scholarly journals Studies on pre-treatment by compression for wood impregnation II: the impregnation of wood compressed at different moisture content conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youke Zhao ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Ikuho Iida ◽  
Juan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Impregnation ◽  
Pre Treatment

Burned wood in the pulp and paper industry: A literature review

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Watson ◽  
Simon Potter
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wood Chemistry ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Kraft Cooking ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Forest Architecture

Fires play an integral part in Canadian forest architecture. Low-value wood, from burned stems, is an important source of fibre for the pulp and paper industry. Although wood chemistry changes induced by fire are substantial, burned stems exhibit a demarcation layer between the char and undamaged wood which is only a few cells thick. The loss of stem moisture content requires that burned wood is processed within one year. Aggressive debarking will minimize charcoal contamination and careful metering of chips from burned wood into any pulping process is essential. Chips with low moisture content must be pre-steamed prior to kraft cooking, and chemical pre-treatment may improve mechanical pulp quality. Key words: burn intensity, wood chemistry, charring, stem moisture content, charcoal contamination, chip metering

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling of the Drying Kinetics of Thinly-Sliced Saba (Musa Balbasiana) Using Hot-Air Dryer

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Lola Domnina B. Pestaño ◽  
John Paul T. Bautista ◽  
Reizl JR. H. Leguiab ◽  
Sean Danielle D. Puri
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Best Fit

Banana is one of the top produced crops in the Philippines, and among its cultivars is the Musa balbasiana, commonly known as saba. Due to its high moisture content, saba is perishable and one of the methods to increase its shelf-life is drying. The shelf life of saba can be extended up to six months when dried to 12% moisture content. The research focuses on the effect of banana maturity and choses a mathematical model which will best fit its drying kinetics. The banana samples, the unripe and ripe saba, were bone-dried without pre-treatment using a hot-air tray drier. To produce repeatable data, three trials were done for temperatures 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. Among the three mathematical models used in the study, the treated data for both unripe and ripe saba best fit the Laplace Transform Model. Using Lagrange interpolation, the time per trial was computed; unripe saba dried at 50°C achieved the ideal moisture content in an average time of 87.5574 minutes for the three trials while that of ripe saba dried at 40°C achieved the same moisture content in an average time of 88.8619 minutes for the three trials. With the increase in temperature, the discoloration decreased indicating an enzymatic character ofbrowning.

A Thermomechanical Preprocessing for Pectin Isolation from Orange Peel with Optimisation by Response Surface Methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid-Ahmed Rezzoug ◽  
Zoulikha Maache-Rezzoug ◽  
Frédéric Sannier ◽  
Karim Allaf
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Pre Treatment

The instantaneous controlled pressure drop process (or D.I.C process: ``Détente Instantanée Contrôlée") was used as a pre-treatment prior to pectin acid extraction from orange peel. This process involves subjecting the orange peel for a short time to steam pressure varying from 100 to 700 kPa, followed by an instantaneous decompression to vacuum at 5 kPa. Effects of processing pressure, moisture content of peels before the thermomechanical treatment and processing time were examined with response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were determined and the response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical models. The Fisher test and p-value indicated that both processing pressure and moisture content of peels before the pre-treatment had a highly significant effect on the pectin yield. The quadratic effect of processing pressure as well as the interaction effects of the initial moisture content and processing time also had a significant effect on the response. Moreover, the kinetics of pectin extraction showed that after few minutes of hydrolysis, the yields of pectin were systematically higher than that of the control sample and this is important from industrial point of view because the hydrolysis of pectin is generally performed in 10-15 minutes.

The influence of seed pre-treatments and soil conditions on the emergence of sesame seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Day
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Gibberellic Acid Treatment

Poor and uneven emergence of seedlings decreases the efficiency of sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed production. In a glasshouse study, seedling emergence was reduced by low soil moisture content (less than 20%, w/v) and by waterlogging (common in soils with small soil particles). Watering events that failed to raise soil moisture content above 20% caused most seeds to germinate (more than than 80%), but only some of these seeds emerged from the soil (less than 50%). Gibberellic acid pre-treatment of seeds (50 or 1000 mg/L) failed to improve emergence of seeds from soils with an initial soil moisture content less than 20%. This result supports previous reports suggesting that gibberellic acid treatment does not influence seedling emergence, and may only be useful to overcome seed dormancy in those sesame varieties where dormancy is a problem. For maximum emergence it is recommended that sesame seeds be sown in non-waterlogged soils and that soil moisture content be maintained above 20% for a number of days after sowing.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Ampas Tahu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biodiesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Trisnawati Trisnawati ◽  
Daud K. Walanda ◽  
Irwan Said
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Biodiesel Quality ◽  
Pre Treatment

Biodiesel is an alternative raw material for fuel of diesel motor made from vegetable oil. This study attempted to utilize tofu dregs as raw material for biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the yield of biodiesel produced and the content of methyl esters in the biodiesel yield, and to analyze the quality of biodiesel produced based on Indonesian national standard (SNI). This study consisted of four stages: the provision of samples, pre-treatment, esterification and transesterification, and analysis of the quality of biodiesel produced which include the density at 15 °C, the viscosity at 40 °C, and the moisture content. The results showed that the yield of biodiesel was 4.01%, and the content of methyl ester shown by larger Rf (0.87) using eluent of hexane:diethylether:formic acid. Results of the analysis of biodiesel quality obtained the density at 15°C was 864 kg/m3, the viscosity at 40 °C was 2.57 mm2/s, and the water content was 4%. Based on the parameters ofthe density at 15 °C and the viscosity at 40 °C, the product of biodiesel met the requirements of SNI, while in term of the water content the product did not meet the requirements of SNI.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality of chilled and frozen African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) fillets

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Marlena Justyna Baryczka ◽  
Iwona Chwastowska-Siwiecka ◽  
Jacek Kondratowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Catfish Fillets ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Water Holding

The quality of chilled and frozen African catfish fillets was compared. The experiment was performed on 20 individuals of Clarias gariepinus aged < 1 year, with estimated body weight of 1 kg. A total of 40 right and left fillets were subjected to pre-treatment. Chilled right fillets (20) and left fillets (20) stored for 8 months in the freezer were subjected to quantitative and qualitative laboratory analyses. Chilled African catfish fillets had a lower of moisture content, higher of total protein, fat and crude ash, and higher energy value than frozen samples. Chilled fillets had also higher water-holding capacity, lower cooking loss and higher tenderness.

Determination of the Bond Strength of Wood Veneer and Geopolymer Matrix by Means of a Pull-Out Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Siti Noorbaini Sarmin ◽  
Wan Mohd Nazri Wan Abdul Rahman ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Nurrohana Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
Wood Veneer ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Geopolymer Matrix ◽  
Pre Treatment

The bonding strength of wood veneer (Picea abies) attached between a geopolymer matrixes were investigated by means of a pull-out test. Effects of pre-treatment of wood on the bonding strength were applied whereas a strong influence of pre-treatment on bonding strength could be observed. The treatment of wood veneer showed that using wet veneer (~90% moisture content) leads to the best results compared to untreated dry (~12% moisture content) veneer. Furthermore, the effects of sodium hydroxide extraction and sodium silicate treatment were examined. The lignin UV absorbance values in treated wood, obtained by scanning ultraviolet microspectrophotometry (UMSP), do not show any significant changes in absorbance which mean that there were no complex changes in phenolic wood components, including modification of the lignin side chains. It can be said that the alkaline environment needed for geopolymer was not the main problem that limits wood (Picea abies)-geopolymer compatibility.

Effect of Osmotic Pre-Treatment on the Air-Drying Behavior and Quality of Plum Tomato Pieces

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne S Brooks ◽  
Abdel E Ghaly ◽  
Nabiha H Abou El-Hana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Critical Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Behavior ◽  
Critical Moisture ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cut Surface

The air-drying behavior and quality of plum tomato pieces after pre-treatment with different osmotic solutions was investigated. Four pre-treatment solutions (comprised of salt, sugar and/or calcium lactate), three sample geometries (halves, quarters and eighths) and two air-drying temperatures (55 and 65°C) were studied. During osmotic pre-treatment, the moisture loss of the tomato pieces decreased with osmotic pressure. The proportion of skin to cut surface area was found to be important for osmotic moisture loss. As the percentage of cut surface area decreased (59.6%, 47.6% and 25.3% for the eighths, quarters and halves, respectively) and the percentage of skin on the sample increased, the percentage osmotic moisture loss also decreased. At an air-drying temperature of 55°C, the critical moisture content for storage (15%, wet basis) for the pre-treated halves, quarters and eighths was reached after 25-27, 15-18 and 9-12 hours, respectively. At 65°C, the critical moisture content was reached after 16-19, 9-13 and 6-8 hours, respectively. In both cases, the osmotic pre-treatment reduced the critical drying time. The reduction in moisture ratio over time was described by an exponential model (R2 values ? 0.92). The specific drying rate increased with osmotic pre-treatment and was more affected by air-drying temperature than the type of osmotic solution, while the geometry of the samples had no significant effect. Air-dried samples with osmotic pre-treatment were closer to the color of fresh tomato than samples without pre-treatment.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PADA KLOBOT JAGUNG SEBAGAI KEMASAN TERHADAP MUTU KERAKE SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Desy Ambar Sari ◽  
Zainuri Zainuri ◽  
Wiharyani Werdiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Total Fungi

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of pre-treatment on corn husks as primary packaging for kerake quality during storage. The design used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor i.e. pretreatment consisted of K1 (drying), K2 (combination of steaming and drying), K3 (heating with irons), K4 (sterilization by autoclave), and K5 (oven) and it was repeated three times. Data were analyzed using Co-Stat software with 5% significance differences. The treatments that were significantly different were then analyzed using Honestly Significance Difference (HSD). The results showed that pretreatment of the corn husks as primary packaging was not significantly different on moisture content, fat content, taste, and texture kerake during storage. But were significantly different on flavor kerake. Steaming and drying treatment was able to decrease the growth of total fungi to <1.0 x 102 CFU/gr during 14 days of storage, which means total fungi were still accepted according to SNI (maximum 1.0 x 102 CFU/gr). Steaming and drying treatment also produced kerake with flavor, texture, and aroma that is preferred by panelists.

scholarly journals The influence of the initial soil moisture content on the degree of water stable aggregation as determined by wet sieving

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Mikko Sillanpää
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Wet Sieving

The effect of the soil moisture content (varying from the field-moist to air-dry before re-wetting the muddy clay soil samples for aggregate analysis) on aggregation was studied. Two wetting procedures were used and compared: They were spraying samples with a fine mist and wetting them by immersion; aggregate analyses were made by wet sieving method. The results of the aggregate analyses proved to be practically independent of the initial moisture condition of the soil samples when the samples were wetted slowly with a spray. When wetting the samples by direct immersion the mean weight diameters of aggregates decrease with decreasing initial soil moisture content to values of less than half of those obtained from samples in their original field-moist condition (34.6—36.7 % dry wt.) or of those wetted with a spray. Air-drying seems to be a minor factor affecting the destruction of aggregates but the destruction effect of the sample pre-treatment may be very harmful if immersion wetting is used. This, however, can be eliminated almost completely if wetting with a fine mist is used.

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