scholarly journals Solar ultraviolet B exposure and global variation in tuberculosis incidence: an ecological analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjarda M. Boere ◽  
Douwe H. Visser ◽  
A. Marceline van Furth ◽  
Paul Lips ◽  
Frank G.J. Cobelens
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
National Level ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Tuberculosis Incidence ◽  
Global Variation ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

Epidemiological evidence supports vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for tuberculosis. Differences in solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure, the major source of vitamin D, might therefore partially explain global variation in tuberculosis incidence.In a global country-based ecological study, we explored the correlation between vitamin D-proxies, such as solar UV-B exposure, and other relevant variables with tuberculosis incidence, averaged over the period 2004–2013.Across 154 countries, annual solar UV-B exposure was associated with tuberculosis incidence. Tuberculosis incidence in countries in the highest quartile of UV-B exposure was 78% (95% CI 57–88%, p<0.001) lower than that in countries in the lowest quartile, taking into account other vitamin D-proxies and covariates. Of the explained global variation in tuberculosis incidence, 6.3% could be attributed to variations in annual UV-B exposure. Exposure to UV-B had a similar, but weaker association with tuberculosis notification rates in the multilevel analysis with sub-national level data for large countries (highestversuslowest quartile 29% lower incidence; p=0.057).The potential preventive applications of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk groups for tuberculosis merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and its determinants in Pre Diabetic pregnant mothers attending tertiary care centre in Tamilnadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
Kavitha Durairaj ◽  
Muthulakshmi M ◽  
Venkataraman P ◽  
Murali R ◽  
Rukumani J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin D is a vital nutrient factor in the healthiness of the mother and infant. Vitamin D is mainly amalgamated in the skin following exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. Insufficiency of vitamin D in Pregnancy had been related to various sicknesses, such as respiratory infection, type 1 diabetes mellitus, high risk of childhood wheezing. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of pregestational diabetes in pregnant women referred to antenatal clinics in SRM Medical College hospital, Tamilnadu, India. 200 pregnant women were recruited, and oral glucose challenge test (OGCT), serum calcium and 25(OH) D were determined. Participants were in the age group of 18 to 35 years, with a mean age of 26.29. Among the participants, 59% were multiparous. The present study showed that a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (61.5%) and insufficiency (34%) in pregnant women before supplementation with a mean of 16.84. Vitamin D supplementation during the early weeks of pregnancy might help in the improvement of maternal and child health.

Establishing Benefit from Vitamin D Supplementation — Adherence to Defined Criteria and Targeting of High-Risk Groups Essential?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-831
Author(s):  
Siobhán McGettigan ◽  
P. Mulkerrin ◽  
P. M. O’Shea ◽  
S. T. O’Keeffe ◽  
E. C. Mulkerrin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation

scholarly journals The Effect of Ultraviolet B Irradiation Compared with Oral Vitamin D Supplementation on the Well-being of Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Bistra I. Veleva ◽  
Monique A. A. Caljouw ◽  
Jenny T. van der Steen ◽  
Bart J. A. Mertens ◽  
Victor G. M. Chel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Randomized Controlled

There are indications that ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure has beneficial effects on well-being through mechanisms other than vitamin D synthesis alone. We conducted a randomized controlled multicenter trial to compare the effects of UVB light and vitamin D supplementation (VD) in terms of the well-being of nursing home residents with dementia. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (UVB group, n = 41; half-body UVB irradiation, twice weekly over 6 months, with 1 standard erythema dose (SED)) or to the control group (VD group, n = 37; 5600 International units (IU) cholecalciferol supplementation once a week). The main outcome was well-being, measured by the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and the Cornell scale for depression in dementia at 0, 3, and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were QUALIDEM quality of life domains and biochemical parameters of bone homeostasis. Intention-to-treat analysis with linear mixed modeling showed no significant between-group differences on agitation (p = 0.431) or depressive symptoms (p = 0.982). At six months, the UVB group showed less restless/tense behavior compared to the VD group (mean difference of the mean change scores 2.2, 95% CI 0.8 to 3.6; p = 0.003 for group x time interaction) and lower serum 25(OH)D3 concentration (estimated mean difference - 21.9, 95% CI −32.6 to −11.2; p = 0.003 for group difference). The exposure of nursing home residents with dementia to UVB light showed no positive benefits in terms of wellbeing. UVB treatment may have a positive effect on the restless/tense behavior characteristic of advanced dementia but more research is needed to confirm this finding.

Solar ultraviolet radiation dependent decrease of particle light absorption and pigments in lake phytoplankton

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Maske ◽  
M Latasa
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Cutoff Wavelength ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

The ultraviolet (UV) spectral component of daylight on a clear day at mid-latitudes can significantly reduce phytoplankton pigments within a daylight period. Phytoplankton samples from Redberry Lake, Saskatchewan, dominated by cyanobacteria were incubated in quartz bottles under optical long band-pass filters (cutoff wavelength 420-305 nm) in daylight in June. After incubation, samples were filtered, and in vivo particle light absorption (380-700 nm) and pigment concentrations were measured. Solar ultraviolet-B irradiance (UV-B; 280-320 nm) was measured radiometrically. On sunny days the samples that were exposed to daylight UV light showed a relative decrease in particle absorption and pigment concentration after the incubation compared with samples exposed only to visible daylight. No such decrease was observed during an overcast day. The UV-B data did not show a clear relation with the degree of pigment reduction, suggesting that other environmental factors or the state of adaptation partially controlled the pigment decrease of phytoplankton under UV-B exposure. Neither specific spectral components of the absorption spectrum nor specific pigments were more easily degraded than others by solar UV light, although the ratio of zeaxanthin to chlorophyll a probably increased in cyanobacteria as a result of UV exposure.

scholarly journals Proxy reconstruction of ultraviolet-B irradiance at the Earth’s surface, and its relationship with solar activity and ozone thickness

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip E Jardine ◽  
Wesley T Fraser ◽  
William D Gosling ◽  
C Neil Roberts ◽  
Warren J Eastwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Long Timescales ◽  
Biotic Stressor ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

Solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiance that reaches the Earth’s surface acts as a biotic stressor and has the potential to modify ecological and environmental functioning. The challenges of reconstructing ultraviolent (UV) irradiance prior to the satellite era mean that there is uncertainty over long-term surface UV-B patterns, especially in relation to variations in solar activity over centennial and millennial timescales. Here, we reconstruct surface UV-B irradiance over the last 650 years using a novel UV-B proxy based on the chemical signature of pollen grains. We demonstrate a statistically significant positive relationship between the abundance of UV-B absorbing compounds in Pinus pollen and modelled solar UV-B irradiance. These results show that trends in surface UV-B follow the overall solar activity pattern over centennial timescales, and that variations in solar output are the dominant control on surface level UV-B flux, rather than solar modulated changes in ozone thickness. The Pinus biochemical response demonstrated here confirms the potential for solar activity driven surface UV-B variations to impact upon terrestrial biotas and environments over long timescales.

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