“Addressing the impact of stroke risk factors in a case control study in tertiary care hospitals”: a case control study in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Phukhtoonkhwa (KPK) Pakistan

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of both mortality and forgone healthy years of life among working-age adults (15-69 years) in South Asia. It is the leading cause of death in India and worldwide. For non-communicable diseases (NCDs), common, modifiable and easily measurable risk factors could be reliably used to predict the future burden of the diseases and to measure the effectiveness of public health interventions. A case-control study was undertaken to examine the socio-demographic profile of IHD patients and to identify the risk fac-tors in already diagnosed cases of IHD admitted in three tertiary care hospitals of Ahmedabad, India. We have in-cluded 100 cases and 100 controls who were group matched with the cases. The association of various risk factors with IHD was assessed. On univariate analysis it was found that 7 out of 8 risk factors were significantly associated with IHD. They are alcohol consumption (OR; 14.6, 95% CI; 6.4-33.3), smoking (OR; 13.6, 95% CI; 6.6-27.8), to-bacco consumption in non-smoking form (OR;2.3, 95% CI; 0.78-7.02), hypertension (OR; 6.5, 95% CI; 3.4-12.3), Type 2 diabetes (OR; 4.5, 95% CI; 2.4-8.7), obesity (OR; 9.7, 95% CI; 4.9-19.1), sedentary lifestyle (OR; 3.8, CI; 1.8-8.4 ) and family history (OR; 5.3, 95% CI; 2.8-9.9). This study identified the significance of alcohol, smoking, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle and family history in the outcome of IHD. This suggests that the increased cardiovascular risk among the urban population of Ahmedabad city may be preventable through lifestyle interventions along with the judicious use of medicines to attain optimal levels of blood pressure, lipids and glucose among the high risk population. South East Asia Journal of Public Health 2013; 3(1): 57-60 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v3i1.17712

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Risk Factors for Neonatal Sepsis in Secondary and Tertiary Care Hospitals of a District in Sri Lanka: A Case–Control Study

Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1732472 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chintha Jayasinghe ◽

Chrishantha Abeysena

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Control ◽

History Of ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Methods A case–control study was performed in secondary and tertiary care hospitals of a district in Sri Lanka. Neonates who diagnosed with sepsis based on clinical criteria or culture positivity were taken as the case group (n = 240) and neonates born during the same period who had not been diagnosed with sepsis were taken as the control group (n = 240). The controls were recruited from the community. The study instruments were, pretested interviewer administered questionnaire, a check list and record sheets. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with the 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The independent risk factors for neonatal sepsis were history of abortions, still birth, and early neonatal deaths (OR: 6.78; 95% CI: 3.2–14.3), registration of pregnancy after 8 weeks of gestation (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.07–3.4), total antenatal clinic visits ≤4 (OR: 7.18; 95% CI: 2.1–24.5), history of maternal fever prior to the week of delivery (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.25–6.0) leaking amniotic fluid >18 hours (OR: 10.0; 95% CI: 2.1–47.4), performed >3 vaginal examinations before delivery (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 2.1–24.5), meconium stained amniotic fluid (OR: 10.57; 95% CI: 3.7–29.7), mode of delivery by cesarean section, forceps or vacuum (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.4–3.9), time of birth of the neonate being during on-call hours (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.3–3.5), being a male baby (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8), and birth weight <2,500 g (OR: 5.17; 95% CI: 2.8–9.6) of neonates. Conclusion Most of the identified risk factors for neonatal sepsis were modifiable. Stringent implementation of guidelines and protocols would prevent neonatal sepsis.

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Assessment of Stroke Risk Factors in Young Adults at Different Ages: A One-Year Case-Control Study (P01.008)

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p01.008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (Meeting Abstracts 1) ◽

pp. P01.008-P01.008

Author(s):

F. Babtain ◽

M. Al Hamrany ◽

A. Al Hazzani ◽

E. Al Shehri ◽

B. Al Ghamdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Stroke Risk Factors ◽

Different Ages ◽

One Year ◽

Control Study

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Stroke risk factors in an incident population in urban and rural Tanzania: a prospective, community-based, case-control study

The Lancet Global Health ◽

10.1016/s2214-109x(13)70068-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. e282-e288 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Richard W Walker ◽

Ahmed Jusabani ◽

Eric Aris ◽

William K Gray ◽

Nigel Unwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Based ◽

Stroke Risk Factors ◽

Rural Tanzania ◽

Control Study

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Clinical characteristics and risk factors for community-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: A retrospective, case-control study in a tertiary care hospital in Japan

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.jiac.2015.09.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 864-867 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nobuaki Mori ◽

Yasuko Aoki

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Control ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Control Study

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Outcomes of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection and the Impact of Antimicrobial and Adjunctive Therapies

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/592412 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 1099-1106 ◽

Cited By ~ 528

Author(s):

Gopi Patel ◽

Shirish Huprikar ◽

Stephanie H. Factor ◽

Stephen G. Jenkins ◽

David P. Calfee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Patient Survival ◽

Case Control ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Matched Case ◽

The Impact ◽

Control Study

Background.Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging healthcare-associated pathogen.Objective.To describe the epidemiology of and clinical outcomes associated with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection and to identify risk factors associated with mortality among patients with this type of infection.Setting.Mount Sinai Hospital, a 1,171-bed tertiary care teaching hospital in New York City.Design.Two matched case-control studies.Methods.In the first matched case-control study, case patients with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection were compared with control patients with carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae infection. In the second case-control study, patients who survived carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection were compared with those who did not survive, to identify risk factors associated with mortality among patients with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection.Results.There were 99 case patients and 99 control patients identified. Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection was independently associated with recent organ or stem-cell transplantation (P = .008), receipt of mechanical ventilation (P = .04), longer length of stay before infection (P = .01), and exposure to cephalosporins (P = .02) and carbapenems (P < .001). Case patients were more likely than control patients to die during hospitalization (48% vs 20%; P < .001) and to die from infection (38% vs 12%; P < .001). Removal of the focus of infection (ie, debridement) was independently associated with patient survival (P = .002). The timely administration of antibiotics with in vitro activity against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae was not associated with patient survival.Conclusions.Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection is associated with numerous healthcare-related risk factors and with high mortality. The mortality rate associated with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection and the limited antimicrobial options for treatment of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection highlight the need for improved detection of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection, identification of effective preventive measures, and development of novel agents with reliable clinical efficacy against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.

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