scholarly journals Cascade process mediated by left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus affects relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumika Kokudai ◽  
Motoyasu Honma ◽  
Yuri Masaoka ◽  
Masaki Yoshida ◽  
Haruko Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cascade Process ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Cognitive function declines with age and has been shown to be associated with atrophy in some brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex. However, the details of the relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction are not well understood. Methods Across a wide range of ages (24- to 85-years-old), this research measured the gray matter volume of structural magnetic resonance imaging data in 39 participants, while some brain regions were set as mediator variables to assess the cascade process between aging and cognitive dysfunction in a path analysis. Results Path analysis showed that age affected the left hippocampus, thereby directly affecting the left superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, the gyrus directly affected higher order flexibility and maintenance abilities calculated as in the Wisconsin card sorting test, and the two abilities affected the assessment of general cognitive function. Conclusion Our finding suggests that a cascade process mediated by the left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus is involved in the relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction.

Cascade process mediated by left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus affects relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumika Kokudai ◽  
Motoyasu Honma ◽  
Yuri Masaoka ◽  
Masaki Yoshida ◽  
Haruko Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cascade Process ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Cognitive function declines with age and has been shown to be associated with atrophy in some brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex. However, the details of the relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction are not well understood.Methods: Across a wide range of ages (24- to 85-years-old), this research measured the gray matter volume of structural magnetic resonance imaging data in 39 participants, while some brain regions were set as mediator variables to assess the cascade process between aging and cognitive dysfunction in a path analysis.Results: Path analysis showed that age affected the left hippocampus, thereby directly affecting the left superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, the gyrus directly affected higher order flexibility and maintenance abilities calculated as assessed in the Wisconsin card sorting test, and the two abilities affected an assessment of general cognitive function. Conclusion: Our finding suggests that a cascade process mediated by the left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus is involved in the relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction.

scholarly journals Different aspects of cognitive function in adult patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical subtypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Shi ◽  
Yu-Jie Wen ◽  
Zheng Huang ◽  
Le-Bao Yu ◽  
Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Wide Range

ObjectiveAlthough a few reports suggested that cognitive function impairment could be found in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), there were still many aspects that are unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the cognitive function of adult patients with MMD and its clinical subtypes.Methods49 patients with MMD and 23 healthy controls were asked to take cognitive function tests. Cognitive function tests included IQ, prospective memory (PM), immediate memory (IM), verbal fluency (VF), visual breadth, attention, retrospective memory (RM), Stroop test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail-Making Test Part A (TMT-A) and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Independent t-analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were used to seek for differences between subgroups and the correlation between cognitive variables.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, adult patients with MMD had a comprehensive cognitive impairment, including IQ, PM, VF, attention, RM, Stroop, CPT and TMT-A, with more serious impairment in PM and attention. PM and RM were separated, indicating that they were independent of each other. Pattern of attention was significantly different from healthy controls. Female patients were better than male patients, where significant differences in PM, IM, Stroop and WCST could be found. The haemorrhagic patients exhibited poorer in the dimension of PM and RM than the ischaemic. The headache subtype exhibited poorer than healthy controls. PM, RM, attention and executive function were moderately correlated with each other.ConclusionsAdult patients with MMD had a wide range of cognitive impairment with more serious impairment in memory and attention. Differences in cognitive function existed between the different subtypes of adult MMD.

scholarly journals Methods for Determining Frequency- and Region-Dependent Relationships Between Estimated LFPs and BOLD Responses in Humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Martuzzi ◽  
Micah M. Murray ◽  
Reto A. Meuli ◽  
Jean-Philippe Thiran ◽  
Philippe P. Maeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between electrophysiological and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals remains poorly understood. To date, studies have required invasive methods and have been limited to single functional regions and thus cannot account for possible variations across brain regions. Here we present a method that uses fMRI data and singe-trial electroencephalography (EEG) analyses to assess the spatial and spectral dependencies between the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) responses and the noninvasively estimated local field potentials (eLFPs) over a wide range of frequencies (0–256 Hz) throughout the entire brain volume. This method was applied in a study where human subjects completed separate fMRI and EEG sessions while performing a passive visual task. Intracranial LFPs were estimated from the scalp-recorded data using the ELECTRA source model. We compared statistical images from BOLD signals with statistical images of each frequency of the eLFPs. In agreement with previous studies in animals, we found a significant correspondence between LFP and BOLD statistical images in the gamma band (44–78 Hz) within primary visual cortices. In addition, significant correspondence was observed at low frequencies (<14 Hz) and also at very high frequencies (>100 Hz). Effects within extrastriate visual areas showed a different correspondence that not only included those frequency ranges observed in primary cortices but also additional frequencies. Results therefore suggest that the relationship between electrophysiological and hemodynamic signals thus might vary both as a function of frequency and anatomical region.

Cognitive dysfunction in acute psychosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S745-S745
Author(s):  
O. Mulligan ◽  
W.T. Tan ◽  
G. Lowry ◽  
D. Adamis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPatients with psychosis often present with cognitive dysfunction during the course of their illness. Inflammatory markers such as cytokines and neurotrophins have been investigated, as they are relevant to the change in cognitive function.ObjectivesTo evaluate the cognitive function between patients with acute psychosis and those without. Moreover, this study also investigates cytokines and neurotrophins levels in acute psychosis and their relation with cognition, severity of psychosis and trajectory of their levels across time and under treatment.MethodsLongitudinal, observational, pilot study, of psychiatric inpatients. Participants were assessed on the first day using brief psychiatric rating scale, CAGE, trail making test B and Wisconsin card sorting test. These assessments were repeated weekly until patients were discharged. Blood samples were also collected on the same day for cytokines and neurotrophins analysis. However, the result on cytokines and neurotrophins levels is still pending, therefore only clinical findings will be presented.ResultsThirty-one patients (mean age: 43.7, SD: 18.9, 14 females and 17 males) were recruited. Eleven were acutely psychotic. Generalized estimating equations modelling were used to compare these two groups based on cognitive and demographic variables. Patients with psychosis are more likely to have significantly lower scores for CAGE (Wald-x2 = 6.268, df = 1, P = 0.012), significantly more abnormal scores in Trail Making Test B (Wald–x2 = 7.338, df = 1, P = 0.007), failure to maintain set (Wald–x2 = 8.323, df = 1, P = 0.004) and perseveratives errors (Wald-x2 = 4.385, df = 1, P = 0.036) although they have more years of education than those without psychosis.ConclusionsThese data show individuals with acute psychosis have impaired cognitive function compared to others.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Cognitive and Interpersonal Growth during the College Freshman Year: A Structural Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra C. Eisert ◽  
C. Tomlinson-Keasey
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
College Freshman ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Freshman Year ◽  
Logical Operations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper attempts a structural analysis of the relationship between logical operations, personality organization, and personality traits in college students. Since college students cover a wide range of operational abilities, one should be able to examine this age group to see whether or not different modes of thinking are reflected in personality measures. 55 freshmen were administered a measure of formal operations consisting of eight suboperations and a complete score, the Omnibus Personality Inventory, and the conceptual complexity measure. A structural analysis of the interrelationships is discussed in terms of a core cognitive function.

scholarly journals Amyloid beta-42 Levels in Companion Dog Brains Correlate with Age and Cognitive Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 887-887
Author(s):  
Silvan Urfer ◽  
Martin Darvas ◽  
Dirk Keene ◽  
Kálman Czeibert ◽  
Enikő Kubinyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Amyloid Beta 42

Abstract The privately owned companion dog is an increasingly important model in aging research because it shares the human environment, is exposed to similar environmental risk factors, receives comparable medical care, and develops many of the same age-related pathologies. One such pathology is Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD), which shares many of the clinical features of human Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), including progressive loss of cognitive function, loss of normal sleep patterns, increased anxiety, and aimless wandering. Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) plaques similar to these found in humans with AD are known to naturally occur in the brains of aged dogs, making them an intriguing potential model for AD in humans. As part of the Dog Aging Project (www.dogagingproject.org), we studied frozen samples taken from the frontal cortex, medial temporal cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus of n=24 companion dogs of various ages that were euthanized for unrelated health reasons and donated by their owners. Brains were removed and frozen within 4 hours post mortem. Using a novel quantitative Luminex assay, we found a significant correlation between age and Aβ42 levels in all of these brain regions, as well as a significant correlation between Aβ42 levels and cognitive function scores as measured by the Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Scale. We will now investigate histopathology in the same dogs and brain regions, and investigate whether we can also measure Tau and pTau in these samples using Luminex and mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Altered spontaneous activity in the frontal gyrus in dry eye: a resting-state functional MRI study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Yu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Qian-Ming Ge ◽  
Ting Su ◽  
Wen-Qing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Middle Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study investigated neurologic changes in patients with dry eye (DE) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and to used regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis to clarify the relationship between these changes and clinical features of DE. A total of 28 patients with DE and 28 matched healthy control (HC) subjects (10 males and 18 females in each group) were enrolled. fMRI scans were performed in both groups. We carried out ReHo analysis to assess differences in neural activity between the 2 groups, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of ReHo values of specific brain areas in distinguishing DE patients from HCs. The relationship between average ReHo values and clinical characteristics was assessed by correlation analysis. ReHo values of the middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus were significantly lower in DE patients compared to HCs. The ROC analysis showed that ReHo value had high accuracy in distinguishing between DE patients and HCs (P < 0.0001). The ReHo values of the middle frontal gyrus and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus were correlated to disease duration (P < 0.05). Symptoms of ocular surface injury in DE patients are associated with dysfunction in specific brain regions, which may underlie the cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and depressive mood observed in DE patients. The decreased ReHo values of some brain gyri in this study may provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and determination of treatment efficacy.

scholarly journals MON-636 The Relationship Between Glucose Control & Cognitive Function in People with Diabetes After a Lacunar Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Cukierman-Yaffe ◽  
Leslie McClure ◽  
Thomas Risoli ◽  
Jackie Bosch ◽  
Hertzel C Gerstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Lacunar Stroke ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background & Objective Both lacunar strokes and diabetes are risk factors for dementia and cognitive dysfunction. Thus, elucidating modifiable risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in people with type 2 diabetes who experienced a lacunar infarct has large public health implications. One such factor may be glycemic status, as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between A1C and cognitive function in people with diabetes after a lacunar stroke. Research Design & Methods The effect of baseline and follow-up A1C on the baseline and the change in Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI) score over time among participants with a median of 2 cognitive assessments (range 1-5) was examined in of 942 individuals with diabetes and a lacunar stroke who participated in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00059306). Results Every 1 % higher baseline A1C was associated with a 0.06 lower standardized CASI z-score (95% CI -0.101, -0.018). Higher baseline A1C values were associated with lower CASI z-score over time (p for interaction=0.037). A 1% increase in A1C over time, corresponded with a CASI score decrease of 0.021 (95% CI -0.0043, -0.038) during follow-up. All these remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, education, race, depression, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, BMI, CVD, OSA, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy insulin use and White Matter Abnormalities. Conclusion This analysis of 942 individuals with diabetes after a lacunar stroke demonstrates a relationship between A1C and change in cognitive scores over time. Intervention studies are needed in order to delineate if better glucose control could slow the rate of cognitive decline in this high risk population.

scholarly journals A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Active-Reference, Double-Blind, Flexible-Dose Study of the Efficacy of Vortioxetine on Cognitive Function in Major Depressive Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 2025-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R Mahableshwarkar ◽  
John Zajecka ◽  
William Jacobson ◽  
Yinzhong Chen ◽  
Richard SE Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
End Points ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-referenced (duloxetine 60 mg), parallel-group study evaluated the short-term efficacy and safety of vortioxetine (10–20 mg) on cognitive function in adults (aged 18–65 years) diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) who self-reported cognitive dysfunction. Efficacy was evaluated using ANCOVA for the change from baseline to week 8 in the digit symbol substitution test (DSST)–number of correct symbols as the prespecified primary end point. The patient-reported perceived deficits questionnaire (PDQ) and physician-assessed clinical global impression (CGI) were analyzed in a prespecified hierarchical testing sequence as key secondary end points. Additional predefined end points included the objective performance-based University of San Diego performance-based skills assessment (UPSA) (ANCOVA) to measure functionality, MADRS (MMRM) to assess efficacy in depression, and a prespecified multiple regression analysis (path analysis) to calculate direct vs indirect effects of vortioxetine on cognitive function. Safety and tolerability were assessed at all visits. Vortioxetine was statistically superior to placebo on the DSST (P<0.05), PDQ (P<0.01), CGI-I (P<0.001), MADRS (P<0.05), and UPSA (P<0.001). Path analysis indicated that vortioxetine’s cognitive benefit was primarily a direct treatment effect rather than due to alleviation of depressive symptoms. Duloxetine was not significantly different from placebo on the DSST or UPSA, but was superior to placebo on the PDQ, CGI-I, and MADRS. Common adverse events (incidence ⩾5%) for vortioxetine were nausea, headache, and diarrhea. In this study of MDD adults who self-reported cognitive dysfunction, vortioxetine significantly improved cognitive function, depression, and functionality and was generally well tolerated.

scholarly journals Effects of Aging, Cognitive Dysfunction, Brain Atrophy on Hemoglobin Concentrations and Optical Pathlength at Rest in the Prefrontal Cortex: A Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2209
Author(s):  
Kaoru Sakatani ◽  
Lizhen Hu ◽  
Katsunori Oyama ◽  
Yukio Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Time Resolved Spectroscopy ◽  
Cerebral Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
The Relationship

Background: In order to evaluate usefulness of a time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) in screening test of cognitive dysfunction, we studied the effects of aging, cognitive dysfunction, brain atrophy on hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and optical pathlengths (OPLs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) at rest, using TRS. Methods: Employing TRS, we measured Hb concentrations and OPLs at rest in the PFC, and evaluated the relationship between the TRS parameters and cognitive function assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In addition, we evaluated the relationship between the TRS parameters and the brain atrophy assessed by MRI. Results: We found positive correlations between MMSE scores and oxygen saturation (SO2), oxy-Hb in the PFC, suggesting that the greater the degree of PFC activity, the higher the cognitive function. In addition, we found the negative correlation between the subject’s age and SO2 and oxy-Hb in the PFC, suggesting that the older the subject, the lower the PFC activity at rest. Moreover, the OPLs in the right PFC negatively correlated with degree of brain atrophy evaluated by MRI, indicating that the shorter the OPL, greater degree of brain atrophy. Conclusions: TRS allowed us to evaluate the relation between the cerebral blood oxygenation (CBO) in the PFC at rest and cognitive function.

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