AEO-7 surfactant is “super toxic” and induces severe cardiac, liver and locomotion damage in zebrafish embryos

Abstract Background Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7 (AEO-7), a non-ionic surfactant, has recently been receiving extensive attention from the ocean pipeline industry for its ability to inhibit corrosion. However, the present lack of information concerning the potential environmental toxicity of AEO-7, especially towards aquatic organisms, is a major impediment to its wider application. Here, we assess potential adverse effects of AEO-7 on zebrafish embryos employing a variety of assays, including (i) a mortality/survival assay which allowed the median lethal concentration (LC50) to be calculated; (ii) a teratogenicity assay on the basis of which the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined; and (iii) specific assays of cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity (based on locomotion), hematopoietic toxicity (the level of hemoglobin as revealed by o-dianisidine staining) and hepatotoxicity (liver steatosis and yolk retention examined by staining with Oil Red O). Results AEO-7 caused mortality with a calculated LC50 of 15.35 μg/L, which, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Acute Toxicity Rating scale, should be considered “super toxic”. Although at its NOEC (0.8 μg/L), there were no signs of significant teratogenicity, cardiotoxicity, or hemopoiesis toxicity, 3.2 µg/L AEO-7 exerted dramatic detrimental effects on organ development. Conclusion On the basis of these findings, we recommend that the industrial usage and environmental impact of AEO-7 be re-evaluated and strictly monitored by environmental and public health organizations.

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AEO-7 Surfactant is “super Toxic” and Induces Severe Cardiac, Liver and Locomotion Damage in Zebrafish Embryos

10.21203/rs.3.rs-79302/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maha Al-Asmakh ◽

Amin F. Majdalawieh ◽

Aboubakr M. Abdullah ◽

Nadin Younes ◽

Sahar I. Da'as ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Public Health Organizations ◽

Survival Assay ◽

Hematopoietic Toxicity ◽

Oil Red O

Abstract BackgroundFatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7 (AEO-7), a non-ionic surfactant, has recently been receiving extensive attention from the ocean pipeline industry for its ability to inhibit corrosion. However, the present lack of information concerning the potential environmental toxicity of AEO-7, especially towards aquatic organisms, is a major impediment to its wider application. Here, we assess potential adverse effects of AEO-7 on zebrafish embryos employing a variety of assays, including (i) a mortality/survival assay which allowed the median lethal concentration (LC50) to be calculated; (ii) a teratogenicity assay on the basis of which the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined; and (iii) specific assays of cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity (based on locomotion), hematopoietic toxicity (the level of hemoglobin as revealed by o-dianisidine staining) and hepatotoxicity (liver steatosis and yolk retention examined by staining with Oil Red O). ResultsAEO-7 caused mortality with a calculated LC50 of 15.35 μg/L, which, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Acute Toxicity Rating scale, should be considered “super toxic”. Although at its NOEC (0.8 μg/L), there were no signs of significant teratogenicity, cardiotoxicity, or hemopoiesis toxicity, 3.2 µg/L AEO-7 exerted dramatic detrimental effects on organ development. ConclusionOn the basis of these findings, we recommend that the industrial usage and environmental impact of AEO-7 be re-evaluated and strictly monitored by environmental and public health organizations.

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Ecotoxicological Assessment of Thermally- and Hydrogen-Reduced Graphene Oxide/TiO2 Photocatalytic Nanocomposites Using the Zebrafish Embryo Model

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9040488 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 488 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Halema Al-Kandari ◽

Nadin Younes ◽

Ola Al-Jamal ◽

Zain Z. Zakaria ◽

Huda Najjar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Zebrafish Embryo ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Ecotoxicological Assessment ◽

Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Hematopoietic Toxicity ◽

Water Pollution Management

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently attracted great interest in water pollution management. Using the zebrafish embryo model, we investigated the environmental impacts of two thermally (RGOTi)- and hydrogen (H2RGOTi)-reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 semiconductor photocatalysts recently employed in AOPs. For this purpose, acutoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurobehavioral toxicity, hematopoietic toxicity, and hatching rate were determinate. For the RGOTi, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC, mortality/teratogenicity score <20%) and the median lethal concentration (LC50) were <400 and 748.6 mg/L, respectively. H2RGOTi showed a NOEC similar to RGOTi. However, no significant mortality was detected at all concentrations used in the acutoxicity assay (up to1000 mg/L), thus indicating a hypothetical LC50 higher than 1000 mg/L. According to the Fish and Wildlife Service Acute Toxicity Rating Scale, RGOTi can be classified as “practically not toxic” and H2RGOTi as “relatively harmless”. However, both nanocomposites should be used with caution at concentration higher than the NOEC (400 mg/L), in particular RGOTi, which significantly (i) caused pericardial and yolk sac edema; (ii) decreased the hatching rate, locomotion, and hematopoietic activities; and (iii) affected the heart rate. Indeed, the aforementioned teratogenic phenotypes were less devastating in H2RGOTi-treated embryos, suggesting that the hydrogen-reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 photocatalysts may be more ecofriendly than the thermally-reduced ones.

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Assaying uptake of endocrine disruptor compounds in zebrafish embryos and larvae

10.1101/169987 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

J. Paige Souder ◽

Daniel A. Gorelick

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disruptors ◽

Cyclosporine A ◽

Abc Transporters ◽

Endocrine Disruptor ◽

Ethinyl Estradiol ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Environmental Endocrine Disruptors

AbstractTo study the effects of environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) on aquatic animals, embryos and larvae are typically incubated in water containing defined concentrations of EEDs. However, the amount of EED uptake into the animal is often difficult to determine. Using radiolabeled estradiol ([3H]E2), we previously developed a rapid, straightforward assay to measure estradiol uptake from water into zebrafish embryos and larvae. Here, we extend this approach to measure the uptake of two additional EEDs, bisphenol A (BPA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE2). As with E2, the uptake of each compound by individual larvae was low (< 6%), and increased with increasing concentration, duration, and developmental stage. We found that E2 and EE2 had similar uptake under equivalent exposure conditions, while BPA had comparatively lower uptake. One application of this assay is to test factors that influence EED uptake or efflux. It has been suggested that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) inhibit ABC transporters that may normally efflux EEDs and their metabolites, inducing toxicity in aquatic organisms. We measured [3H]E2 levels in zebrafish in the presence or absence of the POP PDBE-100, and cyclosporine A, a known inhibitor of ABC transporters. Neither chemical significantly affected [3H]E2 levels in zebrafish, suggesting that zebrafish maintain estradiol efflux in the presence of PDBE-100, independently of cyclosporine A-responsive transporters. These uptake results will be a valuable reference for EED exposure studies in developing zebrafish, and provide a rapid assay to screen for chemicals that influence estrogen-like EED levels in vivo.

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Sensitivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos to Hospital Effluent Compared to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934616 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. S681-S691

Author(s):

M WITTLEROVÁ ◽

G JÍROVÁ ◽

A VLKOVÁ ◽

K KEJLOVÁ ◽

M MALÝ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Daphnia Magna ◽

Sublethal Effects ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Spinal Curvature ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Fish Embryo ◽

Additional Tool ◽

Aliivibrio Fischeri

The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test was adopted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as OECD TG 236 in 2013. The test has been designed to determine acute toxicity of chemicals on embryonic stages of fish and proposed as an alternative method to the Fish Acute Toxicity Test performed according to OECD TG 203. In recent years fish embryos were used not only in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals but also for environmental and wastewater samples. In our study we investigated the acute toxicity of treated wastewater from seven hospitals in the Czech Republic. Our main purpose was to compare the suitability and sensitivity of zebrafish embryos with the sensitivity of two other aquatic organisms commonly used for wastewater testing – Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri. For the aim of this study, in addition to the lethal endpoints of the FET test, sublethal effects such as delayed heartbeat, lack of blood circulation, pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal curvature and pigmentation failures were evaluated. The comparison of three species demonstrated that the sensitivity of zebrafish embryos is comparable or in some cases higher than the sensitivity of D. magna and A. fischeri. The inclusion of sublethal endpoints caused statistically significant increase of the FET test efficiency in the range of 1-12 %. Based on our results, the FET test, especially with the addition of sublethal effects evaluation, can be considered as a sufficiently sensitive and useful additional tool for ecotoxicity testing of the acute toxicity potential of hospital effluents.

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Combined Toxicity of Xenobiotics Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals on Zebrafish Embryos (Danio rerio)

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9120344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 344

Author(s):

Davide Di Paola ◽

Fabiano Capparucci ◽

Giovanni Lanteri ◽

Marika Cordaro ◽

Rosalia Crupi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Environmental Pollutant ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Zebrafish Larvae ◽

Oxidative Stress Pathway ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Stress Pathway

Environmental pollutants may cause adverse effects on the immune system of aquatic organisms. This study revealed that combination of environmental pollutants and Bisphenol A(BPA) could cause an acute inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae as shown by body alterations, which may imply a common immunotoxicity mechanism for most environmental pollutants. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity after co-exposure of BPA and Cd or Cr (III) in zebrafish embryos and larvae, and the oxidative stress pathway involved. Evaluation of lethal and developmental endpoints such as hatching, edema, malformations, abnormal heart rate and survival rate were evaluated after 96 h of exposure. Combination of BPA at 10 μM with Cd or Cr at 0.5 μM exposure induce malformations at 96 hpf in zebrafish larvae, as well as significantly increases oxidative stress and induce apoptosis on larvae. Our study suggested how environmental pollutant showed a synergistic effect at common not-effective doses, promoting decrease of antioxidant defense and contrasted fish development.

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Blueberries effects in experimental diet-induced prediabetes: a focus on renal impairment

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa040.055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

A Alves ◽

I Preguiça ◽

A Barbosa ◽

P Vieira ◽

D Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Impairment ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Blueberry Juice ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Kidney Impairment ◽

Oil Red O Staining ◽

Oil Red O

Abstract Introduction Benefits arising from blueberry (BB) consumption are well-described in type 2 diabetes evolution and inherent complications. Lending further support to this thesis, previous work from our group unequivocally demonstrates BB supplementation efficacy to manage prediabetic hepatic liver steatosis. Whether a similar effect also holds truth in early renal impairment is an unsolved issue. Objectives To address blueberry juice (BJ) ability to exert renoprotective effects in experimental prediabetes. Methodology Diet-induced prediabetes [high-sucrose (35% Hsu) and high-fat (60% HF)] was developed in adult male Wistar rats through the ingestion of HSu for 9 weeks supplemented by HF for another 14 weeks (HSuHF, n = 16). On W9, half of the former animals orally received BJ (25g/kg BW, HSuHF+BJ). Control animals (n = 8) received standard diet during the entire protocol. Functional [serum and urinary creatinine, uric acid, glucose; glomerular filtration rate (GFR)], structural [H&E and Oil Red O staining] and molecular [triglycerides content and inflammation (RT-qPCR, WB)] markers of renal injury were assessed along with metabolic profile. Results Even though diet-induced glucose intolerance, insulin insensitivity and plasmatic hypertriglyceridemia were significantly ameliorated upon BJ treatment, this nutraceutical intervention was unable to halt or slow down renal lipidosis and glomerular crescent-like lesions apart from a slight amelioration of both GFR and IL-6 levels in HSuHF-treated rats. Conclusion Unlike previous results clearly demonstrating the ability of BJ nutraceutical intervention to afford protection against metabolic impairment and hepatic steatosis evolution in experimentally diet-induced prediabetes, only a modest renoprotective effect was observed in functional and morphological renal endpoints. Future studies are warranted to dissect the divergent effects of BJ on early liver and kidney impairment.

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Oil Red O Is a Useful Tool to Assess Donor Liver Steatosis on Frozen Sections During Transplantation

Transplantation Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.06.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 3539-3543 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. Riva ◽

M. Villanova ◽

L. Cima ◽

C. Ghimenton ◽

C. Bronzoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Steatosis ◽

Frozen Sections ◽

Donor Liver ◽

Oil Red O

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Toxicity Evaluation of Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine Surfactant on Embryonic development of Zebrafish

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0194 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hadeel Al-Jighefee ◽

Roba Abdin ◽

Gheyath Khalid Nasrallah ◽

Ola Aljamal

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Household Products ◽

Health Agencies ◽

Organ Specific

Background: Surfactants best known for their use in the industry of detergents, household products, and cosmetics. Usually, the amount of released surfactants into the environment is diluted during secondary water treatment. However, there is always a risk of releasing untreated and polluted wastewater containing high amounts of surfactants without knowing the harmful effect on biotic and abiotic elements of the environment. SAPDMA is a surfactant that is used mostly in cosmetics, conditioning agents, and recently in corrosion inhibition. The classification of SAPDMA as a “safe” or “green” surfactant by different environment or chemical agencies is ambiguous, and the literature is lacking. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of SAPDMAusing the zebrafish embryo model. Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of SAPDMA and the effect was assessed by different toxicity assays. This includes mortality/ survival assay to assess the median lethal dose (LC50) teratogenicity assay to assess the no observed effect concentration (NOEC); and organ specific toxicity assays including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity (using locomotion assay), and hemoglobin synthesis (using odianisidine staining). Results: Exposure of zebrafish embryos to SAPDMA caused mortality in a dose-dependent manner with a calculated LC50 of 2.3 mg/L. Thus, based on the LC50 value and according to the Fish and Wildlife Service Acute Toxicity Rating Scale, SAPDMA is classified as “moderately toxic”. The NOEC, the concentration that did not cause any significant teratogenicity, was 0.1mg/L. However, this concentration caused significant organ specific and cytotoxic effects, suggesting that harmless concentrations of SAPDMAare lower than 0.1 mg/L. Conclusion: Our data indicate that SAPDMA at very low concentrations causes adverse effects on zebrafish embryos. Thus, we recommend that the use of SAPDMA in industry should be re-evaluated and monitored by the environment and public health agencies.

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Recipes from Yellow Clam Meretrix casta (Chemnitz)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.24.25 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

G. Srilatha ◽

A. Eswar ◽

T. Manikandarajan ◽

K. Ramamoorthy ◽

G. Sankar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Habits ◽

Food Item ◽

World Wide ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Qualitative Change ◽

Red Meat ◽

Consumer Acceptance ◽

High Quality ◽

Lack Of Information

Seafood is an excellent provider of protein with high biological values. Fish, shellfish and other aquatic organisms are appropriate for food and have world-wide importance. They‟re wonderful sources of high quality proteins, superior to those in red meat and poultry foods. The human dietary amendments that characterize the “nutrition transition” include every quantitative and qualitative change in the human diets. The present study Meretrix casta meat is used for the preparation of excellent recipes like cake, soup and mint stuffed tomato with yellow clam using M. casta meat, that have the potential to be become a regular food item in the house hold diet with consumer acceptance. The differences in food habits over the length and breadth of the nation are most that available food resources are not being used properly due to the lack of information regarding their importance. The panel of judges vouched safe for taste and delicacy of the dishes in the present study. The panel detected that the dishes were a lot of as good as those created out of the much sought after seafood in taste, smell and flavor

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Thermal stress induces positive phenotypic and molecular feedback loops in zebrafish embryos

10.1101/2021.04.07.438623 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lauric Feugere ◽

Victoria F. Scott ◽

Quentin Rodriguez-Barucg ◽

Pedro Beltran-Alvarez ◽

Katharina C. Wollenberg Valero

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Feedback Loops ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽

Abiotic Stressors

AbstractAquatic organisms must cope with both rising and rapidly changing temperatures. These environmental changes can affect numerous traits, from molecular to ecological scales. Biotic stressors can induce the release of chemical cues which trigger behavioural responses in other individuals. In this study, we infer whether abiotic stressors, such as fluctuating temperature, may similarly propagate stress responses between individuals in fish not directly exposed to the stressor. To test this hypothesis, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed for 24 hours to fluctuating thermal stress, to medium in which another embryo was thermally stressed before (“stress medium”), and to a combination of these. Growth, behaviour, and expression of a panel of genes were used to characterise the thermal stress response and its propagation between embryos. Both high temperatures and stress medium significantly accelerated development and altered embryonic behaviour. Thermal stress significantly decreased the expression of the antioxidant gene SOD1, eight hours after the end of exposure. Of note, we found that the expression of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), likewise a part of the antioxidant metabolism relevant in vertebrate stress response, and of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), involved in the immune response, were significantly altered by stress medium. This study illustrates the existence of positive thermal stress feedback loops in zebrafish embryos that induce stress in conspecifics. This evidence that thermal stress due to fluctuating, high temperatures can be propagated may be relevant for species found in high densities, either in aquaculture or in the natural environment, in a context of global change.

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