scholarly journals Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 1330-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio D. Hottz ◽  
Isaclaudia G. Azevedo-Quintanilha ◽  
Lohanna Palhinha ◽  
Lívia Teixeira ◽  
Ester A. Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Emergent Pathogen ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emergent pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its emergence, the novel coronavirus has rapidly achieved pandemic proportions causing remarkably increased morbidity and mortality around the world. A hypercoagulability state has been reported as a major pathologic event in COVID-19, and thromboembolic complications listed among life-threatening complications of the disease. Platelets are chief effector cells of hemostasis and pathological thrombosis. However, the participation of platelets in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains elusive. This report demonstrates that increased platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation are observed in severe COVID-19 patients, but not in patients presenting mild COVID-19 syndrome. In addition, exposure to plasma from severe COVID-19 patients increased the activation of control platelets ex vivo. In our cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit, platelet-monocyte interaction was strongly associated with tissue factor (TF) expression by the monocytes. Platelet activation and monocyte TF expression were associated with markers of coagulation exacerbation as fibrinogen and D-dimers, and were increased in patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation or patients who evolved with in-hospital mortality. Finally, platelets from severe COVID-19 patients were able to induce TF expression ex vivo in monocytes from healthy volunteers, a phenomenon that was inhibited by platelet P-selectin neutralization or integrin αIIb/β3 blocking with the aggregation inhibitor abciximab. Altogether, these data shed light on new pathological mechanisms involving platelet activation and platelet-dependent monocyte TF expression, which were associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

The Challenges of Biomedical Waste Management During the Ongoing Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: The Current Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabitha Vadakedath ◽  
Venkataramana Kandi ◽  
Tarun Kumar Suvvari ◽  
L V Simhachalam Kutikuppala ◽  
Vikram Godishala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Biomedical Waste ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Constant Observation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that has emerged and spread throughout the world causing CoV disease-19 (COVID-19) has since its discovery affected not only humans and animals but also the environment. Because of the highly infectious nature of the virus, and the respiratory aerosol transmission route, face masks and personal protective equipment have become mandatory for public and healthcare workers, respectively. Also, the complex nature of the pathogenicity of the virus, wherein, it has been associated with mild, moderate, and severe life-threatening infections, has warranted increased laboratory testing and placing the infected people in isolation and under constant observation in quarantine centers or at dedicated hospitals. Some infected people, who are generally healthy, and do not show symptoms have been placed in home quarantines. At this juncture, there has been increased amount of biomedical waste (BMW), and infectious general waste along with plastic disposable recyclable and non-recyclable waste. The increased BMW along with the potentially hazardous plastic waste collection, segregation, transport, and disposal has assumed increased significance during the ongoing pandemic. Therefore, this review attempts to investigate the current scenario of BMW management and strategies to minimize BMW and prevent potential environmental pollution.

scholarly journals Discovery of alliin as a putative inhibitor of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijun Cheng ◽  
Tianjiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Docking Method ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Molecular Docking Method

The outbreak of viral pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that began in December 2019 caused high mortality. It has been suggested that the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 may be an important target to discover pharmaceutical compounds for the therapy of this life-threatening disease. Remdesivir, ritonavir and chloroquine have all been reported to play a role in suppressing SARS-CoV-2. Here, we applied a molecular docking method to study the binding stability of these drugs with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. It appeared that the ligand–protein binding stability of the alliin and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complex was better than others. The results suggested that alliin may serve as a good candidate as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Therefore, the present research may provide some meaningful guidance for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES ON THE MANIFESTATION OF COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
S. O. Yastremska ◽  
O. M. Krekhovska-Lepiavko ◽  
B. A. Lokay ◽  
O. V. Bushtynska ◽  
S. V. Danchak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Summary. The first known case of infection from the novel coronavirus was recorded almost one year ago, in China’s Hubei province. The city of Wuhan was infamous the world over as the original virus epicenter, seeing more than half of China’s reported cases and deaths. The outbreak of COVID-19 virus, as sickened more than 14.7 million people. At least 610.200 people have died. The aim of the study – to analyze and systematize the literature data about the influence of chronic diseases on the manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods. The study uses publications of the world scientific literature on COVID-19 infection, in particular the causes and mechanisms of its development, treatment, complications and its consequences as well as the influence of different chronic disorders on the course of COVID-19. Results. A sample of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 14 states of the USA in March was analyzed by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was found that many (89 %) had underlying health problem and 94 % of patients were at the age 65 and older. The case fatality rate for those under age 60 was 1.4 percent. For those over age 60, the fatality rate jumps to 4.5 percent. The older the population, the higher the fatality rate. For those 80 and over, Covid-19 appears to have a 13.4 percent fatality rate. Moreover, it was recognized, that older adults don't present in a typical way of the course of different disorders, and we're seeing that with Covid-19 as well. Conclusions. Chronic diseases and conditions are on the rise worldwide. COVID-19 became the most challenging pandemic influencing all countries worldwide. Chronic diseases are suggested to be one of the main causes of different life-threatening complications of COVID-19 infection and one of the main factors of poor prognosis for the patients.

scholarly journals Inferring True COVID19 Infection Rates From Deaths

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McCulloh ◽  
Kevin Kiernan ◽  
Trevor Kent
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as COVID19 has become a global pandemic in early 2020. The world has mounted a global social distancing intervention on a scale thought unimaginable prior to this outbreak; however, the economic impact and sustainability limits of this policy create significant challenges for government leaders around the world. Understanding the future spread and growth of COVID19 is further complicated by data quality issues due to high numbers of asymptomatic patients who may transmit the disease yet show no symptoms; lack of testing resources; failure of recovered patients to be counted; delays in reporting hospitalizations and deaths; and the co-morbidity of other life-threatening illnesses. We propose a Monte Carlo method for inferring true case counts from observed deaths using clinical estimates of Infection Fatality Ratios and Time to Death. Findings indicate that current COVID19 confirmed positive counts represent a small fraction of actual cases, and that even relatively effective surveillance regimes fail to identify all infectious individuals. We further demonstrate that the miscount also distorts officials' ability to discern the peak of an epidemic, confounding efforts to assess the efficacy of various interventions.

Regulation of tissue factor-induced coagulation and platelet aggregation in flowing whole blood

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Kuijpers ◽  
Cécile Nieuwenhuys ◽  
Marion Feijge ◽  
Willem Kloots ◽  
Peter Giesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Adp Receptor

SummaryPhotochemically induced thrombosis (a thrombin-dependent process) was measured in rats treated with moderate doses of anticoagulants, but which appeared to be unchanged. We considered the possibility that platelet-inhibiting agents, which also indirectly inhibit coagulation, would act as more potent antithrombotic agents.Inhibitors used as such were prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), which elevates cyclic AMP levels, and the P2Y12 ADP-receptor antagonist,AR-C69931MX. Effects of these agents were investigated in an ex vivo model system, in which whole blood under coagulant conditions was perfused over fibrinogen at defined wall shear rate. Perfusion of blood (rat or human) in the presence of tissue factor resulted in deposition of activated platelets and subsequent aggregate formation, along with exposure of procoagulant phosphatidylserine (PS) on the platelet surface and formation of fibrin fibers. In the presence of PGE1 aggregation was completely inhibited,but platelet adhesion and PS exposure were only party reduced, while fibrin formation was hardly affected. Treatment with AR-C69931MX caused similar, but less complete effects.These results indicate that in tissue factor- triggered blood under conditions of flow:(i) the platelet procoagulant response is independent of aggregate formation; (ii) the platelet-inhibiting effect of PGE1 and AR-C69931MX is sufficient to suppress aggregation, but not platelet adhesion and coagulation. These platelet inhibitors thus maintain their aggregation- inhibiting effect at sites of thrombin formation.

scholarly journals The Role of Glucocorticoids in the Management of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Vasileia Ismini Alexaki ◽  
Holger Henneicke
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Frontline Treatment ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by an infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic and poses an emergency to public health systems worldwide. COVID-19 is highly infectious and is characterized by an acute respiratory illness that varies from mild flu-like symptoms to the life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As such, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies, which combat the high mortality in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Glucocorticoids are a frontline treatment for a diverse range of inflammatory diseases. Due to their immunosuppressive functions, the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients was initially regarded with caution. However, recent studies concluded that the initiation of systemic glucocorticoids in patients suffering from severe and critical COVID-19 is associated with lower mortality. Herein we review the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids and discuss emerging issues in their clinical use in the context of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Desease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children: Lessons from Pediatric Rheumatology

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-479
Author(s):  
M. I. Kaleda ◽  
I. P. Nikishina ◽  
E. S. Fedorov ◽  
E. L. Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Rheumatology ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Information ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

The clinical presentation and outcomes of infection with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are characterized by exceptional variability in manifestations, which depend on many factors, one of which is the patient’s age. One of the severe life-threatening manifestations in adults is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), in some cases accompanied by the development of multiple organ failure. During the first two to three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global medical community was of the opinion that this disease in children is usually mild and not fatal. However, with the accumulation of new information, it became clear that there is a growing recognition of the existence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, chronologically associated with SARS-CoV-2, which can lead to serious consequences. The article presents the main epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the syndrome, as well as discusses the issues of its pathogenesis, differential diagnosis with a number of other acute conditions associated with an dysbalance of cytokines.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Thrombosis Predisposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Renata Gerculy ◽  
Camelia Libenciuc ◽  
Nora Rat ◽  
Monica Chitu ◽  
Imre Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease first appeared in Wuhan (China) is an infectious disease spreading throughout the world, causing life-threatening conditions in vulnerable or even healthy individuals. The great impact of this virus on healthcare urges physicians to investigate all aspects of the disease in order to overcome its complications. A particularly investigated aspect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is represented by the coagulation disorders among infected and critically ill patients. Several studies observed modified blood coagulation parameters such as D-dimers, fibrinogen, and coagulation times. Moreover, the severe thrombotic complications, mainly pulmonary embolism, could be responsible for the high mortality and poorer outcomes of COVID-19 infected patients. The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge related to thrombosis predisposition in patients infected with the new coronavirus.

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