scholarly journals sigE facilitates the adaptation of Bordetella bronchiseptica to stress conditions and lethal infection in immunocompromised mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Barchinger ◽  
Xuqing Zhang ◽  
Sara E Hester ◽  
Maria E Rodriguez ◽  
Eric T Harvill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice

scholarly journals A Lethal Murine Infection Model for Dengue Virus 3 in AG129 Mice Deficient in Type I and II Interferon Receptors Leads to Systemic Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1254-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa V. Sarathy ◽  
Mellodee White ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Summer R. Gorder ◽  
Richard B. Pyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Acute Illness ◽  
Human Isolate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Type I ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Immunocompromised Mice

ABSTRACTThe mosquito-borne disease dengue (DEN) is caused by four serologically and genetically related viruses, termed DENV-1 to DENV-4. Infection with one DENV usually leads to acute illness and results in lifelong homotypic immunity, but individuals remain susceptible to infection by the other three DENVs. The lack of a small-animal model that mimics systemic DEN disease without neurovirulence has been an obstacle, but DENV-2 models that resemble human disease have been recently developed in AG129 mice (deficient in interferon alpha/beta and interferon gamma receptor signaling). However, comparable DENV-1, -3, and -4 models have not been developed. We utilized a non-mouse-adapted DENV-3 Thai human isolate to develop a lethal infection model in AG129 mice. Intraperitoneal inoculation of six to eight-week-old animals with strain C0360/94 led to rapid, fatal disease. Lethal C0360/94 infection resulted in physical signs of illness, high viral loads in the spleen, liver, and large intestine, histological changes in the liver and spleen tissues, and increased serum cytokine levels. Importantly, the animals developed vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. Overall, we have developed a lethal DENV-3 murine infection model, with no evidence of neurotropic disease based on a non-mouse-adapted human isolate, which can be used to investigate DEN pathogenesis and to evaluate candidate vaccines and antivirals. This suggests that murine models utilizing non-mouse-adapted isolates can be obtained for all four DENVs.IMPORTANCEDengue (DEN) is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four DENV serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4) that have no treatments or vaccines. Primary infection with one DENV usually leads to acute illness followed by lifelong homotypic immunity, but susceptibility to infection by the other three DENVs remains. Therefore, a vaccine needs to protect from all four DENVs simultaneously. To date a suitable animal model to mimic systemic human illness exists only for DENV-2 in immunocompromised mice using passaged viruses; however, models are still needed for the remaining serotypes. This study describes establishment of a lethal systemic DENV-3 infection model with a human isolate in immunocompromised mice and is the first report of lethal infection by a nonadapted clinical DENV isolate without evidence of neurological disease. Our DENV-3 model provides a relevant platform to test DEN vaccines and antivirals.

Self-Injurious Behavior vs. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bloom ◽  
Shareen Holly ◽  
Adam M. P. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Cns Stimulant ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Background: Historically, the field of self-injury has distinguished between the behaviors exhibited among individuals with a developmental disability (self-injurious behaviors; SIB) and those present within a normative population (nonsuicidal self-injury; NSSI),which typically result as a response to perceived stress. More recently, however, conclusions about NSSI have been drawn from lines of animal research aimed at examining the neurobiological mechanisms of SIB. Despite some functional similarity between SIB and NSSI, no empirical investigation has provided precedent for the application of SIB-targeted animal research as justification for pharmacological interventions in populations demonstrating NSSI. Aims: The present study examined this question directly, by simulating an animal model of SIB in rodents injected with pemoline and systematically manipulating stress conditions in order to monitor rates of self-injury. Methods: Sham controls and experimental animals injected with pemoline (200 mg/kg) were assigned to either a low stress (discriminated positive reinforcement) or high stress (discriminated avoidance) group and compared on the dependent measures of self-inflicted injury prevalence and severity. Results: The manipulation of stress conditions did not impact the rate of self-injury demonstrated by the rats. The results do not support a model of stress-induced SIB in rodents. Conclusions: Current findings provide evidence for caution in the development of pharmacotherapies of NSSI in human populations based on CNS stimulant models. Theoretical implications are discussed with respect to antecedent factors such as preinjury arousal level and environmental stress.

Flavonoid profiling by LC-MS IN 14 – 3-3ν knockout mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana during drought stress conditions

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Nabbie ◽  
O Shperdheja ◽  
J Millot ◽  
J Lindberg ◽  
B Peethambaran
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Knockout Mutants

Prävalenz von Antikörpern gegen Bordetella bronchiseptica in Mehrkatzenhaushalten

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Judit Gastón ◽  
Christiane Stengel ◽  
D. Harbour ◽  
St. Krieger ◽  
Susanne Stampf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Respiratorische Symptome

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Mit dieser Studie sollte das Vorkommen von Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica in Mehrkatzenhaushalten mit und ohne respiratorische Symptome untersucht werden. Material und Methoden: Die Studie umfasste insgesamt 258 Katzen aus 40 Beständen. Antikörper gegen B. bronchiseptica wurden mittels ELISA nachgewiesen. Zudem erfolgten eine PCR und eine Erregeranzüchtung. Ergebnisse: Die Antikörperprävalenz lag bei 41,9%. Bei Katzen mit respiratorischen Symptomen ergab sich eine Prävalenz von 56,5%, bei gesunden Katzen betrug sie 39,9%. Dieser Unterschied war statistisch signifikant. Die Antikörperprävalenz lag in Tierheimen signifikant höher als in Privat- und Zuchtbeständen. Ältere Katzen wiesen signifikant häufiger Antikörper gegen B. bronchiseptica auf. Die PCR war nur bei 4,6% von 219 untersuchten Katzen positiv; die Anzüchtung gelang bei keinem von 28 untersuchten Tieren. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: B. bronchiseptica zeigt in Mehrkatzenhaushalten eine weite Verbreitung. Vor allem in Tierheimen sind Katzen offenbar einem hohen Infektionsrisiko ausgesetzt. Eine Impfung ist daher besonders in Tierheimen in Betracht zu ziehen.

Vergleich zwischen Mehrkatzenbeständen mit und ohne Katzenschnupfen

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Stengel ◽  
D. Harbour ◽  
St. Krieger ◽  
Susanne Stampf ◽  
Katrin Hartmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: Katzenschnupfen ist ein häufiges Problem in der Kleintierpraxis. Eine Reihe von Faktoren beeinflusst das Auftreten der Krankheit. Ziel dieser Arbeit war, Mehrkatzenbestände (≥ 5 Katzen) mit und ohne Katzen-schnupfen zu vergleichen und die Faktoren zu ermitteln, die in diesen Beständen unterschiedlich vorhanden waren. Material und Methoden: In die Studie gingen 21 Fall- und 20 Kontrollbestände ein. In jedem Bestand diente ein Fragebogen der Erhebung möglicher Risikofaktoren. Die Katzen wurden auf felines Herpesvirus 1, felines Calicivirus, Chlamydophila felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, felines Immunschwächevirus und felines Leukämievirus untersucht und ein Blutbild wurde angefertigt. Ergebnisse: Von allen untersuchten Faktoren ergaben sich nur in Hinblick auf das häufigere Vorhandensein männlicher Katzen und die höhere Prävalenz von Chlamydophila felis statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Beständen mit und ohne Katzenschnupfen. Andere Erreger waren in “Problembeständen” und in “gesunden Beständen” mit annähernd gleicher Häufigkeit vorhanden. Klinische Relevanz: Zwischen der Kontroll- und der Fallgruppe bestanden wenig signifikante Unterschiede. Viele der untersuchten Faktoren wie Neuzugänge oder schlechte Hygiene im Bestand differierten nicht statistisch signifikant zwischen den Haltungen. Außerdem sind Bestände, in denen Katzenschnupfen nicht auftritt, nicht unbedingt “frei” von Erregern. Viele Katzen können infiziert sein und zeitweise Erreger ausscheiden, ohne Symptome aufzuweisen.

STRESS PADA LANSIA MENJADI FAKTOR PENYEBAB DAN AKIBAT TERJADINYA PENYAKIT

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidaayah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The State ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Available Resources

Stress conditions in the elderly means an imbalance condition of biological, psychological, and social are closely related to the response to the threats and dangers faced by the elderly. Pressure or interference that is not fun is usually created when the elderly see a mismatch between the state and the 3 systems available resources. Maintenance actions that need to be done there are 2 types, namely : prevention of exposure to a stressor (precipitation factor) and serious treatment of the imbalance condition/ illness (precipitation factor). Prevention includes: sports, hobbies, friendship, avoid eating foods high in free radicals and harmful substances, sex and setting arrangements adequate rest. Habits of the above if done at a young age to avoid exposure to stress in the elderly. Treatment of the imbalance condition / illness, include : drinking water, meditation, eating fresh fruit, and adequate rest.

Experimental Characterization of the Reliability of 3-Terminal Dual-Damascene Copper Interconnect Trees

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gan ◽  
C. V. Thompson ◽  
K. L. Pey ◽  
W. K. Choi ◽  
F. Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Contact Lines ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Similar Test ◽  
Dual Damascene ◽  
Copper Interconnect ◽  
Test Conditions

AbstractElectromigration experiments have been carried out on simple Cu dual-damascene interconnect tree structures consisting of straight via-to-via (or contact-to-contact) lines with an extra via in the middle of the line. As with Al-based interconnects, the reliability of a segment in this tree strongly depends on the stress conditions of the connected segment. Beyond this, there are important differences in the results obtained under similar test conditions for Al-based and Cu-based interconnect trees. These differences are thought to be associated with variations in the architectural schemes of the two metallizations. The absence of a conducting electromigrationresistant overlayer in Cu technology, and the possibility of liner rupture at stressed vias lead to significant differences in tree reliabilities in Cu compared to Al.

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