Appendicular lean mass - a driver of low lung function in children? Data from the population-based LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) cohort

Abstract Purpose Intensive care unit (ICU) survivors have reduced physical function likely due to skeletal muscle wasting and weakness acquired during critical illness. However, the contribution of pre-morbid muscle mass has not been elucidated. We aimed to examine the association between pre-ICU muscle mass and ICU admission risk. Secondary outcomes include the relationship between muscle mass and ICU outcomes. Methods ICU admissions between June 1, 1998, and February 1, 2019, were identified among participants of Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS), a population-based cohort study. Cox proportional hazard regression models estimated hazard ratios (HR) for ICU admission across T-score strata and continuous values of DXA-derived lean mass measures of skeletal mass index (SMI, lean mass/body mass %) and appendicular lean mass corrected for height (ALM/h2, kg/m2). Multivariable regression was used to determine the relationship between lean mass and ICU outcomes. Results One hundred and eighty-six of 3126 participants enrolled in GOS were admitted to the ICU during the follow-up period. In adjusted models, lean mass was not predictive of ICU admission (SMI: HR 0.99 95%CI 0.97–1.01, p = 0.32; ALM/h2: HR 1.11 95%CI 0.94–1.31, p = 0.23), while greater appendicular lean mass was related to reduced 28-day mortality (ALM/h2 adjOR: 0.25, 95%CI 0.10–0.63, p = 0.003, SMI adjOR: 0.91, 95%CI 0.82–1.02, p = 0.09). Conclusion Lean mass was not associated with ICU admission in this population-based cohort study; however, greater appendicular lean mass was associated with reduced mortality. This suggests pre-ICU muscle status may not predict development of critical illness but is associated with better survival after critical illness occurs.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The effects of growing up on a farm on adult lung function and allergic phenotypes: an international population-based study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726781024.793529084 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sherwood Burge

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Population Based ◽

Growing Up ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Adult Lung

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Association between Lung Function and Gut Microbiota in a Population-Based Cohort

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3210937 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Soo Jung Kim ◽

Han-Na Kim ◽

Su Hwan Lee ◽

Yeojun Yun ◽

Eun Ju Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Population Based

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Change in appendicular lean mass in patients established on peritoneal dialysis as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/s41430-020-00836-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kornchanok Vareesangthip ◽

Andrew Davenport

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Lean Mass ◽

X Ray ◽

Appendicular Lean Mass

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Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n365 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n365

Author(s):

Buyun Liu ◽

Yang Du ◽

Yuxiao Wu ◽

Linda G Snetselaar ◽

Robert B Wallace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the trends in obesity and adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and lean mass, by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States from 2011 to 2018.DesignPopulation based study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-18.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years or older.Main outcome measuresWeight, height, and waist circumference among adults aged 20 years or older were measured by trained technicians using standardized protocols. Obesity was defined as body mass index of 30 or higher for non-Asians and 27.5 or higher for Asians. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of 102 cm or larger for men and 88 cm or larger for women. Body fat percentage and lean mass were measured among adults aged 20-59 years by using dual energy x ray absorptiometry.ResultsThis study included 21 399 adults from NHANES 2011-18. Body mass index was measured for 21 093 adults, waist circumference for 20 080 adults, and body fat percentage for 10 864 adults. For the overall population, age adjusted prevalence of general obesity increased from 35.4% (95% confidence interval 32.5% to 38.3%) in 2011-12 to 43.4% (39.8% to 47.0%) in 2017-18 (P for trend<0.001), and age adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 54.5% (51.2% to 57.8%) in 2011-12 to 59.1% (55.6% to 62.7%) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.02). Age adjusted mean body mass index increased from 28.7 (28.2 to 29.1) in 2011-12 to 29.8 (29.2 to 30.4) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.001), and age adjusted mean waist circumference increased from 98.4 cm (97.4 to 99.5 cm) in 2011-12 to 100.5 cm (98.9 to 102.1 cm) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.01). Significant increases were observed in body mass index and waist circumference among the Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic Asian groups (all P for trend<0.05), but not for the non-Hispanic black group. For body fat percentage, a significant increase was observed among non-Hispanic Asians (30.6%, 29.8% to 31.4% in 2011-12; 32.7%, 32.0% to 33.4% in 2017-18; P for trend=0.001), but not among other racial or ethnic groups. The age adjusted mean lean mass decreased in the non-Hispanic black group and increased in the non-Hispanic Asian group, but no statistically significant changes were found in other racial or ethnic groups.ConclusionsAmong US adults, an increasing trend was found in obesity and adiposity measures from 2011 to 2018, although disparities exist among racial or ethnic groups.

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Type 2 Diabetes Reduces the Muscle Anabolic Effect of Resistance Exercise Training in Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1706 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 529-529

Author(s):

Amanda Randolph ◽

Tatiana Moro ◽

Adetutu Odejimi ◽

Blake Rasmussen ◽

Elena Volpi

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Synthesis Rate ◽

Resistance Exercise Training ◽

Appendicular Lean Mass

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accelerates the incidence and increases the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults. This suggests an urgent need for identifying effective sarcopenia treatments for older adults with T2DM. It is unknown whether traditional approaches, such as progressive resistance exercise training (PRET), can effectively counteract sarcopenia in older patients with T2DM. To test the efficacy of PRET for the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults with T2DM, 30 subjects (15 T2DM and 15 age- and sex- matched controls) underwent metabolic testing with muscle biopsies before and after a 13-week full-body PRET program. Primary outcome measures included changes in appendicular lean mass, muscle strength, and mixed muscle fractional synthesis rate (FSR). Before PRET, BMI-adjusted appendicular lean mass was significantly lower in the T2DM group (0.7095±0.0381 versus 0.8151±0.0439, p<0.0001). As a result of PRET, appendicular lean mass adjusted for BMI and muscle strength increased significantly in both groups, but to a lesser extent for the T2DM group (p=0.0009) . Preliminary results for FSR (n=25) indicate that subjects with T2DM had lower basal FSR prior to PRET (p=0.0197) . Basal FSR increased significantly in the control group after PRET (p=0.0196), while it did not change in the T2DM group (p=0.3537). These results suggest that in older adults the positive effect of PRET on muscle anabolism and strength is reduced by T2DM . Thus, older adults with T2DM may require more intensive, multimodal and targeted sarcopenia treatment. Funded by NIH R01AG049611 and P30AG024832.

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Appendicular Lean Mass, Grip Strength, and the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis and Knee Pain Among Older Adults

ACR Open Rheumatology ◽

10.1002/acr2.11302 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James S. Andrews ◽

Laura S. Gold ◽

Michael Nevitt ◽

Patrick J. Heagerty ◽

Peggy M. Cawthon

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Appendicular Lean Mass

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Prevalence and burden of chronic bronchitis symptoms: results from the BOLD study

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/13993003.00621-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 1700621 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Filip Mejza ◽

Louisa Gnatiuc ◽

A. Sonia Buist ◽

William M. Vollmer ◽

Bernd Lamprecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Chronic Bronchitis ◽

Airflow Obstruction ◽

Population Based ◽

Normal Lung ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Definition Of ◽

Disease Study

We studied the prevalence, burden and potential risk factors for chronic bronchitis symptoms in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study.Representative population-based samples of adults aged ≥40 years were selected in participating sites. Participants completed questionnaires and spirometry. Chronic bronchitis symptoms were defined as chronic cough and phlegm on most days for ≥3 months each year for ≥2 years.Data from 24 855 subjects from 33 sites in 29 countries were analysed. There were significant differences in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms meeting our definition of chronic bronchitis across sites, from 10.8% in Lexington (KY, USA), to 0% in Ile-Ife (Nigeria) and Blantyre (Malawi). Older age, less education, current smoking, occupational exposure to fumes, self-reported diagnosis of asthma or lung cancer and family history of chronic lung disease were all associated with increased risk of chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis symptoms were associated with worse lung function, more dyspnoea, increased risk of respiratory exacerbations and reduced quality of life, independent of the presence of other lung diseases.The prevalence of chronic bronchitis symptoms varied widely across the studied sites. Chronic bronchitis symptoms were associated with significant burden both in individuals with chronic airflow obstruction and those with normal lung function.

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Appendicular Lean Mass, Grip Strength, and the Development of Hospital-Associated Activities of Daily Living Disability among Older Adults in the Health ABC Study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab332 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James S Andrews ◽

Laura S Gold ◽

May J Reed ◽

Jose M Garcia ◽

Robyn L McClelland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Daily Living ◽

Adult Survivors ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Appendicular Lean Mass ◽

Adl Disability ◽

Separate Regression

Abstract Background Half of all physical disability, including activity of daily living (ADL) disability, among older adults occurs in the setting of hospitalization. This study examines whether appendicular lean mass (ALM) and grip strength, which are commonly included in various definitions of sarcopenia, are associated with development of hospital-associated ADL disability in older adults in the Health ABC Study. Methods Individuals hospitalized during the first 5 years of follow-up (n=1,724) were analyzed. ALM to body mass index (BMI) ratio (ALMBMI), by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and grip strength, by hand-held dynamometery, were assessed annually. Development of new ADL disability was assessed at the time of the next annual assessment after hospitalization. Separate regression analyses modeled the association of pre-hospitalization ALMBMI or grip strength with death before the next scheduled annual assessment. Next, among those who survived to the next annual assessment, separate regression analyses modeled the association of ALMBMI or grip strength with development of ADL disability. Results Each standard deviation decrement in pre-hospitalization grip strength was associated with an adjusted 1.80 odds of new ADL disability at follow-up (95% CI: 1.18, 2.74). Low, compared to not low, grip strength (per FNIH definition) was associated with an adjusted 2.36 odds of ADL disability at follow-up (95% CI: 1.12, 4.97). ALM measures were not associated with development of hospital-associated ADL disability. ALM and grip strength measures were not associated with death. Conclusions Pre-hospitalization lower grip strength may be an important risk factor for ADL disability among older adult survivors of hospitalization.

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