The distribution of trace precious metals in minerals and mineral products

AbstractData on the distribution of the precious metals (Au, Ag and the platinum=group elements Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) are rapidly accumulating as a consequence of the application of microbeam analytical techniques such as the electron microprobe, the proton microprobe, and the ion microprobe. The new data obtained with these techniques build on knowledge accumulated over the last 140 years using bulk analytical methods (e.g. spectrographic). The nature of the occurrence, the concentrations, and the variation in amount s of precious metals in minerals and mineral products are reviewed with comments as to the significance of the results with respect to industrial and environmental concerns. Future directions in mineral-specific analysis of trace precious-metal concentrations and applications outside of process mineralogy are discussed.

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PROBLEMS OF ANALYTICAL CONTROL IN PRODUCTION OF RARE AND PRECIOUS METALS

Izvestiya Vuzov Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Proceedings of Higher Schools Nonferrous Metallurgy) ◽

10.17073/0021-3438-2018-3-19-35 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 19-35

Author(s):

Yu. A. Karpov ◽

V. B. Baranovskaya

Keyword(s):

Metrological Support ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Precious Metal ◽

Precious Metals ◽

Analytical Control ◽

Control Methods ◽

Metal Production ◽

Research Activities ◽

International Comparative ◽

Analytical Laboratories

The article focuses on one of the important issues in rare and precious metals industry development – analytical control. It reviews the current state, importance, problems and prospects for analytical control development as an integral part of the rare and precious metal production and product quality assurance. Modern analytical control methods are described, namely atomic spectral, mass spectral, X-ray fluorescent and combined ones as well as their rational applications. It is shown that scientific and technological progress is inextricably linked with a drastic increase in the nomenclature of materials based on rare and precious metals and higher requirements for their quality. This will require creating new and improving existing analytical control methods, their standardization and metrological support. This work should involve research organizations in theRussianAcademy of Sciences, universities, industry research centers with research laboratories that have survived in the country after theSoviet Union dissolution, as well as promote plant research activities. It is necessary to effectively use the achievements of advanced analytical laboratories abroad, participate in international comparative tests. At the same time, special attention is paid to unsolved problems – scientifically justified statement of requirements for new types of products based on rare and precious metals; development and metrological assessment of sampling methods; development of high-quality metrological support for analytical control of rare and precious metal production; improvement of analytical methods; standardization of analytical methods; accreditation of analytical laboratories; training of highly qualified analytical chemists.

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COMPARISON OF SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY (SIMS) WITH ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS (EPMA) AND OTHER THIN FILM ANALYTICAL METHODS

Le Journal de Physique Colloques ◽

10.1051/jphyscol:1984225 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 45 (C2) ◽

pp. C2-103-C2-113

Author(s):

H. W. Werner ◽

A. P. von Rosenstiel

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Electron Microprobe ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Microprobe Analysis ◽

Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Secondary Ion

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A survey of computational methods in transcriptome-wide alternative splicing analysis

BioMolecular Concepts ◽

10.1515/bmc-2014-0040 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jianbo Wang ◽

Zhenqing Ye ◽

Tim H.-M. Huang ◽

Huidong Shi ◽

Victor Jin

Keyword(s):

Alternative Splicing ◽

Experimental Validation ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Exon Skipping ◽

Differential Splicing ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Future Directions ◽

Specific Analysis ◽

Software Implementations ◽

Expected Outcomes

AbstractAlternative splicing is widely recognized for its roles in regulating genes and creating gene diversity. Consequently the identification and quantification of differentially spliced transcripts is pivotal for transcriptome analysis. Here, we review the currently available computational approaches for the analysis of RNA-sequencing data with a focus on exon-skipping events of alternative splicing and discuss the novelties as well as challenges faced to perform differential splicing analyses. In accordance with operational needs we have classified the software tools, which may be instrumental for a specific analysis based on the experimental objectives and expected outcomes. In addition, we also propose a framework for future directions by pinpointing more extensive experimental validation to assess the accuracy of the software predictions and improvements that would facilitate visualizations, data processing, and downstream analyses along with their associated software implementations.

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Examination of Thick-Films Using Modern Surface Analytical Techniques

ElectroComponent Science and Technology ◽

10.1155/apec.11.219 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 219-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Harsányi ◽

G. Ripka

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Thick Film ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Thick Films ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Electrical Measurements ◽

Surface Impurity ◽

And Migration

Modern surface analytical methods/EMPA, AES, SIMS etc. were used for studying the different layers in thick-film integrated circuits. Diffusion and migration effects, surface impurity distributions and surface compositions were examined. Some of the results are presented in this paper. Electrical measurements are not discussed here; only examples of the practical use of the methods are demonstrated.

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Genesis of Precious Metal Mineralization in Intrusions of Ultramafic, Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites in the North of the Siberian Platform

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11040354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 354

Author(s):

Anatoly M. Sazonov ◽

Aleksei E. Romanovsky ◽

Igor F. Gertner ◽

Elena A. Zvyagina ◽

Tatyana S. Krasnova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Siberian Platform ◽

Precious Metal ◽

Native Gold ◽

Precious Metals ◽

Ore Formation ◽

Central Type ◽

Alkaline Rocks ◽

The North ◽

Pge Mineralization

The gold and platinum-group elements (PGE) mineralization of the Guli and Kresty intrusions was formed in the process of polyphase magmatism of the central type during the Permian and Triassic age. It is suggested that native osmium and iridium crystal nuclei were formed in the mantle at earlier high-temperature events of magma generation of the mantle substratum in the interval of 765–545 Ma and were brought by meimechite melts to the area of development of magmatic bodies. The pulsating magmatism of the later phases assisted in particle enlargement. Native gold was crystallized at a temperature of 415–200 °C at the hydrothermal-metasomatic stages of the meimechite, melilite, foidolite and carbonatite magmatism. The association of minerals of precious metals with oily, resinous and asphaltene bitumen testifies to the genetic relation of the mineralization to carbonaceous metasomatism. Identifying the carbonaceous gold and platinoid ore formation associated genetically with the parental formation of ultramafic, alkaline rocks and carbonatites is suggested.

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Science of Art and Analysis: A Mixture for Undergraduate Non-Specialists

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-267-1089 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

Author(s):

W. Stanley Taft ◽

James W. Mayer

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Computer Science ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Art History ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Cornell University ◽

The Third ◽

Works Of Art ◽

Modern Analytical

ABSTRACTAt Cornell University we are in the third year of teaching an interdisciplinary, undergraduate course on the physical properties and structures of works of Art, and the modern analytical methods used to investigate them: Art, Isotopes, and Analysis. The challenge is to explain concepts familiar to museum scientists and conservators to a group of 150 undergraduate students with a background that ranges from Art History to Computer Science. Painting techniques (Fresco, Tempera, Oil, etc.) are demonstrated to the class. The analytical techniques involve the interactions of electrons, photons, ions and neutrons with pigments and other materials. This instructional approach serves as an introduction to published analyses of works of art.

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AUTHENTICITY AND QUALITY OF EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL: FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2014.1057.76 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 595-602

Author(s):

R.J. Mailer

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Future Directions

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Variant Offset-Type Platinum Group Element Reef Mineralization in Basal Olivine Cumulates of the Kapalagulu Intrusion, Western Tanzania

Economic Geology ◽

10.5382/econgeo.4816 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. D. Prendergast

Keyword(s):

Precious Metal ◽

Platinum Group Element ◽

Early Stage ◽

Precious Metals ◽

Parental Magma ◽

Group Element ◽

Metal Enrichment ◽

Reef Development ◽

Platinum Group ◽

Olivine Cumulates

Abstract The Kapalagulu intrusion in eastern Tanzania hosts a major, 420-m-thick, stratiform/stratabound platinum group element (PGE)-bearing sulfide zone—the Lubalisi reef—within a prominent, chromititiferous, harzburgite unit close to its stratigraphic base. Several features of the vertical base and precious metal distributions (in a composite stratigraphic section based upon two deep exploration drill holes) display similarities to those of offset-type PGE reefs that formed under the overall control of Rayleigh fractionation: (1) composite layering (at several scales) defined by systematic vertical variations of sulfide and precious metal contents and intermetallic ratios, indicating repeated cycles of PGE enrichment and depletion in the order Pd-Pt-Au-Cu, and (2) in the lower part of the reef, stratigraphic offsets of the precious metal peaks below peak sulfide (Cu) content. The form and geochemistry of the reef are consistent with overturns of basal liquid layers within a liquid layering system (i.e., stable density-driven stratification of a magma chamber), plus at least two minor inputs of parental magma during which the resident magma was recharged with sulfur and metals, and the effective depletion of precious metals in the magma midway through reef development. The Lubalisi reef differs from classic offset-type PGE reefs, however, principally because individual Pd, Pt, and Au enrichment peaks are coincident, not offset. The reef is set apart from other offset-type PGE reefs in three additional ways: (1) its association with olivine cumulates that crystallized soon after initial magma emplacement and well below the first appearance of cumulus pyroxene or plagioclase (implying attainment of sulfide saturation and precious metal enrichment without prolonged concentration of sulfur and chalcophile metals by normal magma cooling and differentiation), (2) the probable role of chromite crystallization in not only triggering sulfide segregation during reef formation but also facilitating precious metal enrichment in the early stages of reef development, and (3) its great width. The early stage of fractionation may also help explain the coincident precious metal peaks through its effect on apparent precious metal partition coefficients.

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