Developing National Estimates of the Out-of-Pocket Costs of Cancer: The Importance of Including Patients with Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3138-3138
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. McCaffrey ◽  
Kenneth R. Carson ◽  
Lucie Kutikova ◽  
Matt Fisher ◽  
Simon Pickard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Out Of Pocket Costs

Abstract Background: While Congress has mandated that the NIH provide a national estimate of the cost of cancer, almost all cancer cost studies have focused exclusively on breast cancer. No study has reported comparison data for persons with Hodgkin’s disease (HD) or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). These illnesses have a high cure rate, and affected persons are likely to experience significant economic hardships. Many participate in the workforce during treatment and long after the treatment is complete. Herein, we report preliminary results from an ongoing study on the out-of-pocket direct medical and non-medical costs for a cohort of patients with lymphoma and provide contextual comparison with a cohort of breast cancer patients who received care at the same cancer center (Arozullah, Supportive Oncology, 2004). Methods: 178 breast cancer and lymphoma patients provided information on out-of-pocket costs for the preceding 3-month period; 12% had a diagnosis of HD or NHL. In total, 120 lymphoma patients will be interviewed for this study. Direct medical costs are costs related to medical care such as medications, procedures, and doctor visits. Direct non-medical costs are costs related to cancer, but not medical care, such as costs for meals, transportation, parking, and phone calls. Results: The majority of both lymphoma and breast cancer patients were < 65 years old, married, and employed. All patients had healthcare insurance coverage, with the majority insured with private plans. In comparison to women with breast cancer, persons with HD/NHL had similar mean monthly out-of-pocket cost expenditures, $635 versus $728. For lymphoma patients, factors associated with high direct medical costs included ≤ 12th grade education ($1,585/month) and HD ($1,133/month). Conclusion: Mean monthly out-of-pocket expenditures are similar for HD/NHL and breast cancer. Direct medical out-of-pocket expenditures for lymphoma vary. Direct medical expenditures are greatest for HD ($1,130), intermediate for aggressive NHL and breast cancer ($512–$597), and lowest for indolent NHL ($180). Comprehensive economic analyses of cancer should include a range of malignancies. Average Monthly Out-of-Pocket Costs for Lymphoma and Breast Cancer Patients. Direct Medical Cost Direct Medical Cost Direct Non-Medical Cost Direct Non-Medical Cost Lymphoma Breast Lymphoma Breast Household Income < $60,000 $381 $664 $40 $111 ≥ $60,000 $599 $553 $159 $161 Education ≤ 12th grade $1,585 $610 $72 $118 > 12th grade $437 $653 $141 $122 Diagnosis < 6 Months $577 $487 $114 $135 ≥ 6 Months $333 $660 $128 $130 Total Lymphoma $516 .. $119 .. HD $1,133 .. $155 .. AggressiveNHL $512 .. $167 .. Indolent NHL $180 .. $166 .. Total Breast Cancer .. $597 .. $131

COST OF ILLNESS PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT KANKER PAYUDARA DI RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
Noor Aisyah ◽  
◽  
Shela Puji Dina
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Economic Burden Of Disease ◽  
Direct Medical Costs

The cost of illness is an important element in disease decision making because it can evaluate the economic burden of disease. One of them is breast cancer because breast cancer is a catastrophic disease. This study aims to determine direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, indirect costs, and total costs based on a societal perspective in breast cancer patients at Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin. This study is an observational analytic study with a prevalence-based cost of illness approach. Data was taken retrospectively for direct medical costs collected from patient medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, patient treatment data, and details of direct medical costs for the period January-July 2020. Direct non-medical costs and indirect costs were taken from the results of filling out a questionnaire to Breast cancer patients who have undergone treatment in the inpatient room of RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Data analysis used descriptive statistics to identify patient characteristics and the costs of breast cancer. The results of the study, the average direct medical cost of breast cancer patients at Ulin Banjarmasin Hospital was Rp. 6,281,700. The average direct non-medical cost was Rp. 416,780 and the average indirect cost was Rp. 229,820. Meanwhile, the average overall cost per episode of inpatient was Rp. 6,928,300

Comparison of Out-of-Pocket Costs for Patients (pts) with Hodgkin’s Disease (HD), Indolent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (INHL) and Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (ANHL).

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2241-2241
Author(s):  
Kathryn McCaffrey ◽  
Matthew Fisher ◽  
Lucie Kutikova ◽  
Lee Bowman ◽  
Andrew Evens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Healthcare Insurance ◽  
Out Of Pocket Costs

Abstract Background We report preliminary results from an ongoing study on the out-of-pocket costs (costs incurred by a pt as a result of treatment and illness of cancer that are not covered by healthcare insurance) for a cohort of lymphoma pts. How out-of-pocket costs vary according to demographics such as household income and education were reported previously. Herein, we explore two clinical factors that may influence out-of-pocket costs. We compare costs for HD, INHL and ANHL by time since diagnosis (Dx) and treatment type (with or without rituximab) for NHL. Methods Lymphoma pts provided information on out-of-pocket costs for 3-month periods before and after lymphoma Dx. Difference between these costs was calculated. From current sample of 56 pts, 4 outliers with high costs preceding lymphoma Dx were excluded. Direct medical costs are costs related to medical care such as medications, procedures and doctor visits. Direct non-medical costs are peripheral costs related to cancer such as costs for meals, transportation, childcare, and phone calls. Dx date and treatment data were abstracted from pt medical charts. Results The majority of lymphoma pts were < 65 years old (76%), married (65%), and employed (58%). All pts were undergoing active treatment and had healthcare insurance coverage, with the majority insured with private plans (81%). 21% of pts were relapse pts; 25% of pts had stage I–II lymphoma, 44% had stage III–IV, and 31% had unknown stage. Median monthly total out-of-pocket costs for all lymphoma types were $374. Direct medical costs for HD pts were 1.9 and 1.1-fold higher than for INHL and ANHL pts, respectively. Direct non-medical costs were highest for ANHL. Total costs for NHL pts ≤ 3 months since Dx were 3.3-fold higher than for pts > 3 months since Dx, which was consistent by NHL subtype. Total costs for NHL pts undergoing treatment without rituximab were 3.5-fold higher than costs for pts with rituximab. Conclusion The median monthly out-of-pocket costs were greatest for HD ($457), followed by ANHL ($434) and INHL ($247), and were primarily driven by costs related to medical care. For NHL pts, factors associated with high costs included ≤ 3 months since Dx ($681) and treatment without rituximab ($813). It is important to consider the costs to individual pts to ensure more comprehensive economic analyses of cancer. Median Monthly Out-of-Pocket Costs N Direct Medical Cost $ (range) Direct Non-Medical Cost $ (range) Total Cost $ (range) *Dx date not confirmed for 1 NHL pt All Pts 52 271 (−67–3545) 50 (−56–850) 374 (0–3775) HD 15 311 (−67–3203) 27 (−56–410) 457 (0–3365)     ≤ 3 months since Dx 5 308 (−67–2033) 20 (−56–175) 328 (67–2048)     > 3 months since Dx 10 372 (0–3203) 94 (0–410) 561 (0–3365) NHL 37 225 (−33–3545) 50 (0–850) 286 (10–3775)     INHL 17 145 (−33–1928) 40 (0–850) 247 (10–2043)     ANHL 20 283 (−32–3545) 111 (0–600) 434 (30–3775)     + Rituximab 29 145 (−33–3545) 45 (0–600) 232 (10–3775)     − Rituximab 8 549 (100–850) 138 (28–850) 813 (137–1700)     ≤ 3 months since Dx 12 458 (42–3545) 108 (0–383) 681 (42–3775)     > 3 months since Dx 24* 141 (−33–2650) 42 (0–850)208 (10–3250)

scholarly journals Analisis Cost-Effectiveness Seftazidim Generik pada Pasien Kanker Payudara di Rumah Sakit Kanker “Dharmais” Jakarta, 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
NADIA FARHANAH SYAFHAN ◽  
AGUSDINI BANUN SAPTANINGSIH ◽  
MUTIARA JEANY RAHAYU PERTIWI
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost

ABSTRACTAdministration of ceftazidime shortened duration of neutropenia and hospitalization days in breast cancer patients who had infection after myelosupressive chemotherapy. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) as one of pharmacoeconomic methods was important to determine treatment attaining effect for lower cost. The aim of this study was to comparethe total direct medical cost and effectiveness, which was measured from length-of-stay (LOS), of generic ceftazidime A and B usage, and to decide which ceftazidime that was more cost-effective in early-stage and late-stage breast cancer patients at National Cancer Center Dharmais Hospital Jakarta year 2012. The study design was non-experimental withcomparative study retrospectively on secondary data from medical records and administrative data in 2012. Samples were taken by using total sampling method. The number of samples were 9 patients, which included 7 patients with generic ceftazidime A and 2 patients with generic ceftazidime B. The total direct medical cost of generic ceftazidime A in early-stage and late-stage breast cancer patients, respectively Rp 15.930.407,45 and Rp 15.962.519,25, were higher than generic B, respectively Rp 6.716.225,21 and Rp 7.147.956,92. Median LOS of generic A ceftazidime in early-stage and late-stage breast cancer patients, respectively 7 days and 10 days, were longer than generic B, respectively 3 days and 4 days. According to CEA result, generic ceftazidime B was more cost-effective than generic A.ABSTRAKPemberian seftazidim dapat mempersingkat durasi neutropenia dan lama hari rawat inap pada pasien kanker payudara yang mengalami infeksi setelah kemoterapi mielosupresif. Analisis cost-effectiveness merupakan salah satu metode farmakoekonomi yang penting untuk menentukan obat efektif dengan biaya yang lebih rendah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan total biaya medis langsung dan efektivitas yang dilihat dari lama hari rawat penggunaan seftazidim generik A dan B, serta menentukan seftazidim yang lebih cost-effective pada pasien kanker payudara stadium awal dan lanjut di Rumah Sakit Kanker “Dharmais” Jakarta, 2012. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi komparatif secara retrospektif terhadap data rekam medis dan administrasi tahun 2012. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Jumlah pasien yang dilibatkan dalam analisis 9 pasien, yaitu 7 pasien menggunakan seftazidim generik A dan 2 pasien menggunakan seftazidim generik B. Median total biaya medis langsung kelompok generik A pada pasien kanker stadium awal maupun lanjut berturut-turut sebesar Rp 15.930.407,45 dan Rp 15.962.519,25 lebih tinggi dibanding generik B, berturut-turut sebesar Rp 6.716.225,21 dan Rp 7.147.956,92. Median lama hari rawat kelompok generik A pada pasien kanker stadium awal maupun lanjut berturut-turut 7 hari dan 10 hari, lebih panjang dibanding generik B, berturut-turut 3 hari dan 4 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa seftazidim generik B lebih cost-effective dibanding generik A.

scholarly journals MEDICAL CARE FOR BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN THE AMUR REGION FOR THE PERIOD 1999–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov F. Pisareva ◽  
Irina O. Spivakova ◽  
Nina P. Lyakhova ◽  
Irina N. Odintsova ◽  
Tatyana N. Korobkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Tuberculosis Diabetes Co-Morbidity in Tuberculosis Patients Attending Two Chest Clinics in Lagos State

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
F.A. Ayeni ◽  
O.O. Oyetunde ◽  
B.A. Aina ◽  
H.O. Yarah
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Significant Burden

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) three-fold. The cost of accessing care for TB-DM co-morbidity poses a significant burden on patients, as they bear both direct and indirect costs of treatment, mostly of out-of-pocket.Objective: To estimate the direct medical cost of illness in patients with TB-DM co-morbidity in two chest clinics in Lagos State.Materials and Methods: An observational study, carried out in two chest clinics in Lagos State to evaluate direct medical costs associated with TBDM co-morbidity during TB treatment. A semi structured questionnaire, pharmacy price list of drugs and an online transportation service lara.ng was employed to document and quantify prescribed medications, laboratory investigations, number of clinic attendance and attendant transportation costs.Results: Among the participants, 53.8% were females. The mean age was 50.7±9.7 years. The total direct medical and non-medical costs for TBDM management was NGN8,604,819 (USD24,585.20) for the duration of TB treatment. Average cost per patient (CPP) was NGN179,384.85 (USD512.53). This was equivalent to 49.8% of the current national minimum wage. Male patients incurred more mean direct medical cost than female patients (NGN26, 647.90 vs NGN24, 020.40), while female patients incurred more mean direct non-medical costs than the males (NGN22, 314.30 versus NGN13, 041.70). Patients aged 60 years and above incurred the highest mean direct costs compared to other age groups.Conclusion: Direct medical costs are substantial in TBDM co-morbidity and increase with age.

scholarly journals Estimating the Direct Medical Cost of Syphilis in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zi Gong ◽  
Kui Ru Hu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Xia Wan ◽  
He Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract Background Few studies investigating the direct medical cost of syphilis was conducted in developing countries, including China. Methods The main tasks of our study were to estimate the direct medical costs of syphilis in China at subnational level, and to characterize the distribution of the direct medical cost of syphilis in 31 Chinese provincial districts in relation to GDP. Data on medical expenses for syphilis patients diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) was used to estimate direct medical cost per case, which was then multiplied by the number of newly reported cases of syphilis in China to yield the absolute medical cost for syphilis. Relative costs, defined as the absolute costs in per million of gross domestic product (GDP), was also calculated. Comparisons of direct medical cost represented as absolute cost and relative cost respectively, in different years and different provincial districts were conducted. Gini index was used to characterize the distribution of syphilis cases and direct medical cost of syphilis at provincial level. Results Average cost of patients with follow-up more than 36 month was regarded as the most reasonable estimate of direct medical cost per case, and was obtained as US $ 134.43 in primary syphilis, US $ 119.24 in secondary syphilis, US $ 503.76 in tertiary syphilis and US $ 97.59 in latent syphilis. Absolute medical cost of syphilis in China increased from US $ 11.15 million to US $46.89 million from 2004 to 2016. Relative cost in China increased from 2.85 to 5.26 per million of GDP from 2004 to 2010, and decreased from 5.26 to 3.99 per million of GDP from 2010 to 2016. The largest relative cost was always observed in western region. Between 2009 and 2016, a large relative medical cost was observed in 7 to 9 provinces in western region, 3 to 5 provinces in eastern region, 1 to 4 provinces in central region, 1 to 2 provinces in northeastern region. The level of inequality decreased from 2010 to 2016, and kept a continuously moderate equality from 2012 to 2016. Conclusion This study provided a rough estimate of the direct medical costs of syphilis in China and its distribution pattern in 31 Chinese provincial districts. The results highlight that syphilis caused a huge economic burden in China, which distributed disproportionally within provinces. Western region bore a huge and increasing economic burden, while the economic burden in eastern region had once been huge, but tending to decline. Thus, more active and effective control are needed, and strategies on the prevention and control of syphilis be managed according to local conditions.

scholarly journals PCN128 EFFECTS AND MEDICAL COSTS OF A STRUCTURED PSYCHOSOCIAL GROUP INTERVENTION FOR BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AFTER SURGERY

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. A276
Author(s):  
K Shimozuma ◽  
T Shiroiwa ◽  
Y Sagara ◽  
R Tobata ◽  
H Ueo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Treatment pattern and direct medical costs of pediatric outpatients with actuate respiratory infection at X hospital in Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Hendri Pranata ◽  
Rasmaladewi Rasmaladewi ◽  
Mukhlis Sanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Total Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
Pediatric Outpatients

Introduction: Acute respiratory infection is common among the general public. Such disease and its associated symptoms encourage higher consumption of medicine. Varied medications for ARI patients incur different costs of each patient, which eventually lead to higher healthcare costs. Objectives: To identify the treatment patterns and direct medical costs among ARI pediatric patients at X Hospital in Jambi. Methods: This research was an observational study with retrospective data collection. The samples were collected in 2018. Results: The results showed that the most-frequently administered antibiotic for ARI pediatric patients was cefixime (29.17%), while the most-commonly used supportive therapy for ARI pediatric patients was the combination of antihistamines, antipyretics-analgesics, decongestant, and corticosteroid (16.67%). The total direct medical cost to ARI pediatric patients was IDR 191,097. Conclusion: The mean direct medical cost for ARI therapy was IDR 191,097. More administered therapy resulted in higher medical costs. Keywords: ARI, child, antibiotics, direct medical costs

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