scholarly journals Tumor Markers in Diagnosis and Follow up of Haematologic Malignancies

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 5337-5337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zisis Kontoninas ◽  
Georgia D Kaiafa ◽  
Zoi Saouli ◽  
Christos G Savopoulos ◽  
Didangelos Triantafyllos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
High Disease Burden

Abstract Purpose: Τo estimate the incidence of abnormal values of tumor markers CA 15-3, CA125, CA19-9 and CEA at diagnosis and relapse/deterioration or remission of patients with hematological malignancies. Also, correlating them with the burden of disease at diagnosis and relapse/deterioration or remission of the above diseases. Material-methods: Studied 268 patients, aged 16-95 years, who suffered from 14 hematological malignancies: myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), idiopathic thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Hodgkin's and Non- Hodgkin's(NHL) lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (M.M.), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), mastocytosis, hairy cell leukemia and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Tumor markers were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method, based on the principle of double immunofluorescence conducted by analyzer Hitachi Modular E170, subunit Elecsys. Results: Tumor marker CA15-3 showed pathological values at diagnosis of hematological malignancies, except MDS and AML, which correlate with high disease burden at diagnosis of essential thrombocytosis(p <0,05), polycythemia vera(p <0.05) and NHL(p <0,001). Tumor marker CA125 had abnormal values at diagnosis of NHL and M.M, which correlate with high disease burden at diagnosis of NHL(p <0,01). CA19-9 and CEA showed no pathological values at diagnosis of hematological malignancies. CA15-3 showed pathological values at relapse/ deterioration of hematological malignancies, except for AML and ALL. These values correlate with the degree of relapse/deterioration of MDS(p <0,001), idiopathic thrombocytosis(p <0,01), lymphoma Hodgkin's(p <0,05), NHL(p <0,001) and CLL (p <0,01). CA125 showed pathological values at relapse/deterioration of M.M, NHL and CLL. These values correlate with the degree of relapse/deterioration of NHL(p <0,01) and CLL(p <0,05). CEA had pathological values at relapse/deterioration of M.M. CA19-9 had no significant findings at relapse/deterioration of hematological malignancies. Pathological values of CA15-3 decreased to normal levels during the remission of hematological malignancies, apart from MDS, primary myelofibrosis and AML. Decline of these values correlate with the degree of remission of Hodgkin's lymphomas(p <0,05), NHL(p <0,001), CLL(p <0,01) and idiopathic thrombocytosis (p <0,01). Pathological values of CA125 decreased to normal levels during the remission of M.M, NHL and CLL. Decline of these values correlate with the degree of remission of NHL(p <0,01) and CLL(p <0,05). CA19-9 and CEA had no significant findings at remission of hematological malignancies. Conclusions: CA15-3 is a surrogate marker at diagnosis of hematological malignancies, other than MDS and AML. It can determine relapse/deterioration or remission in idiopathic thrombocytosis, MDS, NHL, Hodgkin's lymphomas and CLL. CA125 is a surrogate marker at diagnosis of NHL and M.M. It can determine relapse/deterioration or remission in NHL and CLL. CEA can help detect relapse/ deterioration in M.M. CA19-9 has no value in diagnosing and monitoring of hematological malignancies. Further studies in this area will likely bring new knowledge about tumor markers and their utility in current practice. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Serum Tumor Markers in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Pavlidis ◽  
J. Kalef-Ezra ◽  
L.C. Bourantas ◽  
A. Lambrou ◽  
A. Mavridis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Normal Controls

The levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R), beta-2 microglobulin (β-2M), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in the serum of 50 previously untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as in 25 age and sex-matched normal controls. Compared to normal controls, mean serum levels of sIL-2R and β-2M were significantly increased in both NHL and CLL (p < 0.001) while the increase in ESR and CRP was less marked (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Comparison of these tumor markers with histologic grading showed statistically significant differences only for CRP between low, intermediate and high-grade lymphomas (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). More advanced stages exhibited higher mean values of all serum markers than early stages (p < 0.001 for sIL-2R, β-2M and ESR and p < 0.05 for CRP). An association with the presence of b-symptoms was observed only for sIL-2R (p < 0.05). In addition, sIL-2R as well as β-2M were able to predict time to progression in patients with diffuse large-cell lymphomas. We conclude that of the four tumor markers tested sIL-2R and β-2M more frequently showed increased serum levels and were associated with clinical stage and/or presence of b-symptoms. Both sIL-2R and β-2M were also found to have prognostic significance for survival.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with hematological malignancies in Lahore city, Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. A. Awan ◽  
N. Farooq ◽  
A. Sarwar ◽  
H. M. S. Jehangir ◽  
M. S. Hashmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Banding Technique ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Hematological and hematopoietic cells malignancies of the genes and hematopoietic cells are associated with the genetic mutation, often at the chromosomal level. The standard cytogenetic study is widely accepted as one of the main diagnostics and prognostic determinants in patients. Therefore, the current descriptive and cross-sectional study sought to determine the cytogenetic analysis of frequent hematological malignancies in Pakistan. A total of 202 peripheral bone marrow or blood samples from patients with benign and malignant hematological malignancy were taken using a conventional G-banding technique. Among enrolled patients, the mean age was 21.5 years ± 23.4, and gender-wise distribution showed a marked predominance of the male 147 (73%) population compared to the female 55 (27%). Patients in the age group (2-10 years) had the highest frequency, 48 (24%), of hematological neoplasms, followed by age (11-20 years) with 40 (20%). Normal karyotypes (46, XX/46, XY) was found in 51% (n=103) patients. Furthermore, the frequency of complex karyotype was 30 (15%), while normal was seen in 171 (85%) patients. Pre-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Pre-B ALL) was the most prevalent malignancy of 66 (33%), followed by Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) of 41 (20%) and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia of 29 (14%). Translocation was the most prevalent 50 (25%), followed by hypotriploidy 14 (7%) and monosomy 8 (4%) on chromosome aberration analysis. In addition, t(9:22) translocation was found to be 20 (10%) in CML, with the majority in the age group (31-40 years). This study recommends that karyotyping should be tested frequently in hematological conditions because it may provide insight into the relative chromosomal changes associated with particular malignancies.

576 PREDICTORS OF HIGH DISEASE BURDEN IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RECURRENT OR CHRONIC PANCREATITIS*

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-112-S-113
Author(s):  
Aliye Uc ◽  
Laura Rubin ◽  
Gretchen Cress ◽  
Ying Yuan ◽  
Mark Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
High Disease Burden

scholarly journals Publication of Tumor Marker Research Results: The Necessity for Complete and Transparent Reporting

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34) ◽  
pp. 4223-4232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. McShane ◽  
Daniel F. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness Research ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selective Reporting ◽  
Effectiveness Research ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Transparent Reporting

Clinical management decisions for patients with cancer are increasingly being guided by prognostic and predictive markers. Use of these markers should be based on a sufficiently comprehensive body of unbiased evidence to establish that benefits to patients outweigh harms and to justify expenditure of health care dollars. Careful assessments of the clinical utility of markers by using comparative effectiveness research methods are urgently needed to more rigorously summarize and evaluate the evidence, but multiple factors have made such assessments difficult. The literature on tumor markers is plagued by nonpublication bias, selective reporting, and incomplete reporting. Several measures to address these problems are discussed, including development of a tumor marker study registry, greater attention to assay analytic performance and specimen quality, use of more rigorous study designs and analysis plans to establish clinical utility, and adherence to higher standards for reporting tumor marker studies. More complete and transparent reporting by adhering to criteria such as BRISQ [Biospecimen Reporting for Improved Study Quality] criteria for reporting details about specimens and REMARK [Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies] criteria for reporting a multitude of aspects relating to study design, analysis, and results, is essential for reliable assessment of study quality, detection of potential biases, and proper interpretation of study findings. Adopting these measures will improve the quality of the body of evidence available for comparative effectiveness research and enhance the ability to establish the clinical utility of prognostic and predictive tumor markers.

Proteomic Approaches to Tumor Marker Discovery

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (12) ◽  
pp. 1518-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Rai ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Jason Rosenzweig ◽  
Ie-ming Shih ◽  
Thang Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Bioinformatics Tools ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Context.—Current tumor markers for ovarian cancer still lack adequate sensitivity and specificity to be applicable in large populations. High-throughput proteomic profiling and bioinformatics tools allow for the rapid screening of a large number of potential biomarkers in serum, plasma, or other body fluids. Objective.—To determine whether protein profiles of plasma can be used to identify potential biomarkers that improve the detection of ovarian cancer. Design.—We analyzed plasma samples that had been collected between 1998 and 2001 from patients with sporadic ovarian serous neoplasms before tumor resection at various International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages (stage I [n = 11], stage II [n = 3], and stage III [n = 29]) and from women without known neoplastic disease (n = 38) using proteomic profiling and bioinformatics. We compared results between the patients with and without cancer and evaluated their discriminatory performance against that of the cancer antigen 125 (CA125) tumor marker. Results.—We selected 7 biomarkers based on their collective contribution to the separation of the 2 patient groups. Among them, we further purified and subsequently identified 3 biomarkers. Individually, the biomarkers did not perform better than CA125. However, a combination of 4 of the biomarkers significantly improved performance (P ≤ .001). The new biomarkers were complementary to CA125. At a fixed specificity of 94%, an index combining 2 of the biomarkers and CA125 achieves a sensitivity of 94% (95% confidence interval, 85%–100.0%) in contrast to a sensitivity of 81% (95% confidence interval, 68%–95%) for CA125 alone. Conclusions.—The combined use of bioinformatics tools and proteomic profiling provides an effective approach to screen for potential tumor markers. Comparison of plasma profiles from patients with and without known ovarian cancer uncovered a panel of potential biomarkers for detection of ovarian cancer with discriminatory power complementary to that of CA125. Additional studies are required to further validate these biomarkers.

scholarly journals Genomics research in Africa and its impact on global health: insights from African researchers

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Munung ◽  
B. M. Mayosi ◽  
J. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
High Disease Burden

Africa may be heading for an era of genomics medicine. There are also expectations that genomics may play a role in reducing global health inequities. However, the near lack of genomics studies on African populations has led to concerns that genomics may widen, rather than close, the global health inequity gap. To prevent a possible genomics divide, the genomics ‘revolution’ has been extended to Africa. This is motivated, in part, by Africa's rich genetic diversity and high disease burden. What remains unclear, however, are the prospects of using genomics technology for healthcare in Africa. In this qualitative study, we explored the views of 17 genomics researchers in Africa on the prospects and challenges of genomics medicine in Africa. Interviewees were researchers in Africa who were involved in genomics research projects in Africa. Analysis of in-depth interviews suggest that genomics medicine may have an impact on disease surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. However, Africa's capacity for genomics medicine, current research priorities in genomics and the translation of research findings will be key defining factors impacting on the ability of genomics medicine to improve healthcare in Africa.

scholarly journals Elevated Expression of the Apoptotic Regulator Mcl-1 at the Time of Leukemic Relapse

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott H. Kaufmann ◽  
Judith E. Karp ◽  
Phyllis A. Svingen ◽  
Stan Krajewski ◽  
Philip J. Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Leukemic Relapse ◽  
Acute Myelogenous ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibitor

Abstract Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 are three related intracellular polypeptides that have been implicated as negative regulators of apoptosis. In contrast, the partner protein Bax acts as a positive regulator of apoptosis. Based on the observation that all four of these polypeptides are expressed in a variety of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, cellular levels of these polypeptides were examined by immunoblotting in bone marrow samples harvested from 123 adult AML patients and 36 adult ALL patients before initial antileukemic therapy. Levels of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bax each varied over a more than 10-fold range in different pretreatment leukemia specimens. When the 54 AML and 23 ALL samples that contained greater than 80% malignant cells were examined in greater detail, it was observed that pretreatment levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 correlated with each other (R = .44,P < .001 for AML and R = .79,P < .0001 for ALL). In addition, a weak negative correlation between Bax expression and age was observed in AML samples (R = −0.35, P < .02) but not ALL samples. There was no relationship between pretreatment levels of these polypeptides and response to initial therapy. However, examination of 19 paired samples (the first harvested before chemotherapy and the second harvested 23 to 290 days later at the time of leukemic recurrence) revealed a greater than or equal to twofold increase in Mcl-1 levels in 10 of 19 pairs (7 of 15 AML and 3 of 4 ALL) at recurrence. In contrast, 2 of 19 pairs contained twofold less Mcl-1 at the time of recurrence. Approximately equal numbers of samples showed twofold increases and decreases in Bcl-2 (5 increases, 3 decreases) and Bcl-xL (1 increase, 4 decreases) at recurrence. Bax levels did not show a twofold decrease in any patient. These results, coupled with recent observations that cells overexpressing Mcl-1 are resistant to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, raise the possibility that some chemotherapeutic regimens might select for leukemia cells with elevated levels of this particular apoptosis inhibitor.

scholarly journals Introduction of new tumor marker age score in clinical practice: Validity evaluation for differentiation benign from malignant adnexal masses

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Ivana Likic-Ladjevic ◽  
Milan Terzic ◽  
Nebojsa Ladjevic ◽  
Jelena Dotlic ◽  
Igor Pilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Adnexal Masses ◽  
Combined Tumor ◽  
Adnexal Tumor ◽  
Adnexal Tumors

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine several tumor markers and their correlation with pathohistological findings in patients with adnexal masses. METHODS: Study involved 139 patients, 84 of them with benign, 47 with malignant and 8 with borderline adnexal tumor. Levels of CA 125, CA 19-9, CEA and CA 15-3 were obtained preoperatively and assessed regarding the specific pathohistological diagnose and the patient?s age. Obtaining these results led us to divide the patient?s CA 125 levels with age and by doing that we have attained a new Tumor Marker Age score (TMA score). Results: Patients with malignant adnexal tumors had significantly higher levels of CEA (p<0.05), CA 125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 tumor markers (p<0.01), in comparison with patients with benign tumors. TMA score highly statistically correlate with the tumor type (benignant/malignant). CONCLUSIONS: With the increase of tumor marker levels and the patient?s age the malignant nature of adnexal tumors is more often. Results of our study highlight the importance of the use of combined tumor markers (at least CA-125 and CA 19-9) in women with adnexal masses. Those levels along with the patient?s age and new TMA score could preoperatively predict malignant nature of the tumor.

scholarly journals JAK2V617F mutation in a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Ristic ◽  
Milica Radojkovic ◽  
Tatjana Kostic ◽  
Vesna Spasovski ◽  
Sonja Pavlovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Primary Myelofibrosis ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Jak2v617f Mutation ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Clones

Introduction. Secondary malignancies, particularly solid tumors, are common in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but association of myeloproliferative neoplasms and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the same patient is very rare. Case Outline. We report of a 67-year-old man with B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia (B-CLL) who developed primary myelofibrosis (PMF) nine years after initial diagnosis. Patient received alkylation agents and purine analogue, which can be a predisposing factor for the development of myeloproliferative neoplasms. JAK2V617F mutation was not present initially at the time of CLL diagnosis, but was found after nine years when PMF occurred, which indicates that B-CLL and PMF represent two separate clonal origin neoplasms. Conclusion. Pathogenic mechanisms for the development of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative neoplasms in the same patient are unknown. Further research is needed to determine whether these malignancies originate from two different cell clones or arise from the same pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.

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