Identifying persons at risk for developing type 2 diabetes in a concentrated population of high risk ethnicities in Canada using a risk assessment questionnaire and point-of-care capillary blood HbA1cmeasurement

Background: To identify individuals at high risk of developing type2 diabetes (T2DM), use of a validated risk-assessment tool is currently recommended. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that risk scores that are developed in the same country can lead to different results of an individual. The Objective of study was to reveal whether two different risk-assessment tools predict similar or dissimilar high-risk score in same population. Method: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried upon 336 non-diabetic adults visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine, MARKS Medical College & Hospital, Bangladesh from October 2018 to March 2019. Woman having previous history of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) were also included. Both the Indian Diabetes risk Score (IDRS) and the American Diabetes (ADA) Risk Score questionnaire were used to collect the data on demographic and clinical characteristics, different risk factors of an individual subject, and to calculate predicted risk score for developing T2DM. Results: Among 336 subjects, 53.6% were female. The mean (±SD) age of the study subjects was 38.25±1.12 years. The average IDRS predicted risk score of developing T2DM was more in female subjects than male [p<0.05]. Whereas the ADA predicted increased risk score of developing type 2 diabetes was more in male subjects than female (p<0.05). IDRS categorized 37.2 % of individuals at high risk for developing diabetes; [p=0.10], while the ADA risk tool categorized 20.2% subjects in high risk group; [p<0.001]. Conclusions: The results indicate that risk for developing type 2 diabetes varies considerably according to the scoring system used. To adequately prevent T2DM, risk scoring systems must be validated for each population considered.

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Factors Associated With a Higher Risk of Undiagnosed Prediabetes in a Community-Dwelling Medicare Population

The Senior Care Pharmacist ◽

10.4140/tcp.n.2020.85 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Cynthia S. Valle-Oseguera ◽

Carly A. Ranson ◽

Patricia Tam ◽

Jacqueline Le ◽

Brandon Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

High Risk ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Medicare Beneficiaries ◽

Medication Therapy ◽

Medicare Population ◽

Increased Risk

OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristics in an ambulatory Medicare population that are significantly more likely to be associated with a high risk of undiagnosed prediabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Fourteen health clinics targeting Medicare beneficiaries were held throughout northern and central California during the fall of 2017. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Noninstitutionalized Medicare beneficiaries receiving medication therapy management services without self-reported diabetes. INTERVENTIONS: Beneficiaries were screened for their risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through the use of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) risk assessment (score of ≥ 5 indicates increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes) by pharmacy students. For this study, patients with a score of ≥ 5 were considered to be at high risk for undiagnosed prediabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Characteristics significantly more likely to be identified in patients at high risk for undiagnosed prediabetes. RESULTS: A total of 683 Medicare beneficiaries without self-reported diabetes completed the ADA risk assessment, with 457 (66.9%) receiving a score of 5 or more. In those, the presence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, coronary heart disease, and use of aspirin were all characteristics researchers identified as significantly more likely to be found in this group. In contrast, those of Asian race or who took dietary supplements were significantly less likely to score 5 or higher in the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Identification of older adults at higher risk for undiagnosed prediabetes through the use of appropriate screening tools allows for targeted preventive interventions, potentially lowering risk of developing T2DM for selected patients.

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Different type 2 diabetes risk assessments predict dissimilar numbers at ‘high risk’: a retrospective analysis of diabetes risk-assessment tools

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp15x687661 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (641) ◽

pp. e852-e860 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Benjamin J Gray ◽

Richard M Bracken ◽

Daniel Turner ◽

Kerry Morgan ◽

Michael Thomas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

High Risk ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Risk Assessments ◽

Risk Assessment Tools

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TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PREDICTION IN MALAYSIA USING MODIFIED DIABETES RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.1/art.442 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Aung Myo Oo ◽

Al-abed Ali Ahmed Al-abed ◽

Ohn Mar Lwin ◽

Sowmya Sham Kanneppady ◽

Tee Yee Sim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Risk ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Risk Assessment Tool ◽

Type 2 Dm

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming major health threat worldwide and it is extremely common in clinical setting. Malaysia is one of the highest diabetic populations among Asian countries and the new cases are increasing day to day. Early detection of people with high risk of Type 2 DM by using simple, easy and cost-effective assessment tool is the better way to identify and prevent the community from this non-communicable disease. The objectives of the study were to identify those are high risk to become type 2DM among Malaysians by using risk scoring form and to educate them how to prevent it. Total 591 subjects were recruited from the health screening programs carried out by the collaboration of Petaling Jaya Development Council (MBPJ) and Lincoln University College, Malaysia. Modified form of Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool was used to identify people at risk of becoming type 2 DM. Descriptive analysis was performed for all included variables in this study by using SPSS version 21. The study found out that almost half of the participants were found to have family history of DM, 60% of them were overweight and obese and 47% were having above normal waist circumference. We observed that nearly 60 % of participants in the study were having moderate to high risk of becoming type 2 DM in next 10 years. To conclude, the result of our study would be helpful in implementation of cost-effective, convenient Type 2 DM risk assessment tool which has yet to be implemented in Malaysia.

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Risk Assessment Tools for Identifying Individuals at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes

Epidemiologic Reviews ◽

10.1093/epirev/mxq019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 46-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 158

Author(s):

B. Buijsse ◽

R. K. Simmons ◽

S. J. Griffin ◽

M. B. Schulze

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

At Risk ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Risk Assessment Tools

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Totaln-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes in relation to insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013000542 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1337-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Catherine Paquet ◽

Sarah L Propsting ◽

Mark Daniel

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

High Risk ◽

First Nation ◽

Fatty Acid Intake ◽

Acid Intake

AbstractObjectiveThe present study sought to investigate the associations of totaln-3 fatty acid and SFA intakes with insulin resistance in a Canadian First Nation sample at risk for type 2 diabetes.DesignFasting values for glucose and insulin were used to estimate insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Intakes ofn-3 fatty acids and SFA were computed from dietary food and drink data obtained using 3 d food records. Associations between HOMA-IR and dietaryn-3 and SFA consumption were tested using linear regression models accounting for age, sex, community, education, physical activity, waist circumference, fibre, protein and carbohydrate intakes, and HDL-cholesterol and TAG concentrations.SettingRural Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada.SubjectsOn-reserve First Nation individuals (Interior Salishan) aged 18 years and over, recruited for community-based diabetes screening and determined to be normoglycaemic (n126).ResultsHOMA-IR was negatively associated with dietaryn-3 fatty acid intake (β= −0·22; 95 % CI −0·39, −0·04;P= 0·016) and positively associated with dietary SFA intake (β= 0·34; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·53;P= 0·0 0 1).ConclusionsIntake of dietaryn-3 fatty acids may be protective against whereas SFA intake may promote insulin resistance in this high-risk Canadian First Nation sample. Reduced dietary SFA intake and greatern-3 fatty acid intake may assist the prevention of glycaemic disease among First Nations peoples. More rigorous, controlled trials are required to test whether dietary supplementation withn-3 fatty acids in natural or supplement-based form might reduce diabetes risk in high-risk aboriginal groups.

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Examining the Use of Glucose and Physical Activity Self-Monitoring Technologies in Individuals at Moderate to High Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: Randomized Trial

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/14195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. e14195 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Maxine E Whelan ◽

Mark W Orme ◽

Andrew P Kingsnorth ◽

Lauren B Sherar ◽

Francesca L Denton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Feasibility Trial ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Health Technologies ◽

Freestyle Libre ◽

Monitoring Technologies

Background Self-monitoring of behavior (namely, diet and physical activity) and physiology (namely, glucose) has been shown to be effective in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes prevention. By combining self-monitoring technologies, the acute physiological consequences of behaviors could be shown, prompting greater consideration to physical activity levels today, which impact the risk of developing diabetes years or decades later. However, until recently, commercially available technologies have not been able to show individuals the health benefits of being physically active. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the usage, feasibility, and acceptability of behavioral and physiological self-monitoring technologies in individuals at risk of developing T2D. Methods A total of 45 adults aged ≥40 years and at moderate to high risk of T2D were recruited to take part in a 3-arm feasibility trial. Each participant was provided with a behavioral (Fitbit Charge 2) and physiological (FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitor) monitor for 6 weeks, masked according to group allocation. Participants were allocated to glucose feedback (4 weeks) followed by glucose and physical activity (biobehavioral) feedback (2 weeks; group 1), physical activity feedback (4 weeks) followed by biobehavioral feedback (2 weeks; group 2), or biobehavioral feedback (6 weeks; group 3). Participant usage (including time spent on the apps and number of glucose scans) was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the feasibility (including recruitment and number of sensor displacements) and acceptability (including monitor wear time) of the intervention. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted at the 6-week follow-up appointment. Results For usage, time spent on the Fitbit and FreeStyle Libre apps declined over the 6 weeks for all groups. Of the FreeStyle Libre sensor scans conducted by participants, 17% (1798/10,582) recorded rising or falling trends in glucose, and 24% (13/45) of participants changed ≥1 of the physical activity goals. For feasibility, 49% (22/45) of participants completed the study using the minimum number of FreeStyle Libre sensors, and a total of 41 sensors were declared faulty or displaced. For acceptability, participants wore the Fitbit for 40.1 (SD 3.2) days, and 20% (9/45) of participants and 53% (24/45) of participants were prompted by email to charge or sync the Fitbit, respectively. Interviews unearthed participant perceptions on the study design by suggesting refinements to the eligibility criteria and highlighting important issues about the usability, wearability, and features of the technologies. Conclusions Individuals at risk of developing T2D engaged with wearable digital health technologies providing behavioral and physiological feedback. Modifications are required to both the study and to commercially available technologies to maximize the chances of sustained usage and behavior change. The study and intervention were feasible to conduct and acceptable to most participants. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 17545949; isrctn.com/ISRCTN17545949

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Factors Associated With Low Physical Activity in Two Latin American Populations at Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Analysis

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2020.589484 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Tania Acosta ◽

Rafael Tuesca ◽

Karen Florez ◽

Noël C. Barengo ◽

Luis Anillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

At Risk ◽

High Risk ◽

Latin American ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Age Group ◽

Low Level ◽

Populations At Risk

Low level of physical activity is a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. Specifically, people at risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) have shown to benefit from being physically active. The objective of this study was to explore what factors were associated with low physical activity in people at high risk of T2D living in Bogota and Barranquilla, Colombia.Methodology: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from a quasi-experimental clinical trial (PREDICOL Project). The study included 1,135 participants of Bogota and Barranquilla that presented a high risk of developing T2D according to the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (>12 points) and who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. The main outcome variable was the level of physical activity assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: In total, 72.5% of the study participants had low level of physical activity. Participants in the age group between 45 and 54 years showed 74% greater odds of having low physical activity compared with the youngest age group (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.1 −2.8). People living in Barranquilla were eight times more likely to have low physical activity compared with those in Bogotá D.C. (OR 8.1, 95% CI 5.7 to 11.4).Conclusion: A large proportion of the population at risk of developing D2T in two large cities of Colombia have a sedentary lifestyle. Interventions should be designed and implemented in order to increase physical activity in these populations.

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