Maternal body mass index, neonatal lung function and respiratory symptoms in childhood

Recent studies have shown that maternal obesity is associated with increased risk of wheezing in the offspring. We assessed whether impaired neonatal lung function could explain this association.We measured neonatal lung function in 2606 children of our prospective birth cohort. Information about daily symptoms of wheezing was obtained using questionnaires. Consultations and prescriptions for wheezing illnesses were derived from general practitioner patient files.Higher maternal body mass index (BMI) was associated with increased risk of wheezing in the first year of life and more consultations and prescriptions for wheezing illnesses until the age of 5 years. Lung function could partially explain the association with wheezing in the first year of life. Adding respiratory resistance to the model decreased the incidence rate ratio from 1.023 (95% CI 1.008–1.039) to 1.015 (95% CI 0.998–1.032). Anthropometrics of the 5-year-olds largely explained the association with consultations. Intermediates or confounders could not explain the association with prescriptions.There is an association between higher maternal BMI and increased risk of wheezing illnesses. In the first year of life, it is largely explained by an impaired lung function in early life, especially in children of nonatopic mothers. At the age of 5 years, infant lung function is of minor influence in this association.

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Maternal Body Mass Index and Breastfeeding Non-Initiation and Cessation: A Quantitative Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092684 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2684

Author(s):

Kyoko Nomura ◽

Sachiko Minamizono ◽

Kengo Nagashima ◽

Mariko Ono ◽

Naomi Kitano

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Quantitative Review ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses

This study aims to investigate which maternal body mass index (BMI) categories are associated with the non-initiation or cessation of breastfeeding (BF) based on a quantitative review of the literature. We searched Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCO CINAHL for peer-reviewed articles published between 1946 (MEDLINE) or 1981 (CINAHL), and 2019. Selected studies were either cross-sectional or cohort studies, of healthy mothers and infants, that reported nutrition method (exclusive/full or any) and period (initiation/duration/cessation) of breastfeeding according to maternal BMI levels. Pairwise meta-analyses of 57 studies demonstrated that the pooled odds risks (OR) of not initiating BF among overweight and obese mothers compared to normal weight mothers were significant across 29 (OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.54, I2 = 98%) and 26 studies (OR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.33–1.95, I2 = 99%), respectively; the pooled risks for BF cessation were inconsistent in overweight and obese mothers with substantial heterogeneity. However, we found that overweight mothers (n = 10, hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07–1.25; I2 = 23%) and obese mothers (n = 7, HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27–1.65; I2 = 44%) were both associated with an increased risk of not continuing any BF and exclusive BF, respectively. Overweight and obese mothers may be at increased risk of not initiating or the cessation of breastfeeding.

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Pre-gestational maternal body mass index predicts an increased risk of congenital malformations in infants of mothers with gestational diabetes

Diabetic Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01492.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 775-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

M. L. Martinez-Frias ◽

J. P. Frias ◽

E. Bermejo ◽

E. Rodriguez-Pinilla ◽

L. Prieto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Body Mass ◽

Congenital Malformations ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Increased Risk

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Changes in Maternal Body Mass Index, Weight Gain and Outcome of Singleton Pregnancies from 2000 to 2015

Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde ◽

10.1055/a-1110-0859 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (05) ◽

pp. 508-517

Author(s):

Kathrin Noever ◽

Julia Schubert ◽

Edith Reuschel ◽

Nina Timmesfeld ◽

Birgit Arabin

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Mass ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Early Stage ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Short Term ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Introduction Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) affect the outcomes of women and their offspring. Our aim was to evaluate population-based data from Germany. Material and Methods Data from 583 633/791 514 mother-child pairs obtained from the perinatal database in Hesse for the period from 2000 to 2015 were used after excluding incomplete or non-plausible datasets. Early-stage pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG were evaluated. Significant outcome changes were calculated using linear or logistic regression models. Results The mean maternal age increased from 29.9 to 31.28 years; GWG increased from 445.1 to 457.2 g/week (p < 0.01). Similarly, rates for both overweight and obesity rose from 31.5 to 37.5% (p < 0.001). Cesarean section rates rose from 22.8 to 33.2% (p < 0.001) and rates of postpartum hemorrhage increased from 0.6 to 1% (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the rates for stillbirth or perinatal mortality (p = 0.92 and p = 0.53 respectively), but there was an increase in the rates of admissions to neonatal intensive care units from 7.8 to 9.5% (p < 0.0001). The percentage of newborns with an Apgar score of < 7 at 5 minutes increased from 1 to 1.1% (p < 0.01) and the rate of neonates with an umbilical artery pH of < 7.1 rose from 1.7 to 2.4% (p < 0.01). Conclusions In just 15 years, pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG rates of women with singleton pregnancies have increased, and this increase has been accompanied by a significant rise in the rate of cesarean sections and a significant worsening of short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is time to discuss the risks and the short-term and more worrying long-term consequences for mothers and their offspring and the future impact on our healthcare system.

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Maternal body mass index in pregnancy and mental disorders in adult offspring: a record linkage study in Aberdeen, Scotland

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94511-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen ◽

Katri Räikkönen ◽

Sohinee Bhattacharya ◽

Rebecca M. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Body Mass ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Maternal Bmi ◽

In Pregnancy

AbstractMaternal obesity in pregnancy predicts offspring psychopathology risk in childhood but it remains unclear whether maternal obesity or underweight associate with adult offspring mental disorders. We examined longitudinally whether maternal body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy predicted mental disorders in her offspring and whether the associations differed by offspring birth year among 68,571 mother–child dyads of Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank, Scotland. The offspring were born 1950–1999. Maternal BMI was measured at a mean 15.7 gestational weeks and classified into underweight, normal weight, overweight, moderate obesity and severe obesity. Mental disorders were identified from nationwide registers carrying diagnoses of all hospitalizations and deaths in Scotland in 1996–2017. We found that maternal BMI in pregnancy was associated with offspring mental disorders in a time-dependent manner: In offspring born 1950–1974, maternal underweight predicted an increased hazard of mental disorders [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.74; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.01–3.00)]. In offspring born 1975–1999, maternal severe obesity predicted increased hazards of any mental (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.08–2.38) substance use (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.03–3.57) and schizophrenia spectrum (HR 2.80; 95% CI 1.40–5.63) disorders. Our findings of time-specific associations between maternal prenatal BMI and adult offspring mental disorders may carry important public health implications by underlining possible lifelong effects of maternal BMI on offspring psychopathology.

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Relationship between Maternal Body Mass Index and Obstetric and Perinatal Complications

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9030707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 707 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Ballesta-Castillejos ◽

Juan Gómez-Salgado ◽

Julián Rodríguez-Almagro ◽

Inmaculada Ortiz-Esquinas ◽

Antonio Hernández-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Type Iii ◽

Increased Risk

Over the past few decades, overweight and obesity have become a growing health problem of particular concern for women of reproductive age as obesity in pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of obstetric and neonatal complications. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence of obstetric and perinatal complications in relation to maternal body mass index (BMI) at the time prior to delivery within the Spanish Health System. For this purpose, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted aimed at women who have been mothers between 2013 and 2018 in Spain. Data were collected through an online survey of 42 items that was distributed through lactation associations and postpartum support groups. A total of 5871 women answered the survey, with a mean age of 33.9 years (SD = 4.26 years). In the data analysis, crude odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated through a multivariate analysis. A linear relationship was observed between the highest BMI figures and the highest risk of cephalopelvic disproportion (AOR of 1.79 for obesity type III (95% CI: 1.06–3.02)), preeclampsia (AOR of 6.86 for obesity type III (3.01–15.40)), labor induction (AOR of 1.78 for obesity type III (95% CI: 1.16–2.74)), emergency C-section (AOR of 2.92 for obesity type III (95% CI: 1.68–5.08)), morbidity composite in childbirth (AOR of 3.64 for obesity type III (95% CI: 2.13–6.24)), and macrosomia (AOR of 6.06 for obesity type III (95% CI: 3.17–11.60)), as compared with women with normoweight. Women with a higher BMI are more likely to develop complications during childbirth and macrosomia.

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Trends in maternal body mass index in Northern Ireland: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Family Medicine and Community Health ◽

10.1136/fmch-2021-001310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e001310

Author(s):

Lisa Kent ◽

Christopher Cardwell ◽

Ian Young ◽

Kelly-Ann Eastwood

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

Body Mass ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Unplanned Pregnancy ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Class Iii ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Maternal Overweight

ObjectivesExplore (1) associations between maternal body mass index (BMI), demographic and clinical characteristics, (2) longitudinal trends in BMI, (3) geographical distributions in prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity.DesignRetrospective population-based study.SettingLinked, anonymised, routinely collected healthcare data and official statistics from Northern Ireland.ParticipantsAll pregnancies in Northern Ireland (2011–2017) with BMI measured at ≤16 weeks gestation.MethodsAnalysis of variance and χ2 tests were used to explore associations. Multiple linear regression was used to explore longitudinal trends and spatial visualisation illustrated geographical distribution. Main outcomes are prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).Results152 961 singleton and 2362 multiple pregnancies were included. A high prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity in Northern Ireland is apparent (singleton: 52.4%; multiple: 48.3%) and is increasing. Obesity was positively associated with older age, larger numbers of previous pregnancies and unplanned pregnancy (p<0.001). BMI category was also positively associated with unemployment (35% in obese class III vs 22% in normal BMI category) (p<0.001). Higher BMI categories were associated with increased rate of comorbidities, including hypertension (normal BMI: 1.8% vs obese III: 12.4%), diabetes mellitus (normal BMI: 0.04% vs obese III: 1.29%) and mental ill-health (normal BMI: 5.0% vs obese III: 11.8%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of maternal obesity varied with deprivation (most deprived: 22.8% vs least deprived: 15.7%) (p<0.001). Low BMI was associated with age <20 years, nulliparity, unemployment and mental ill-health (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of maternal BMI >25 kg/m2 is increasing over time in Northern Ireland. Women are entering pregnancy with additional comorbidities likely to impact their life course beyond pregnancy. This highlights the need for prioritisation of preconception and inter-pregnancy support for management of weight and chronic conditions.

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Maternal body mass index increasing above 20 is associated with increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, neonatal death and postneonatal death

Evidence-Based Medicine ◽

10.1136/ebmed-2014-110034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 237-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruth Bell

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Increased Risk

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Pre-pregnancy parental BMI and offspring blood pressure in infancy

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319858157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 1581-1590 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Adriana Cornelia Jansen ◽

Geertje W Dalmeijer ◽

Siti RF Saldi ◽

Diederick E Grobbee ◽

Mohammad Baharuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass ◽

First Year ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Middle Income ◽

Oscillometric Device ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

The Impact

Aims A growing body of evidence suggests that a higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index results in higher offspring’s blood pressure, but there is inconsistency about the impact of father’s body mass index. Furthermore, evidence is limited with regard to low and middle income countries. We aimed to determine the association between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring’s blood pressure during the first year of life. Methods In 587 infants of the BReastfeeding Attitude and Volume Optimization (BRAVO) trial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured twice at the right leg in a supine position, using an automatic oscillometric device at day 7, month 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12. Parental pre-pregnancy body mass index was based on self-reported weight and height. Linear mixed models were performed to investigate the associations between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring blood pressure patterns. Results Each unit increase in maternal body mass index was associated with 0.24 mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.05; 0.44) and 0.13 mmHg (0.01; 0.25) higher offspring’s mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, during the first year of life. A higher offspring blood pressure with increased maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was seen at birth and remained higher during the first year of life. The association with systolic blood pressure remained similar after including birth size and offspring’s weight and height over time. The association with diastolic blood pressure attenuated slightly to a non-significant result after including these variables. Paternal body mass index was not associated with offspring’s blood pressure. Conclusion Higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, but not paternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, is associated with higher offspring blood pressure already from birth onwards.

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Maternal Body Mass Index during Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development

Obstetric Medicine ◽

10.1177/1753495x12472643 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Wendy Y Craig ◽

Glenn E Palomaki ◽

Louis M Neveux ◽

James E Haddow

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Neurocognitive Development ◽

Maternal Bmi

Background: This hypothesis generating study explores second trimester maternal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy and offspring neurocognitive development. Methods: Mothers and offspring served as controls in two earlier studies: 101 children at age two years and 118 children at age eight years. Results Frequency of maternal BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 increased from 10% in 1987-1990 to 30% in 2004-2006 ( P < 0.001); the socioeconomic gradient became more pronounced. At age two, one or more BSID-III (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition) scores <85 were more frequent with higher maternal BMI ( P = 0.029); regression analysis suggested an inverse relationship between language scores and BMI ( P = 0.054). Among eight-year-olds, one or more WISC-III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition) scores <85 increased with maternal BMI ( P = 0.017); regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between performance subscale IQ score and BMI ( P = 0.023). Conclusion: Second trimester maternal obesity may be an independent risk factor for some aspects of children's neurocognitive development. Further study is indicated.

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