scholarly journals Clinical relevance of mixed respiratory viral infections in adults with influenza A H1N1

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Marcos ◽  
S. Ramon ◽  
A. Anton ◽  
E. Martinez ◽  
A. Vilella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

scholarly journals Concomitant Infections of Influenza A H1N1 and Disseminated Cryptococcosis in an HIV Seropositive Patient

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Gupta ◽  
Malini R Capoor ◽  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Harish Chand Sachdeva
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Seropositive Patient ◽  
Seropositive Individual ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

ABSTRACTRespiratory viral infections, especially influenza have a potential to form a fatal association with cryptococcosis in the setting of compromised immunity. Considering the lethality of these two infections, we report an unusual case of dual infection of pandemic influenza A H1N1 and disseminated cryptococcosis in an HIV seropositive individual.

scholarly journals ЕPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND СLINICAL FEATURES OF INFLUENZA IN CHILDREN IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY IN THE EPIDEMIC PERIOD OF 2015–2016 AND 2016–2017 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
S. M. Bezrodnova ◽  
N. A. Yatsenko ◽  
O. O. Kravchenko ◽  
Sh. M. Khurtsilava
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Microcirculation Disturbance ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Objective: to study the clinical and epidemiological features of influenza in children in the Stavropol Territory.Materials and methods: influenza prevalence is analyzed from 2015 to 2017 the paper used the data from the Territorial Rospotrebnadzor in the Stavropol Territory. We used the following methods: bibliographic, monographic description, epidemiological, analytical, statistical methods.Results: Among the deciphered acute respiratory viral infections, the specific gravity of influenza A (H1N1) 09 in 2016 reached 78%, and in 2017 influenza B prevailed – in 57,4% of children, and influenza A (H3N2) – in 42,6% of cases. In 2016 68,5% of children under 6 years of age, of all admitted, were hospitalized, and in 2017 – 83,86%. We presented the peculiarities of the course of influenza in different epidemic seasons.Conclusion: Unvaccinated children up to 6 years of age have the disease mainly in severe forms and with complications. The epidemic period began to increase in 2015–2016 at week 52, and in 2016–2017 from week 48, ended at week 13 and at week 17. At the epidemic of 2015–2016, intoxication syndrome with chills, microcirculation disturbance, catarrhal syndrome, ARDS prevailed in the clinical picture. The epidemic season of 2016–2017 was characterized by intoxication syndrome, encephalic reaction, hemorrhagic and myalgic syndromes.

scholarly journals Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Spiros Vlahopoulos ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Yaoyao Xue ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Istvan Boldogh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Epigenetic Mark ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Syncytial Virus

The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying risk factors.A major obstacle in disease prevention is the lack of appropriate efficacious vaccine(s) due to continuous changes in the encoding capacity of the viral genome, exuberant responsiveness of the host immune system and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Current management of these severe respiratory viral infections is limited to supportive clinical care. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure, partially due to endothelial pulmonary complications, including edema. The latter is induced by the loss of alveolar epithelium integrity and by pathological changes in the endothelial vascular network that regulates blood flow, blood fluidity, exchange of fluids, electrolytes, various macromolecules and responses to signals triggered by oxygenation, and controls trafficking of leukocyte immune cells. This overview outlines the latest understanding of the implications of pulmonary vascular endothelium involvement in respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral infections. In addition, the roles of infection-induced cytokines, growth factors, and epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial permeability, as well as emerging treatment options to decrease disease burden, are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of ARVI treatment regimen including etiotropic (enisamium iodide) and symptomatic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
D. A. Lioznov ◽  
E. J. Karnaukhova ◽  
T. G. Zubkova ◽  
E. V. Shakhlanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of the use of the antiviral drug enisamium iodide in the complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) caused by various pathogens in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods. А prospective randomized study included 134 patients who were treated in the epidemic season of influenza and ARVI in 20182019. All patients were examined for the presence of influenza A and B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronaviruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses in nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR. Patients of the main group received enisamium iodide along with symptomatic therapy, the control group received only symptomatic therapy. The primary parameter of the effectiveness of therapy was evaluated on the scale of the general severity of the manifestations of ARVI (Total Symptom Score TSS) from the 2nd to the 4th day and by the secondary criteria of effectiveness: assessment of the duration of ARVI, the severity of fever, the proportion of patients with normal body temperature, the duration of the main clinical symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, the proportion of patients in whom complications requiring antibiotics were noted, the dynamics of interferon status on the 6th day. To conduct a statistical analysis, depending on the efficiency parameter, the ANCOVA method with a fixed group factor and an initial score on the TSS severity scale was used as covariates, a criterion for comparing quantitative indicators in two independent groups. Results. According to the results of the analysis of the primary efficacy parameter, the median (interquartile range) of the average score on the scale of the general severity of ARVI manifestations in the main group was 4.33 (3.675.83), in the comparison group 6.00 (4.677.25; p0.001). The duration of systemic and local manifestations of acute respiratory viral infections was statistically significantly less in the main group (p=0.002 and p=0.019, respectively). Prescription of additional therapy was required in 2 (2.9%) patients of the main group (patients taking enisamium iodide), compared with 8 (11.9%) patients in the control group. Serum levels of interferon  and interferon  on the last day of treatment were statistically significantly higher in patients of the main group compared with the control group (p0.001). Treatment (excellent) was evaluated by 42 (62.7%) patients, while in the control group only 17 (25.8%) patients gave similar ratings. Both patients (p0.001) and doctors (p0.002) rated therapy tolerance better in the study group. Conclusion. The results confirmed the safety and effectiveness of enisamium iodide as a treatment for ARVI and influenza. The antiviral, interferonogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the drug are involved in the formation of an antiviral response and reduce the risk of complications, which makes it possible to reduce the number of symptomatic agents used.

Impaired Hemostasis Leads To Alveolar Hemorrhages and Increased Mortality In Influenza A Infection

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 1095-1095
Author(s):  
Silvio Antoniak ◽  
Kohei Tatsumi ◽  
Justin Milner ◽  
Melinda Beck ◽  
Nigel Mackman
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Littermate Control ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract Objective Viral infections lead to activation of coagulation which enhances inflammatory responses. For instance, influenza A is associated with activation of coagulation and the increased risk for thrombotic events, such as myocardial infarction. Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4) is the main functional receptor on mouse platelets. Here, we investigated the role of tissue factor (TF) and platelets in influenza A infection in mice. Methods We used male LowTF mice, which express 1% of normal TF levels, PAR-4 deficient mice and respective control mice. All mice were infected intranasal with influenza A H1N1/PR8. Changes in body weights and survival were analyzed up to 14 days after infection. In addition, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected and analyzed 7 days after virus challenge. Results LowTF mice exhibited increased loss of body weights compared to littermate control mice between day 4 and 6 after infection (P<0.05). At day 7, BAL of LowTF had increased levels of free hemoglobin compared to infected control mice (2.60±0.39 g/dL vs. 0.05±0.02 g/dL, P<0.05). In addition, LowTF lungs exhibited increased protein levels in the BAL compared to controls (1.52±0.18 mg/mL vs. 0.70±0.26 mg/mL, P<0.05). Lung histology revealed that LowTF mice had extensive hemorrhages. The impaired hemostasis resulted in increased mortality in LowTF mice compared to control mice (90% vs 30%, P<0.004, N=9-10, Figure). Similarly, mice with defective thrombin signaling in platelets (PAR-4-/-) exhibited visible lung hemorrhages with increased hemoglobin levels in the BAL (P<0.05) at day 7 and increased mortality compared to controls (57% vs 10%, P<0.03, N=9-14, Figure). Conclusions TF mediated activation of coagulation and PAR-4 dependent platelet activation are essential for pulmonary hemostasis during influenza A infection. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Burden of respiratory viral infections among inmates of a Ghanaian prison

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
Alexander Kwarteng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Regional Capital

Abstract Respiratory viral infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Information on circulating respiratory viruses among prisoners is lacking, although this is of public health importance and knowledge would assist in putting in place preventive measures to forestall disease outbreaks. The aim of this study therefore was to get the footprint of such diseases that have epidemic potential to be described and quantified for control. Prisoners on remand numbering 203 in a prison in Kumasi, the Ashanti Regional capital, were interviewed using prevalidated questionnaire, nasopharyngeal samples taken and screened by real-time PCR for common respiratory viruses in February, 2018. Of the total number of 203 participants enrolled, majority were males (n = 198, 97.54%). The modal age unsurprisingly was in the active working class of 18 to 35 years (n = 155, 76.36%) with 48 (23.65%) of participants older than 35 years. Inmates reported nasal congestion (n = 83, 40.89%), cough with or without pharyngitis (n =108, 53.20%) and fever (n = 74, 39.48%). Viruses detected in throat samples were Influenza A (n = 1, 0.49%) and Rhinovirus (n = 8, 3.94%). There was no statistically significant association between respiratory virus positivity and age (p = 0.118), gender (p > 0.900), duration of incarceration (p = 0.239) and reported symptoms (p = 0.724). The prison population may have a lower prevalence of respiratory viruses circulating in them. This may be dominated by those with high antigenic diversity.

scholarly journals Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated is required for the development of protective immune memory after influenza A virus infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (5) ◽  
pp. L591-L601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Warren ◽  
William Domm ◽  
Min Yee ◽  
Andrew Campbell ◽  
Jane Malone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Cell Memory ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), caused by mutations in the A-T mutated ( ATM) gene, is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting ∼1 in 40,000–100,000 children. Recurrent respiratory infections are a common and challenging comorbidity, often leading to the development of bronchiectasis in individuals with A-T. The role of ATM in development of immune memory in response to recurrent respiratory viral infections is not well understood. Here, we infect wild-type (WT) and Atm-null mice with influenza A virus (IAV; HKx31, H3N2) and interrogate the immune memory with secondary infections designed to challenge the B cell memory response with homologous infection (HKx31) and the T cell memory response with heterologous infection (PR8, H1N1). Although Atm-null mice survived primary and secondary infections, they lost more weight than WT mice during secondary infections. This enhanced morbidity to secondary infections was not attributed to failure to effectively clear virus during the primary IAV infection. Instead, Atm-null mice developed persistent peribronchial inflammation, characterized in part by clusters of B220+ B cells. Additionally, levels of select serum antibodies to hemagglutinin-specific IAV were significantly lower in Atm-null than WT mice. These findings reveal that Atm is required to mount a proper memory response to a primary IAV infection, implying that vaccination of children with A-T by itself may not be sufficiently protective against respiratory viral infections.

Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives as new antiviral and immune modulate agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Baltina ◽  
Rimma Kondratenko
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Amino Sugars ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

: A search of new drugs for the treatment of viral infections and immune deficiencies of various etiologies is still one of the most important tasks of medicinal chemistry, pharmacy and medicine due to the wide spread of a number socially dangerous viral infections. This review is devoted to the chemical modification of Glycyrrhizic acid, the main component of licorice root, which is currently a leading natural glycoside promising as a basis for creation of new antiviral agents. The review presents the results of studies conducted over the past 15 years to obtain a library of Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives for biological studies and search of lead compounds. The synthesis of new biologically active derivatives and analogues (conjugates with amino acids and dipeptides, amino sugars, licorice triterpene acids conjugates with amino sugars, saponins and mono glycosides, heterocyclic amides) was carried out , and their antiviral and immune modulate properties were studied. Potent inhibitors of HIV, SARS CoV, Epstein-Barr, influenza A/H1N1 viruses and stimulators of primary immune response were found among GL derivatives and analogues produced.

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