scholarly journals Yerba Maté (Illex Paraguariensis) ingestion augments fat oxidation and energy expenditure during exercise at various submaximal intensities

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alkhatib
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Yerba Mate

scholarly journals β-Adrenergically Stimulated Fat Oxidation Is Diminished in Middle-Aged Compared to Young Subjects*

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 3764-3769
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
W. H. M. Saris
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Young Subjects

Abstract The effect of aging on β-adrenergically mediated substrate utilization was investigated in nine young (25.2 ± 1.7 yr old) and eight older males (52.9 ± 2.1 yr old), matched for body weight and body composition. In a first experiment, the nonselectiveβ -agonist isoprenaline (ISO) was infused in increasing standardized doses, and during each infusion period energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by indirect calorimetry. In a second experiment, forearm skeletal muscle metabolism was studied during a standardized infusion dose of ISO (19 ng/kg fat-free mass·min). During β-adrenergic stimulation there was an increased carbohydrate oxidation (at an ISO infusion dose of 24 ng/kg fat-free mass·min, 31% vs. 21% of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) and a decreased fat oxidation (51 vs. 62 of total energy expenditure; P < 0.05) in older compared to young subjects. Skeletal muscle lactate release significantly increased in the older subjects (from −175 ± 32 to −366 ± 66 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min), whereas there was no change in young subjects (from− 32 ± 21 to 23 ± 57 nmol/100 mL forearm tissue·min; interaction group × ISO, P < 0.01). Additionally, there was a tendency toward a blunted ISO-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid uptake in the older subjects (interaction group × ISO, P = 0.062). Thus, middle-aged subjects have a blunted ability to oxidize fat during β-adrenergic stimulation compared to young subjects. This diminished fat oxidation may be an important etiological factor in the age-related increase in body fatness and obesity by favoring fat storage above oxidation.

Changes in 24-h substrate oxidation in older and younger men in response to exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Melanson ◽  
William T. Donahoo ◽  
Gary K. Grunwald ◽  
Robert Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Time Point

The purpose of this study was to compare 24-h substrate oxidation in older (OM; 60–75 yr, n = 7) and younger (YM; 20–30 yr, n = 7) men studied on sedentary day (Con) and on a day with exercise (Ex; net energy expenditure = 300 kcal). Plasma glucose and free fatty acids were also measured at several time points during the 24-h measurement. Weight was not different in OM and YM (means ± SD; 84.8 ± 16.9 vs. 81.4 ± 10.4 kg, respectively), although percent body fat was slightly higher in OM (25.9 ± 3.5 vs. 21.9 ± 9.7%; P = 0.17).Values of 24-h energy expenditure did not differ in OM and YM on the Con (means ± SE; 2,449 ± 162 vs. 2,484 ± 104 kcal/day, respectively) or Ex (2,902 ± 154 vs. 2,978 ± 122 kcal/day) days. Under both conditions, 24-h respiratory quotient was significantly lower and fat oxidation significantly higher in OM. Glucose concentrations were not different at any time point, but plasma free fatty acid concentrations were higher in OM, particularly following meals. Thus, under these controlled conditions, 24-h fat oxidation was not reduced and was in fact greater in OM. We speculate that differences in the availability of circulating free fatty acids in the postprandial state contributed to the observed differences in 24-h fat oxidation in OM and YM.

Metabolic response to feeding in weight-losing pancreatic cancer patients and its modulation by a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. BARBER ◽  
Donald C. MCMILLAN ◽  
Tom PRESTON ◽  
James A. ROSS ◽  
Kenneth C. H. FEARON
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Healthy Control

Weight-losing patients with advanced cancer often fail to gain weight with conventional nutritional support. This suboptimal response might be explained, in part, by an increased metabolic response to feeding. It has been suggested that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can modify beneficially the metabolic response to cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the metabolic response to feeding in cancer and the effects of an EPA-enriched oral food supplement on this response. A total of 16 weight-losing, non-diabetic patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma and six healthy, weight-stable controls were studied by indirect calorimetry in the fasting and fed states. Body composition was estimated by bioimpedence analysis. Cancer patients were then given a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement providing 2 g of EPA and 2550 kJ daily, and underwent repeat metabolic study after 3 weeks of such supplementation. At baseline, resting energy expenditure whether expressed per kg body weight, lean body mass or body cell mass was significantly greater in the cancer patients compared with controls. Fat oxidation was significantly higher in the fasting state in cancer patients [median 1.26 g·kg-1·min-1 (interquartile range 0.95–1.38)] than in controls [0.76 g·kg-1·min-1 (0.62–0.92); P < 0.05]. Over the 4 h feeding period, changes in insulin and glucose concentrations in cancer patients suggested relative glucose intolerance. In response to oral meal feeding, the percentage change in the area under the curve of energy expenditure was significantly lower in the cancer patients [median 7.9% (interquartile range 3.4–9.0)] than in controls [12.6% (9.9–15.1); P < 0.01]. After 3 weeks of the EPA-enriched supplement, the body weight of the cancer patients had increased and the energy expenditure in response to feeding had risen significantly [9.6% (6.3–12.4)], such that it was no different from baseline healthy control values. Similarly, fasting fat oxidation fell to 1.02 g·kg-1·min-1 (0.8–1.18), again no longer significantly different from baseline healthy control values. While weight-losing patients with advanced pancreatic cancer have an increased resting energy expenditure and increased fat oxidation, the energy cost of feeding is, in fact, reduced. Provision of a fish-oil-enriched nutritional supplement results in some normalization of the metabolic response in both the fasted and fed states, in association with an improvement in nutritional status.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein Lipase Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Attenuates Weight Regain by Potentiating Energy Expenditure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Admin ◽  
David M Presby ◽  
Michael C Rudolph ◽  
Vanessa D Sherk ◽  
Matthew R Jackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Moderate weight loss improves numerous risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; however, long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) is often thwarted by metabolic adaptations that suppress energy expenditure and facilitate weight regain. Skeletal muscle has a prominent role in energy homeostasis; therefore, we investigated the effect of WLM and weight regain on skeletal muscle in rodents. In skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats, WLM reduced fat oxidative capacity and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism. Interestingly, even after weight was regained, genes involved in fat metabolism genes were also reduced. We then subjected mice with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase overexpression (mCK-hLPL), which augments fat metabolism, to WLM and weight regain and found that mCK-hLPL attenuates weight regain by potentiating energy expenditure. Irrespective of genotype, weight regain suppressed dietary fat oxidation and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain. In summary, these results suggest that skeletal muscle fat oxidation is reduced during WLM and regain, and therapies that improve skeletal muscle fat metabolism may attenuate rapid weight regain.

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure, Fat Oxidation, and Body Weight Regulation: A Study of Metabolic Adaptation to Long- Term Weight Change

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Weyer ◽  
Richard E. Pratley ◽  
Arline D. Salbe ◽  
Clifton Bogardus ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation

Postexercise Fat Oxidation: Effect of Exercise Duration, Intensity, and Modality

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Warren ◽  
Erin J. Howden ◽  
Andrew D. Williams ◽  
James W. Fell ◽  
Nathan A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Substrate Selection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Ergometer Cycling

Postexercise fat oxidation may be important for exercise prescription aimed at optimizing fat loss. The authors examined the effects of exercise intensity, duration, and modality on postexercise oxygen consumption (VO2) and substrate selection/respiratory-exchange ratio (RER) in healthy individuals. Three experiments (n = 7 for each) compared (a) short- (SD) vs. long-duration (LD) ergometer cycling exercise (30 min vs. 90 min) matched for intensity, (b) low- (LI) vs. high-intensity (HI) cycling (50% vs. 85% of VO2max) matched for energy expenditure, and (c) continuous (CON) vs. interval (INT) cycling matched for energy expenditure and mean intensity. All experiments were administered by crossover design. Altering exercise duration did not affect postexercise VO2 or RER kinetics (p > .05). However, RER was lower and fat oxidation was higher during the postexercise period in LD vs. SD (p < .05). HI vs. LI resulted in a significant increase in total postexercise energy expenditure and fat oxidation (p < .01). Altering exercise modality (CON vs. INT) did not affect postexercise VO2, RER, or fat oxidation (p > .05). These results demonstrate that postexercise energy expenditure and fat oxidation can be augmented by increasing exercise intensity, but these benefits cannot be exploited by undertaking interval exercise (1:2-min work:recovery ratio) when total energy expenditure, duration, and mean intensity remain unchanged. In spite of the apparent benefit of these strategies, the amount of fat oxidized after exercise may be inconsequential compared with that oxidized during the exercise bout.

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