scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility profiles of Streptococcus pyogenes among pediatric patients with acute pharyngitis at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Kebede ◽  
Alemale Admas ◽  
Daniel Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Abstract Background Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is a Gram positive bacterium which is a leading cause of pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infection and post streptococcal syndromes. Due to lack of β-lactamase enzyme production, it was considered universally susceptible to penicillin group and later generation of β-lactam antibiotics. As such, empirical treatment was common which might leads to development of antibiotics resistance. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, antibiotics susceptibility profile; and associated factors of S. pyogenes among pediatric patients with acute pharyngitis in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out on 154 pediatric patients, whose age ranged from 0 to 18 years old using consecutive convenient sampling technique from 1st February to 19th June 2020 at FHCSH. S. pyogenes were identified by throat swab culture on 5% sheep blood agar with an overnight incubation at 37 °C in candle jar containing 5% CO2. Gram stain, catalase test and bacitracin test were used to identify S. pyogenes. Then,the data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. Finally, stepwise, bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out for identifyying factors having significant ssociation (p<0.05) with  acute pharyngitis.  Results From the total throat swabs, 14 (9.1%) with (95% CI; 4.5–14.3) were culture positive for S. pyogenes. From these, all isolates were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. On the otherhand, 4 (35.7%), 4 (35.5%), 3 (21.4%), 2 (14.3%), 1 (7.1%), 7 (50.0%) and 1 (7.1%) isolates were resistant for ceftriaxone, vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and levofloxacin, respectively. The presence of any smoker in home showed significant association with S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis. Furthermore, having tender lymphadenopathy and recurrence were clinical predictors for S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis (P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of S. pyogenes was guaged at 9.1% which is considered as low prevalence. All S. pyogenes isolats remain sensitive to penicillin. However, resistance was reported to clindamycin 7 (50.0%), ceftriaxone 5 (35.7%) and erythromycin 3 (21.4%). The current practice of giving erythromycin, clindamycin instead of penicillin and ampicillin is againest the microbiology result. Therefore, current empirical treatment of acute pharyngitis shall take in to account the current evidences. Continuous surveillance of antibiotics resistance pattern of S. pyogenes for acute pharyngitis must be strengthen to improve the use of antibiotics in hospitals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotics Susceptibility Profiles of Streptococcus Pyogenes Among Pediatric Patients With Acute Pharyngitis at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Kebede ◽  
Alemale Admas ◽  
Daniel Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Abstract Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is a Gram positive bacterium which is a leading cause of pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infection and post streptococcal syndromes. Due to lack of β-lactamase enzyme production, it was considered universally susceptible to penicillin group and later generation of β-lactam antibiotics. As such, empirical treatment was common which might leads to development of antibiotics resistance. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility profile; associated factors of S. pyogenes among pediatrics patients with acute pharyngitis in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest EthiopiaMethods: A total of 154 pediatric patients, whose age ranged from 0-18 years recruited to the study by convenient sampling technique on which hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st February to 19th June 2020 at FHCSH. S. pyogenes were identified by throat swab culture on 5% sheep blood agar with an overnight incubation at 37oC in candle jar with 5% CO2. Gram stain, catalase test and bacitracin test were used to identify S. pyogenes. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. Bivariables and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out for analysis by considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: From the total throat swabs, 14 (9.1%) with (95% CI; 4.5-14.3) were culture positive for S. pyogenes. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin whereas 4 (35.7%), 4 (35.5%), 3 (21.4%), 2 (14.3%), 1 (7.1%), 7 (50.0%) and 1 (7.1%) were resistant for ceftriaxone, vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and levofloxacin, respectively. Presence of any smoker in home was significantly associated with S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis, while tender lymphadenopathy and recurrence were clinical predictors for S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of S. pyogenes 9.1% which is considered as low prevalence. All S. pyogenes remain sensitive to penicillin and resistance was also obtained to clindamycin 7 (50.0%), ceftriaxone 5 (35.7%), erythromycin 3 (21.4%). The current practice of giving erythromycin, clindamycin instead of penicillin and ampicillin is in contrary with microbiology result. There should be routine throat culture and a continuous surveillance of antibiotics resistance pattern for S. pyogenes to improve the use of antibiotics in hospitals.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Bacteria Isolates from Household Water Distribution Tanks in Ado-Ekiti

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704
Author(s):  
T.F. Babalola ◽  
T.O. Olowomofe ◽  
T.R. Omodara ◽  
T.Y. Ogunyemi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Total Bacteria

Water is essential to life. The existence of all forms of life is dependent on an adequate water supply. The exigent need for water supply in homes prompted the construction of water sources and water storage devices in the homes. This however does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. If the water is safe at the source, it may be contaminated during transportation storage and drawing at home. This study was carried out to determine the microbial counts, antibiotics susceptibility and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from household water distribution tanks in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. The total bacteria and coliform counts were determined using the pour plating technique. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion technique while the plasmid profile of the isolates was determined using the alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis. The mean total bacteria count of the water sample was 6.96 log10 CFU/ml, while the mean total of coliform count is 5.50 log10CFU/ml. The isolates with multiple antibiotics resistance belonged to five bacteria genera namely: Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus. The plasmid analysis showed that four of the resistant strains had multiple plasmids, Enterobacter aerogens had 3 plasmids (1kb, 1.5kb and 2kb), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogens had two plasmids (1kb, 1.5kb) respectively while Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli had no plasmid.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella and Shigella Species among Diarrheal Patients Attending Nekemte Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Terfassa ◽  
Mulissa Jida
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Information ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

The main objective of this study was determining the prevalence and antibiotics resistance pattern of Salmonella and Shigella sp. from diarrheal patients attending Nekemte Referral Hospital. A total of 422 patients were included in the study and their sociodemographic and clinical information was collected using questionnaire. Stool samples of the patients were collected and processed following standard bacteriological protocols. Presumptive colonies of Salmonella and Shigella species were identified and subcultured to their respective genera by standard biochemical tests. Antibiotics susceptibility of the isolates was tested using disk diffusion assay. The prevalences of Salmonella and Shigella sp. among the patients were 7.1% and 2.1%, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test results of the isolates showed that they are highly resistant to amoxicillin (30 μg). In contrast, the isolates showed relatively lower resistance level to ceftriaxone (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), and ciprofloxacin (5 μg). This study revealed 9.2% prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella sp. which were resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Thus, intervention measures such as health education, provision of safe drinking water, improvement of waste disposal systems, and surveillance of antibiotics susceptibility of the pathogens should be done regularly.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in Prevalence and Antibiotics Resistance of Uropathogens in Patients Attending the Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Sisay Yifru ◽  
Mucheye Gizachew ◽  
Kassie Molla ◽  
Yeshambel Belyhun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background. In most hospitals of developing countries, urinary tract infections are treated empirically because of lack of culture facilities. This leads to emergence of multiresistant uropathogens. Culturing and drug susceptibility testing are essential to guide therapy. Objectives. To assess changing prevalence and resistance pattern of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics in a two-year study period. Methods. Urine specimens were collected and cultured. Uropathogens were identified by standard methods and tested for antibiotics resistance. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical sofware. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The commonest isolates in both the previous and present studies were E. coli, Klebsiella, CoNS, S. aureus, Proteus, and Citrobacter species. Previous isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, whereas present isolates developed 31% to 60% resistance to it. Previous isolates were less resistant to gentamycin than the present ones. Multiresistance isolates were predominant in present study than previous ones. Conclusion. E. coli was predominant in the two study periods. Present isolates were more resistant than previous ones. Some previous isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, whereas present isolates were increasingly resistant. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin have been recommended for empiric treatment of urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariku Gebre Haile ◽  
Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda ◽  
Abdella Amano Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background. In many studies, compliance with standard precautions among healthcare workers was reported to be inadequate.Objective.The aim of this study was to assess compliance with standard precautions and associated factors among healthcare workers in northwest Ethiopia.Methods.An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to April 30, 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were entered into Epi info 3.5.1 and were exported to SPSS version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Results.The proportion of healthcare workers who always comply with standard precautions was found to be 12%. Being a female healthcare worker (AOR [95% CI] 2.18 [1.12–4.23]), higher infection risk perception (AOR [95% CI] 3.46 [1.67–7.18]), training on standard precautions (AOR [95% CI] 2.90 [1.20–7.02]), accessibility of personal protective equipment (AOR [95% CI] 2.87 [1.41–5.86]), and management support (AOR [95% CI] 2.23 [1.11–4.53]) were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion and Recommendation.Compliance with standard precautions among the healthcare workers is very low. Interventions which include training of healthcare workers on standard precautions and consistent management support are recommended.

scholarly journals Association between Resistance to Erythromycin and the Presence of the Fibronectin Binding Protein F1 Gene, prtF1, in Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates from German Pediatric Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2990-2993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Haller ◽  
Kirsten Fluegge ◽  
Sandra Jasminder Arri ◽  
Brit Adams ◽  
Reinhard Berner
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fibronectin Binding Protein ◽  
Fibronectin Binding ◽  
Cell Invasiveness

ABSTRACT A total of 301 German pediatric group A streptococcus isolates were screened for the presence of macrolide resistance and the fibronectin binding protein F1 gene (prtF1) encoding an adhesin and cell invasiveness protein. The prtF1 gene was present significantly more often among macrolide-resistant isolates. The majority of these were not clonally related.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides but sensitive to clindamycin: a common resistance pattern mediated by an efflux system.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1817-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sutcliffe ◽  
A Tait-Kamradt ◽  
L Wondrack
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pneumococcal Strain

Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Finland, Australia, and the United Kingdom and, more recently, Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes strains from the United States were shown to have an unusual resistance pattern to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B antibiotics. This pattern, referred to as M resistance, consists of susceptibility to clindamycin and streptogramin B antibiotics but resistance to 14- and 15-membered macrolides. An evaluation of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes among our streptococcal strains collected from 1993 to 1995 suggested that this unusual resistance pattern is not rare. Eighty-five percent (n = 66) of the S. pneumoniae and 75% (n = 28) of the S. pyogenes strains in our collection had an M phenotype. The mechanism of M resistance was not mediated by target modification, as isolated ribosomes from a pneumococcal strain bearing the M phenotype were fully sensitive to erythromycin. Further, the presence of an erm methylase was excluded with primers specific for an erm consensus sequence. However, results of studies that determined the uptake and incorporation of radiolabeled erythromycin into cells were consistent with the presence of a macrolide efflux determinant. The putative efflux determinant in streptococci seems to be distinct from the multicomponent macrolide efflux system in coagulase-negative staphylococci. The recognition of the prevalence of the M phenotype in streptococci has implications for sensitivity testing and may have an impact on the choice of antibiotic therapy in clinical practice.

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