scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiotics Susceptibility Profiles of Streptococcus Pyogenes Among Pediatric Patients With Acute Pharyngitis at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Kebede ◽  
Alemale Admas ◽  
Daniel Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Abstract Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is a Gram positive bacterium which is a leading cause of pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infection and post streptococcal syndromes. Due to lack of β-lactamase enzyme production, it was considered universally susceptible to penicillin group and later generation of β-lactam antibiotics. As such, empirical treatment was common which might leads to development of antibiotics resistance. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility profile; associated factors of S. pyogenes among pediatrics patients with acute pharyngitis in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest EthiopiaMethods: A total of 154 pediatric patients, whose age ranged from 0-18 years recruited to the study by convenient sampling technique on which hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out from 1st February to 19th June 2020 at FHCSH. S. pyogenes were identified by throat swab culture on 5% sheep blood agar with an overnight incubation at 37oC in candle jar with 5% CO2. Gram stain, catalase test and bacitracin test were used to identify S. pyogenes. The data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. Bivariables and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out for analysis by considering P < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: From the total throat swabs, 14 (9.1%) with (95% CI; 4.5-14.3) were culture positive for S. pyogenes. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin whereas 4 (35.7%), 4 (35.5%), 3 (21.4%), 2 (14.3%), 1 (7.1%), 7 (50.0%) and 1 (7.1%) were resistant for ceftriaxone, vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and levofloxacin, respectively. Presence of any smoker in home was significantly associated with S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis, while tender lymphadenopathy and recurrence were clinical predictors for S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of S. pyogenes 9.1% which is considered as low prevalence. All S. pyogenes remain sensitive to penicillin and resistance was also obtained to clindamycin 7 (50.0%), ceftriaxone 5 (35.7%), erythromycin 3 (21.4%). The current practice of giving erythromycin, clindamycin instead of penicillin and ampicillin is in contrary with microbiology result. There should be routine throat culture and a continuous surveillance of antibiotics resistance pattern for S. pyogenes to improve the use of antibiotics in hospitals.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility profiles of Streptococcus pyogenes among pediatric patients with acute pharyngitis at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Destaw Kebede ◽  
Alemale Admas ◽  
Daniel Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Abstract Background Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is a Gram positive bacterium which is a leading cause of pharyngitis, skin and soft tissue infection and post streptococcal syndromes. Due to lack of β-lactamase enzyme production, it was considered universally susceptible to penicillin group and later generation of β-lactam antibiotics. As such, empirical treatment was common which might leads to development of antibiotics resistance. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, antibiotics susceptibility profile; and associated factors of S. pyogenes among pediatric patients with acute pharyngitis in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH), Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out on 154 pediatric patients, whose age ranged from 0 to 18 years old using consecutive convenient sampling technique from 1st February to 19th June 2020 at FHCSH. S. pyogenes were identified by throat swab culture on 5% sheep blood agar with an overnight incubation at 37 °C in candle jar containing 5% CO2. Gram stain, catalase test and bacitracin test were used to identify S. pyogenes. Then,the data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. Finally, stepwise, bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out for identifyying factors having significant ssociation (p<0.05) with  acute pharyngitis.  Results From the total throat swabs, 14 (9.1%) with (95% CI; 4.5–14.3) were culture positive for S. pyogenes. From these, all isolates were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. On the otherhand, 4 (35.7%), 4 (35.5%), 3 (21.4%), 2 (14.3%), 1 (7.1%), 7 (50.0%) and 1 (7.1%) isolates were resistant for ceftriaxone, vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and levofloxacin, respectively. The presence of any smoker in home showed significant association with S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis. Furthermore, having tender lymphadenopathy and recurrence were clinical predictors for S. pyogenes acute pharyngitis (P < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of S. pyogenes was guaged at 9.1% which is considered as low prevalence. All S. pyogenes isolats remain sensitive to penicillin. However, resistance was reported to clindamycin 7 (50.0%), ceftriaxone 5 (35.7%) and erythromycin 3 (21.4%). The current practice of giving erythromycin, clindamycin instead of penicillin and ampicillin is againest the microbiology result. Therefore, current empirical treatment of acute pharyngitis shall take in to account the current evidences. Continuous surveillance of antibiotics resistance pattern of S. pyogenes for acute pharyngitis must be strengthen to improve the use of antibiotics in hospitals.

scholarly journals Compliance with Standard Precautions and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in Gondar University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariku Gebre Haile ◽  
Eshetu Haileselassie Engeda ◽  
Abdella Amano Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Background. In many studies, compliance with standard precautions among healthcare workers was reported to be inadequate.Objective.The aim of this study was to assess compliance with standard precautions and associated factors among healthcare workers in northwest Ethiopia.Methods.An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 01 to April 30, 2014. Simple random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were entered into Epi info 3.5.1 and were exported to SPSS version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify associated factors.Results.The proportion of healthcare workers who always comply with standard precautions was found to be 12%. Being a female healthcare worker (AOR [95% CI] 2.18 [1.12–4.23]), higher infection risk perception (AOR [95% CI] 3.46 [1.67–7.18]), training on standard precautions (AOR [95% CI] 2.90 [1.20–7.02]), accessibility of personal protective equipment (AOR [95% CI] 2.87 [1.41–5.86]), and management support (AOR [95% CI] 2.23 [1.11–4.53]) were found to be statistically significant.Conclusion and Recommendation.Compliance with standard precautions among the healthcare workers is very low. Interventions which include training of healthcare workers on standard precautions and consistent management support are recommended.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA isolates from pediatric patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Gurung ◽  
Prashanna Maharjan ◽  
Ganga GC
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important superbugs distributed throughout the world. It causes minor skin infections to severe complications including nosocomial infections in both hospitals and community settings. These strains have multi-drug resistant property. Hence, they are difficult to manage which increase health-related costs and simultaneously intensifying the need for new antibiotics. The extent of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in children is largely unknown. The study determines the current status of S. aureus and MRSA causing various infections in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children’s Hospital (IFCH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting a hospital. Various clinical specimens were aseptically collected and processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Isolation and identification of S. aureus were done by microscopy, mannitol fermentation, and coagulase positivity. All identified S. aureus isolates subjected to in-vitro antibiogram by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique adopting Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin were considered to be MRSA. Whereas, isolates produced D-shaped inhibition zone around clindamycin when kept near erythromycin were considered to be Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR). Results: 672 various types of clinical samples were processed from the microbiology laboratory from June and November 2015. Out of 300 culture positive samples, 52 (17.3%) were S. aureus isolates, among them 39 (75.0%) were found to be MRSA. The D-test showed that Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin-B (MLSB) phenotype was 15.4%. Conclusion: The study shows the MRSA occurrence is prevalent in pediatric patients and newer classes’ drugs are found more effective than β-lactam drugs to treat S. aureus infection. However, restriction on the indiscriminate use of such drugs may be an effective strategy to control the drug resistance. Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype, Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR) test or D-zone test, Antibiotic resistance, Nepal

Bacterial Isolates and Their Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern Among Patients Admitted With Chronic Lower Limb Ulcers at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Northern Zone Referral Hospital, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462092345
Author(s):  
Wilson Marco Hape ◽  
Mujuni Josephat Magambo ◽  
James Samwel Ngocho ◽  
Victor Mosha ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Objective. To identify the bacterial isolates and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern among patients with lower limb ulcers admitted at a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and July 2018 at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. Questionnaire was used to obtain the demographics and clinical information of participants. Wound samples were collected and culture method used to identify the bacteria and their susceptibility patterns. Results. Out of 65 participants, 55 (84.6%) had positive aerobic bacterial growth. Twelve (18 %) participants had more than one bacterium. Fifty-nine (88.1%) were gram-negative bacteria. Proteus vulgaris (13, 19.9%), Pseudomonas spp (10, 14.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8, 11.7%) were the common isolates. Out of 59 gram-negative bacterial, 47 (78%) were sensitive to amikacin. Staph were sensitive to oxacillin (75%; n = 8) and vancomycin (50%; n = 8). Gram-negative were common isolates and were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid but sensitive to amikacin. Conclusion. The observed resistance to antibiotics calls for continuous monitoring of the resistance pattern to guide the empirical management of patients with leg ulcer.

scholarly journals Cessation of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Determining Factors at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bayew Kelkay ◽  
Eshetie Kindalem ◽  
Animut Tagele ◽  
Yohannes Moges
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Knowledge ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Determining Factors

Background. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the gold standard of infant feeding practice which lasts up to 6 months postpartum. Not all infants are exclusively breastfed in developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study, therefore, assessed the magnitude and determining factors of EBF cessation practice among mothers at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. Institutional-based cross-sectional study design using a systematic random sampling technique was applied to select 344 mothers of infants aged 9 months came for measles vaccination. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Independent variables with a P value of <0.05 indicated association. Result. The magnitude of cessation of EBF was 21.5% with 95% CI (17.24-25.76). Maternal age ≤ 19 years [AOR=5.53; 95% CI (1.07-28.57)], civil servants [AOR=4.73; 95% CI (2.20-10.19)], illiterate husbands [AOR=3.76; 95% CI (1.13-12.49)], primi-para [AOR=2.42; 95% CI (1.22-4.79)], no postnatal follow up [AOR=2.62; 95% CI (1.44-4.80)], and having poor knowledge on breastfeeding benefits and composition of breastmilk [AOR=3.15; 95% CI (1.56-6.35)] were independent factors significantly associated with cessation of EBF. Conclusion and recommendation. The magnitude of cessation of EBF was high. Maternal age, parity, employment status, postnatal follow-up, and breastfeeding knowledge as well as spouse literacy level were independent factors significantly associated with cessation of EBF. Our study provides further impetus for empowering young and primi-para with breastfeeding knowledge, an extension of maternity leave time, and support for breastfeeding at the workplace.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Bacteria Isolates from Household Water Distribution Tanks in Ado-Ekiti

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1697-1704
Author(s):  
T.F. Babalola ◽  
T.O. Olowomofe ◽  
T.R. Omodara ◽  
T.Y. Ogunyemi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Alkaline Lysis ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Total Bacteria

Water is essential to life. The existence of all forms of life is dependent on an adequate water supply. The exigent need for water supply in homes prompted the construction of water sources and water storage devices in the homes. This however does not guarantee that the water is safe to drink. If the water is safe at the source, it may be contaminated during transportation storage and drawing at home. This study was carried out to determine the microbial counts, antibiotics susceptibility and plasmid profile of bacteria isolates from household water distribution tanks in the Ado-Ekiti metropolis. The total bacteria and coliform counts were determined using the pour plating technique. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion technique while the plasmid profile of the isolates was determined using the alkaline lysis method and agar gel electrophoresis. The mean total bacteria count of the water sample was 6.96 log10 CFU/ml, while the mean total of coliform count is 5.50 log10CFU/ml. The isolates with multiple antibiotics resistance belonged to five bacteria genera namely: Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus. The plasmid analysis showed that four of the resistant strains had multiple plasmids, Enterobacter aerogens had 3 plasmids (1kb, 1.5kb and 2kb), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogens had two plasmids (1kb, 1.5kb) respectively while Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli had no plasmid.

scholarly journals Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among children under five years old with suspected bloodstream infection in a specialized hospital in Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mequanint Mitiku Tadesse ◽  
Zeleke Ayenew Matebie ◽  
Kassu Desta Tullu
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital

Abstract BackgroundBloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes to antibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of public health concern. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among suspected bloodsteam infection patients in children under five years of age at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 among pediatric patients with febrile illness under five years of age at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Three hundred and forty blood samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques and blood culture was performed using a BacT/Alert instrument in combination with conventional methods for identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).ResultA total of 137 (40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patients suspected of bloodstream infection with febrile illness. Of these isolates, 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Among gram negative isolates 43 (31.4%) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and 8.7% Acinetobacter species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 88.4 % (38/43) MDR, 32.5% (14/43) ESBL, and 37.2 %( 16/43) CRE .ConclusionIn this study, highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are common pathogen associated with BSI. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains were common in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibit multidrug resistance, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing is mandatory. A strengthened antimicrobial surveillance system and antimicrobial stewardship programs are necessary for better selection of antibiotics in addition to improved infection prevention practices in hospital settings.

scholarly journals Incidence and associated factors of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who undergone surgery under general anesthesia, in university of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: Cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wubie Birlie Chekol ◽  
Debas Yaregal Melese
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Airway Devices

Abstract Objective: this study was aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who undergone surgery under general anesthesia (GA). Results : The incidence of laryngospasm among pediatric patients who undergone surgery under GA was 57 (18.39%) . Of this 34 (59.6%) were happened during emergence, 12 (21.1%) during maintenance and 11 (19.3%) during induction phase of GA. In multivariable analysis, airway anomalies (AOR : 14.64,95%CI:1.71,125.04) , orophyrangeal secretion (AOR : 2.45,95%CI:1.19,5.06), attempts of airway devices insertion (AOR : 2.47,95%CI:1.16,5.22) , upper respiratory tract infection (AOR : 2.91,95%CI:1.008,8.41) and inadequate depth of anesthesia (AOR : 7.92,95%CI:2.7,23.22) were significantly associated with incidence of laryngospasm .

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