scholarly journals Association Analysis of Molecular Markers with Essential Agronomic Traits under Normal and Salt Stress in Wide Germplasm of Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Yazdizadeh ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Leila Fahmideh ◽  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Mahmood Solouki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arid And Semiarid Areas ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition

Abstract Food security and nutrition concerns are putting an ancient, climate-smart grain back on our plates; Farm to fork, there has been a revival of interest in millet. Foxtail millet, as a multi-purpose product, has nutritious and medicinal potentials. This research is aimed at identifying combined markers as well as stable associations between such markers and the investigated agronomic traits in a wide range of foxtail millet germplasms under normal and salinity-stress conditions. In this context, association analysis has been conducted among 14 agronomic traits and 331 polymorphic AFLP markers generated by 12 primer combinations in 134 foxtail millet genotypes. Based on the analysis of population structure, the foxtail millet genotypes were divided into six subpopulations. The results showed that a number of markers had stable and significant associations under both normal and salinity-stress conditions with agronomic traits. The primer combinations had high polymorphic percentage, diversity indices were highly reliable and revealed significant genetic variability among the genotypes. Their PIC, MI and Shannon’s indices were also highly reliable and revealed significant genetic variability among the genotypes. Since the markers introduced in this research have stable and strong associations with the investigated traits under normal and salinity stress conditions, they can be suitable candidates’ in future marker-assisted breeding to improve salinity- resistance genotypes of foxtail millet in arid and semiarid areas.

scholarly journals Association analysis between agronomic traits and AFLP markers in a wide germplasm of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under normal and salinity stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Yazdizadeh ◽  
Leila Fahmideh ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Mahmood Solouki ◽  
Babak Nakhoda
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Proso Millet

Abstract Background Proso millet is a highly nutritious cereal considered an essential component of processed foods. It is also recognized with high water-use efficiency as well as short growing seasons. This research was primarily aimed at investigating the genetic diversity among genotypes based on evaluating those important traits proposed in previous researches under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Use of Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers as well as evaluating the association between markers and the investigated traits under both conditions was also another purpose of this research. Results According to the phenotypic correlation coefficients, the seed yield had the highest correlation with the forage and biological yields under both conditions. By disintegrating those traits investigated under normal and salinity-stress conditions into principal component analysis, it was found that the first four principal components justified more than 59.94 and 62.48% of the whole variance, respectively. The dendrogram obtained by cluster analysis displayed three groups of genotypes under both normal and salinity- stress conditions. Then, association analyses were conducted on 143 proso millet genotypes and 15 agronomic traits as well as 514 polymorphic AFLP markers (out of 866 created bands) generated by 11 primer combinations (out of the initial 20 primer combinations) EcoRI/MseI. The results obtained by mixed linear model (MLM) indicated that under normal conditions, the M14/E10–45 and M14/E10–60 markers had strong associations with seed yield. A similar trend was also observed for M14/E10–45 and M14/E11–44 markers in relation to forage yield. On the other hand, M14/E10–14, M14/E10–64 markers (for seed yield) and M14/E10–64 marker (for forage yield), had significant and stable association in all environments under salinity-stress conditions. Moreover, a number of markers showed considerable associations and stability under both normal and salinity stress conditions. Conclusions According to the analysis of phenotypic data, the wide germplasm of Iranian proso millet has significant variation in terms of measured traits. It can be concluded that markers showing strong associations with traits under salinity-stress conditions are suitable candidates to be used in future marker-assisted selection (MAS) studies to improve salinity-resistance genotypes of Panicum miliaceum in arid and semiarid areas.

scholarly journals Inoculation of Klebsiella variicola Alleviated Salt Stress and Improved Growth and Nutrients in Wheat and Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Supriya P. Kusale ◽  
Yasmin C. Attar ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed ◽  
Hesham El Enshasy ◽  
Siti Zulaiha Hanapi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Although wheat and maize are the major economically important cereal crops and staple food sources in the world, their productivity is highly affected by excess salts in soil (salinity). Applications of multifarious halophilic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in saline soil protect the plants from osmotic damages and promote plant growth through the secretion of plant growth promoting (PGP) and osmolytes. In this study, Klebsiella variicola SURYA6—a PGPR—was evaluated for plant-growth-promotion and salinity amelioration in wheat and maize, and enrichment of soil nutrients. The results of the present study revealed that K. variicola SURYA6 grows luxuriously under high salinity stress conditions and produces copious amounts of three principal salinity ameliorating traits, such as 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), exopolysaccharides (EPS), and osmolytes—such as proline, sugars, proteins, and amino acids. The isolate also exhibited sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics, lack of hemolytic ability, and absence of catalase and oxidase activities confirming its nonpathogenic nature. Inoculation of wheat and maize seeds with this multifarious strain, improved the physicochemical properties of soil, improved seed germination by 33.9% and 36.0%, root length by 111.0%, 35.1%, shoot height by 64.8% and 78.9%, and chlorophyll content by 68.4% and 66.7% in wheat and maize seedlings, respectively, at 45 days after sowing (DAS) under salinity stress. The improvement in plant growth can be correlated with the secretion of PGP traits and improved, uptake of minerals such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg). While amelioration of salinity can be the result of secretion of osmolytes and the change in pH from salinity to neutrality. This inoculation also significantly improved the soil nutrients under salinity stress conditions. Inoculation of K. variicola SURYA6, resulted in more improved growth and nutrients contents in plants and enriched soil nutrients under salinity stress as compared to normal (non-saline) conditions. Such multifarious strain can serve as a potent bio-inoculant for growth promotion of wheat and maize in saline soil. However, multi-year field trials under different agro-climatic conditions are required to confirm the bio-efficacy of K. variicola SURYA6.

Association analysis of molecular markers with traits under drought stress in safflower

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Marker Loci

This study was performed to identify marker loci associated with important agronomic traits and oil content under two moisture conditions and find stable associations in test environments in a worldwide collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Association analysis was conducted between eight important traits and 341 polymorphic AFLP markers produced by 10 primer combinations (EcoRI/MseI) in 100 safflower genotypes. The results of population structure analysis identified three main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences revealed by analysis of molecular variance. Association analysis explained the highest percentage of trait variation for seed yield (38%) under drought-stress conditions and number of seeds per capitulum (27.75%) under normal conditions. Four markers (M51/E41-6, M51/E41-4, M61/E40-6 and M62/E40-17) in drought-stress conditions and two markers (M62/E40-35 and M47/E37-13) in normal conditions were simultaneously associated with seed and oil yield. The markers stably associated with traits in all test environments included M62/E40-35 with seed yield in normal conditions, M62/E40-17 with seed yield in drought stress conditions, and M62/E41-11 with oil yield in drought-stress conditions. Significant relationships were identified between oil content and three markers (M61/E40-6, M47/E37-8 and M51/E32-9) under drought-stress conditions, and three markers (M61/E2-2, M61/E40-6 and M51/E41-12) under normal conditions. Among them, M51/E32-9 and M61/E2-2 markers showed stable association with oil content under drought-stress and normal conditions, respectively. Detected markers would be useful in marker-assisted breeding programs for safflower improvement in arid and semi-arid area.

scholarly journals Identification of salt tolerant genotypes in wheat using stress tolerance indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Bakhshi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Tabatabaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naroui Rad ◽  
Bahram Masoudi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSalinity is one of the most important causes of yield loss in agricultural products, especially wheat. Wheat cultivation, on the other hand, is carried out on a wide range of agricultural land in saline lands. Therefore, wheat breeding for tolerance to salinity can be an effective way to improve yield and yield stability under these conditions. In this study, twenty wheat genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two normal and salinity stress conditions in order to identify suitable indices of wheat stress tolerance and also to identify genotypes tolerant to salinity stress. Genotypes were evaluated based on tolerance index (TOL), stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), susceptibility to stress (SSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean productivity (HM), yield stability (YS) and yield index (YS). The results showed that MP, GMP, HM and STI indices are suitable indices because of their positive and highly significant correlation with yield in both normal and salinity stress conditions and it was found that these indices were suitable tools to achieve high yield genotypes in both environments. The results also showed that genotypes 10, 4, 9, 3 and 8 are resistant to salt stress with acceptable yield. Genotypes 5, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 20 were also identified as the most susceptible genotypes.

scholarly journals Field Screening of Wheat Advanced Lines for Salinity Tolerance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Ehab S. A. Moustafa ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed M. Kamara ◽  
Mohamed F. Awad ◽  
Abdallah A. Hassanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pedigree Selection ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Stressed Field

Salinity in soil or irrigation water requires developing genetically salt-tolerant genotypes, especially in arid regions. Developing salt-tolerant and high-yielding wheat genotypes has become more urgent in particular with continuing global population growth and abrupt climate changes. The current study aimed at investigating the genetic variability of new breeding lines in three advanced generations F6–F8 under salinity stress. The evaluated advanced lines were derived through accurate pedigree selection under actual saline field conditions (7.74 dS/m) and using saline water in irrigation (8.35 dS/m). Ninety-four F6 lines were evaluated in 2017–2018 and reduced by selection to thirty-seven F7 lines in 2018–2019 and afterward to thirty-four F8 lines in 2019–2020 based on grain yield and related traits compared with adopted check cultivars. Significant genetic variability was detected for all evaluated agronomic traits across generations in the salt-stressed field. The elite F8 breeding lines displayed higher performance than the adopted check cultivars. These lines were classified based on yield index into four groups using hierarchical clustering ranging from highly salt-tolerant to slightly salt-tolerant genotypes, which efficiently enhance the narrow genetic pool of salt-tolerance. The detected response to selection and high to intermediate broad-sense heritability for measured traits displayed their potentiality to be utilized through advanced generations under salinity stress for identifying salt-tolerant breeding lines.

scholarly journals Performance of Some Alfalfa Cultivars under Salinity Stress Conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Badran ◽  
Esraa A. M. ElSherebeny ◽  
Y. A. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions

scholarly journals Evaluating the genetic variability of rubber hybrid progenies of the two crosses PB260 x RO44/71 and PB260 x RO62/54 by RAPD technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Thien Minh Nguyen ◽  
Tien Thi My Pham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

The agronomic values of this population have been evaluated in the field experiments based on their phenotypic performance of agronomic traits, but the genetic variability of this population needs to be evaluated via techniques based on genetic material - DNA. In this study, the genetic variability in the investigated population of 71 hybrids and their parents was evaluated by RAPD technique, using eight selected arbitrarily primers; Genetic parameters and dendrogram expressing the genetic relationships among the investigated population were analyzed by GenALEx 6.1, Popgene 1.31 and NTSYSpc 2.1 softwares. Eight primers were used to generate the amplify products on each individual in the investigated population. From 74 genotypes, a total of 109 fragments were generated, among which, there were 89 polymorphic bands representing 81.65% with an average of 11 polymorphic bands/primer. Genetic similarity coefficient among the investigated population, based on DICE coefficient, ranged from 0.560 (LH05/0822 and PB260) to 0.991 (LH05/0781 and LH05/0841) with an average of 0,796, meaning that the genetic distance among ranged from 0.009 to 0.440 with an average of 0.231. The Shannon index and mean heterozygosity values were 0.328 and 0,176, respectively. This indicated that the progenies of the two investigated crosses possessed a relatively high range of genetic variability. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within population represented 62%, while genetic variation among two different crosses contributes 38% to the total genetic variability. Dendrogram based on DICE’s genetic similarity using UPGMA method showed that the hybrids divide into two major genetic groups (0.75), but the crosses were scattered independently of the hybrid.

scholarly journals Selección para calidad fisiológica de la semilla y rendimiento en líneas S2 derivadas de cuatro poblaciones tropicales de maíz (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Enrique Navarro ◽  
Cristina Vega ◽  
Fernando Narváez ◽  
Hugo Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

This study was carried out in 1993 to evaluate S2 lines from four maize tropical populations improved by reciprocal recurrent selection. These lines were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions, the latter one to determine physiology quality. The main goal was to measure genetic variability within and among populations for traits such as grain yield, vigor and germination and to select the best lines under field and laboratory conditions. The combined analysis of variance showed great genetic variability among the S2 lines within and among populations for grain yield, days to flower, plant and ear height, among others. The maximum genetic variability was observed on the lines from population 43 and pool 23 for most of the traits, although the latter showed a greater genetic variability for grain yield. Besides, it is important to mention that the above populations included the best genotypes for grain yield, germination and vigor. Taking into account the above mentionel agronomic traits, fifteen lines were selected; 2 belong to population 43* pool 20, 2 from pool 19* pool 23, 8 from population 43, and 3 from pool 23. These results confirm the genetic superiority of the lines from populations 43 and pool 23, so that these populations should be recommended for future genetic improvement by reciprocal recurrent procedures.

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