-F.VIII:C I-Fab123’pre viously reported, i-Fab123’ was fractionated by immunoadsorptionwith F.VIII-PL complexes into two pools:one binding only to PL-binding sites on F.VIIIsAg (PL-site antibody), the other directed against other antigenic sites (non-PL-site antibody).The first technique used was a modification of the method of Weinstein et al. (Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 78, 5137-5141, 1981), and involved incubation of the two anti-F.VIII pool swith F.VIII-containing samples, followed by electrophoretic separation of the complexes on the basis of size in non-denaturing SDS gels: this technique allows qualitative analysis of antibody reactive peptides in highly impure samples. Non-PL-site pool reacted with a range of peptides with MrMapparent Mr 90 kD up to 280 kD, a similar pattern to that of ’heavy chain’(HC) peptides of F.VIII seen on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions; the PL-site antibody, however, reacted only with peptides at apparent Mrs of 80 kD and sometimes150 kD, but not with bands of higher Mr a pattern more consistent with binding to light chain (LC) peptides. Thesame patterns with the two labels were seen in both plasma and F.VIII concentrateThe second approach employed the two labels described above in direct immunoradiometric assays (IFMA’s) on purified human F.VIII peptides prepared by immunoaffinity chromatography and ion exchange on Mono Q gel. Both PL-site and non-PL-site labels measured similar amounts of F.VIII m a sample containing both HC and LC peptides; however, on assaying a sample containing purified HC peptides alone, PL-site antibody measured only 2% of F.VIII:Ag found by non-PL-site label, indicating that PL-binding sites present in samples containing both HC and LC are absent in HC alone.Results from both these immunological methods indicate that the 80 kD LC peptide of F.VIII carries the PL-binding site.

A Mutation of the Active Protein S Gene Leading to an EGF1-Lacking Protein in a Family With Qualitative (Type II) Deficiency

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 4608-4615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Leroy-Matheron ◽  
M. Gouault-Heilmann ◽  
M. Aiach ◽  
S. Gandrille
Keyword(s):  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Cofactor Activity ◽  
Inactive Protein

The genomic analysis of a 70-year-old man with recurrent deep venous thrombosis having a protein S (PS)-deficient phenotype corresponding to both type III and type II evidenced two different mutations: a +5 g→a mutation in the donor splice site of intron e (ivs e) and a ser 460 to Pro mutation. The propositus' son, who had a type II PS deficiency phenotype, only bore the ivs e +5 g→a mutation. The study of platelet PS mRNA prepared from this subject showed that the ivs e, +5 g→a mutation led to the generation of two abnormal transcripts, one lacking exon 5 and the other lacking exons 5 and 6. The presence of an additional PS band with a decreased molecular mass on immunoblots performed in reducing conditions suggested the presence of truncated PS lacking EGF1 (encoded by exon 5). Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were used to further characterize the nonfunctional plasma PS. Comparison of PS levels measured with each of these MoAbs and PS levels in conventional assays was consistent with the presence of an abnormal inactive protein in the plasma of both patients bearing the ivs e, +5 g→a mutation, suggesting that variant PS lacking EGF1 is secreted but is devoid of activated protein C cofactor activity.

ÉTUDE D'UNE LIGNÉE DE CELLULES KB INFECTÉES CHRONIQUEMENT PAR LE VIRUS PARA-INFLUENZAE TYPE 3 : I. ASPECTS DE LA PRODUCTION VIRALE

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Daniel ◽  
Charles Chany
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Resistance ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Type 3

A strain of cells chronically infected with type 3 para-influenzae virus was obtained. The proportion of virus-producing ceils in this carrier system, called KB.EA, was measured by two different technics. Only a fraction of KB.EA cells, varying from one experiment to the other, was found to produce the virus. Virus production did not seem to take place simultaneously in all the cells, which apparently yielded the virus at varying times, and occasionally only after 10 days of incubation.The titer of total virus yielded by cultures of KB.EA cells incubated at 37 °C and 41 °C was determined at fixed intervals over a period of 4 days.The titer showed marked variations during the course of both types of cultures. The amount of total virus harvested at 41 °C was about a tenth of that obtained from the culture incubated at 37 °C. No "hot-mutant" could be detected after 4 days of incubation at 41 °C.The addition of a potent antiserum in the culture medium did not sterilize the KB.EA strain although the same serum inhibited the plaque formation induced by type 3 para-influenzae virus on normal KB cells.From the results obtained, several hypotheses meant to explain the cell resistance and the persistence of virus in cultures of KB.EA cells are discussed.

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