CIPK11: a calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase from Nitraria tangutorum, confers tolerance to salt and drought in Arabidopsis

Abstract Background The CIPKs are a group of plant-specific Ser/Thr protein kinases acting in response to calcium signaling, which plays an important role in the physiological and developmental adaptation of plants to adverse environments. However, the functions of halophyte-derived CIPKs are still poorly understood, that limits a potential application of CIPKs from halophytes for improving the tolerance of glycophytes to abiotic stresses. Results In this study, we characterized the NtCIPK11 gene from the halophyte Nitraria tangutorum and subsequently analyzed its role in salt and drought stress tolerance, using Arabidopsis as a transgenic model system. NtCIPK11 expression was upregulated in N. tangutorum root, stem and blade tissues after salt or drought treatment. Overexpressing NtCIPK11 in Arabidopsis improved seed germination on medium containing different levels of NaCl. Moreover, the transgenic plants grew more vigorously under salt stress and developed longer roots under salt or drought conditions than the WT plants. Furthermore, NtCIPK11 overexpression altered the transcription of genes encoding key enzymes involved in proline metabolism in Arabidopsis exposed to salinity, however, which genes showed a relatively weak expression in the transgenic Arabidopsis undergoing mannitol treatment, a situation that mimics drought stress. Besides, the proline significantly accumulated in NtCIPK11-overexpressing plants compared with WT under NaCl treatment, but that was not observed in the transgenic plants under drought stress caused by mannitol application. Conclusions We conclude that NtCIPK11 promotes plant growth and mitigates damage associated with salt stress by regulating the expression of genes controlling proline accumulation. These results extend our understanding on the function of halophyte-derived CIPK genes and suggest that NtCIPK11 can serve as a candidate gene for improving the salt and drought tolerance of glycophytes through genetic engineering.

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CIPK11: a calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase from Nitraria tangutorum, confers tolerance to salt and drought in Arabidopsis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-78110/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Lu ◽

Xinying Chen ◽

Pengkai Wang ◽

Ye Lu ◽

Jingbo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Proline Accumulation ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Interacting Protein ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Nitraria Tangutorum ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Salt And Drought Stress ◽

Different Levels

Abstract Background The CIPKs are a group of plant-specific Ser/Thr protein kinases acting in response to calcium signaling, which plays an important role in the physiological and developmental adaptation of plants to adverse environments. However, the functions of halophyte-derived CIPKs are still poorly understood, that limits a potential application of CIPKs from halophytes for improving the tolerance of glycophytes to abiotic stresses. Results In this study, we characterized the NtCIPK11 gene from the halophyte Nitraria tangutorum and subsequently analyzed its role in salt and drought stress tolerance using transgenic experiments with Arabidopsis. NtCIPK11 expression was upregulated in N. tangutorum root, stem and blade tissues after salt or drought treatment. Overexpressing NtCIPK11 in Arabidopsis improved seed germination on medium containing different levels of NaCl. Moreover, the transgenic plants grew more vigorously under salt stress and developed longer roots under salt or drought conditions than the WT plants. Furthermore, NtCIPK11 overexpression altered transcription of genes encoding key enzymes involved in proline metabolism in Arabidopsis exposed to salinity. Conclusions We conclude that NtCIPK11 promotes plant growth and mitigates damage associated with salt stress by regulating the expression of genes controlling proline accumulation. These results extend our understanding on the function of halophyte-derived CIPK genes and suggest that NtCIPK11 can serve as a candidate gene for improving the salt and drought tolerance of glycophytes through genetic engineering.

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Drought Stress Enhances Up-Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3-Infected in vitro Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Leaves

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-17-0104-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (9) ◽

pp. 1606-1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhen-Hua Cui ◽

Wen-Lu Bi ◽

Xin-Yi Hao ◽

Peng-Min Li ◽

Ying Duan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Regulated Gene Expression

Reddish-purple coloration on the leaf blades and downward rolling of leaf margins are typical symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) in red-fruited grapevine cultivars. These typical symptoms are attributed to the expression of genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanins synthesis, and the accumulation of flavonoids in diseased leaves. Drought has been proven to accelerate development of GLD symptoms in virus-infected leaves of grapevine. However, it is not known how drought affects GLD expression nor how anthocyanin biosynthesis in virus-infected leaves is altered. The present study used HPLC to determine the types and levels of anthocyanins, and applied reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to analyze the expression of genes encoding enzymes for anthocyanin synthesis. Plantlets of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3)-infected Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ were grown in vitro under PEG-induced drought stress. HPLC found no anthocyanin-related peaks in the healthy plantlets with or without PEG-induced stress, while 11 peaks were detected in the infected plantlets with or without PEG-induced drought stress, but the peaks were significantly higher in infected drought-stressed plantlets. Increased accumulation of total anthocyanin compounds was related to the development of GLD symptoms in the infected plantlets under PEG stress. The highest level of up-regulated gene expression was found in GLRaV-3-infected leaves with PEG-induced drought stress. Analyses of variance and correlation of anthocyanin accumulation with related gene expression levels found that GLRaV-3-infection was the key factor in increased anthocyanin accumulation. This accumulation involved the up-regulation of two key genes, MYBA1 and UFGT, and their expression levels were further enhanced by drought stress.

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Germin Like Protein Genes Exhibit Modular Expression During Salt and Drought Stress in Elite Rice Cultivars

10.21203/rs.3.rs-713600/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jazba Anum ◽

Charlotte O’Shea ◽

M Zeeshan Hyder ◽

Sumaira Farrukh ◽

Karen Skriver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Chromosome 8 ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Salt And Drought Stress ◽

Leaves And Roots

Abstract Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are ubiquitous plant proteins, which play significant role in plant responses against various abiotic stresses. However, the potential functions of GLPs in rice (Oryza Sativa) against salt and drought stress are still unclear. In this study, transcriptional variation of 8 OsGLP genes (OsGLP3-6, OsGLP4-1, OsGLP8-4, OsGLP8-7, OsGLP8-10, OsGLP8-11 and OsGLP8-12) was analyzed in leaves and roots of two economically important Indica rice cultivars, KS282 and Super Basmati under salt and drought stress at early seedling stage. The relative expression analysis from qRT-PCR indicated the highest increase in expression of OsGLP3-6 in leaves and roots of both rice varieties with a significantly higher expression in KS282. Moreover, relative change in expression of OsGLP8-7, OsGLP8-10 and OsGLP8-11 under salt stress and OsGLP8-7 under drought stress was also commonly higher in leaves and roots of KS282 as compared to Super Basmati. Whereas, OsGLP3-7 and OsGLP8-12 after salt stress and OsGLP8-4 and OsGLP8-12 after drought stress were observed with higher relative expression in roots of Super Basmati than KS282. Importantly, the OsGLP3-6 and OsGLP4-1 from chromosome 3 and 4 respectively showed higher expression in leaves whereas most of the OsGLP genes from chromosome 8 exhibited higher expression in roots. Overall, as a result of this comparative analysis, OsGLP genes showed both general and specific expression profiles depending upon a specific rice variety, stress condition as well as tissue type. These results will increase our understanding of role of OsGLP genes in rice crop and provide useful information for the further in-depth research on their regulatory mechanisms in response to these stress conditions.

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Comprehensive evaluation of candidate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR-based analysis in Caucasian clover

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82633-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiujie Yin ◽

Taotao He ◽

Kun Yi ◽

Yihang Zhao ◽

Yao Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Reference Genes ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Trifolium Ambiguum ◽

Transcriptomic Data ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Forage Species ◽

Salt And Drought Stress

AbstractThe forage species Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), a groundcover plant, is resistant to both cold and drought. However, reference genes for qRT-PCR-based analysis of Caucasian clover are lacking. In this study, 12 reference genes were selected on the basis of transcriptomic data. These genes were used to determine the most stably expressed genes in various organs of Caucasian clover under cold, salt and drought stress for qRT-PCR-based analysis. Reference gene stability was analyzed by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, the ∆Ct method and RefFinder. Under salt stress, RCD1 and PPIL3 were the most stable reference genes in the leaves, and NLI1 and RCD1 were the most stable references genes in the roots. Under low-temperature stress, APA and EFTu-GTP were the most stable reference genes in the leaves, and the RCD1 and NLI2 genes were highly stable in the roots. Under 10% PEG-6000 stress, NLI1 and NLI2 were highly stable in the leaves, and RCD1 and PPIL3 were the most stable in the roots. Overall, RCD1 and NLI2 were the most stable reference genes in organs under normal conditions and across all samples. The most and least stable reference genes were validated by assessing their appropriateness for normalization via WRKY genes.

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Isolation and characterization of MbWRKY1, a WRKY transcription factor gene from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh involved in drought tolerance

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2017-0355 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 1023-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Deguo Han ◽

Haibin Ding ◽

Lijing Chai ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Zhaoyuan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Wrky Transcription Factor ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Relative Water ◽

Stress Related Genes ◽

Malus Baccata

WRKY transcription factors are involved in stress responses in plants; however, their roles in abiotic stresses are still not well known in Malus plants. In the present study, a WRKY gene was isolated from Malus baccata (L.) Borkh and designated as MbWRKY1. Subcellular localization revealed that MbWRKY1 was localized in the nucleus. The expression levels of MbWRKY1 were up-regulated by dehydration, salinity, and ABA treatments in M. baccata seedlings. When MbWRKY1 was introduced into tobacco, it improved drought stress tolerance in transgenic plants. Under the drought treatment, transgenic plants had higher contents of chlorophyll, proline, relative water, AsA, and GSH than wild-type (WT) plants. Compared with WT plants, the overexpression of MbWRKY1 in transgenic tobacco also led to decreased levels of H2O2, MDA, and elecrolyte leakage when dealing with drought stress. There were increased activities of POD, CAT, SOD, and APX in transgenic tobaccos, especially when dealing with drought treatment. Moreover, the MbWRKY1 transgenic plants enhanced the expressions of oxidative stress response (NtPOD, NtCAT, NtSOD, and NtAPX) and stress-related genes (NtP5CS and NtLEA5) when dealing with drought stress. These results suggest that the MbWRKY1 gene plays a positive regulatory role in drought stress response.

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Salt stress induces altered expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in seedlings of a Brazilian indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Plant Science ◽

10.1016/j.plantsci.2003.10.001 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 166 (2) ◽

pp. 323-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Larissa Menezes-Benavente ◽

Felipe Karam Teixeira ◽

Claire Lessa Alvim Kamei ◽

Márcia Margis-Pinheiro

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Indica Rice ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding

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CaLEA 73 gene from Capsicum annuum L. enhances drought and osmotic tolerance modulating transpiration rate in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-281 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 227-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gerardo Acosta-García ◽

Angela M. Chapa-Oliver ◽

Jesus R. Millán-Almaraz ◽

Ramón G. Guevara-González ◽

Elvira Cortez-Baheza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽

Transgenic Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Osmotic Tolerance ◽

Transgenic Lines

Acosta-García, G., Chapa-Oliver, A. M., Millán-Almaraz, J. R., Guevara-González, R. G., Cortez-Baheza, E., Rangel-Cano, R. M., Ramírez-Pimentel, J. G., Cruz-Hernandez, A., Gueara-Olvera, L., Aguilera-Bibian, J. E., Hernández-Salazar, M. and Torres-Pacheco, I. 2015. CaLEA 73 gene from Capsicum annuum L. enhances drought and osmotic tolerance modulating transpiration rate in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 227–235. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are an important group of proteins related to the protection of several kinds of abiotic stresses in plants. A LEA gene was cloned from Capsicum annuum seeds and named CaLEA73. This gene was expressed in C. annuum plants during several phenological stages as well as in cold stress and exogen ABA applications. The CaLEA73 gene was ectopically expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants in order to analyse its role under drought and salt stress. Our results displayed an increase in tolerance to drought and osmotic, but not under salt stress in the transgenic lines evaluated. Interestingly, proline levels in transgenic lines were not higher than azygous control plants, when the drought stress was evaluated. Transpiration levels in transgenic plants were lower than control, suggesting an improvement in water efficiency use in CaLEA73 transgenic lines. The stomatal density and index were significantly minor in transgenic plants in comparison to azygous control, likely indicating a reason of the minor transpiration in transgenic plants. Our results are discussed in the context of drought stress physiology aspects for crop improvement.

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Persulfidation of Nitrate Reductase 2 Is Involved in L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase-Regulated Rice Drought Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12119

Author(s):

Heng Zhou ◽

Yin Zhou ◽

Feng Zhang ◽

Wenxue Guan ◽

Ye Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Total Soluble Protein ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Overexpression Line ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Cysteine Desulfhydrase ◽

H2s Production ◽

Nr Activity

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule that regulates diverse cellular signaling pathways through persulfidation. Our previous study revealed that H2S is involved in the improvement of rice drought tolerance. However, the corresponding enzymatic sources of H2S and its regulatory mechanism in response to drought stress are not clear. Here, we cloned and characterized a putative L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) gene in rice, which encodes a protein possessing H2S-producing activity and was named OsLCD1. Overexpression of OsLCD1 results in enhanced H2S production, persulfidation of total soluble protein, and confers rice drought tolerance. Further, we found that nitrate reductase (NR) activity was decreased under drought stress, and the inhibition of NR activity was controlled by endogenous H2S production. Persulfidation of NIA2, an NR isoform responsible for the main NR activity, led to a decrease in total NR activity in rice. Furthermore, drought stress-triggered inhibition of NR activity and persulfidation of NIA2 was intensified in the OsLCD1 overexpression line. Phenotypical and molecular analysis revealed that mutation of NIA2 enhanced rice drought tolerance by activating the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and ABA-responsive genes. Taken together, our results showed the role of OsLCD1 in modulating H2S production and provided insight into H2S-regulated persulfidation of NIA2 in the control of rice drought stress.

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Salt stress in popcorn genotypes trigger changes of antioxidant enzymes

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.10.p1830 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1607-1616

Author(s):

Claudia Borsari Trevizan ◽

Cristine Bonacina ◽

Letícia Lourenceto ◽

Tiago Benedito dos Santos ◽

Silvia Graciele Hülse de Souza

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Differential Expression Pattern ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Osmotic Activity

Salinity is a major problem in agriculture because it can alter the metabolism of plants and affect crop yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NaCl on growth, key antioxidants and changes in the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. Two popcorn genotypes, IAC125 and UFMV2, experienced reduction in growth as the salt concentration increased. Increase in chlorophyll content and damage to the plasma membrane was observed. Consequently, changes in osmotic activity led to reduced water content in the leaves. Increased concentration of salt increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in two popcorn genotypes but maximum activity was observed in the IAC125 genotype. Such enzymatic activities occur in order to maintain the levels of lipid peroxidation under salt stress, indicating that this genotype is tolerant to salinity conditions. The ZmAPX, ZmCAT, ZmSOD (Cu/Zn) and ZmSOD (Mn) genes increased their expression as salinity increased. The ZmSOD (Fe) gene was highly regulated in the IAC125 genotype under salt stress, but low regulation was observed in the UFM2 genotype, regardless of the salt concentration. The enhancement in tolerance against salt stress indicates that the genes involved in the antioxidative process are triggered by oxidative stress induced by abiotic stresses. These results showed that the popcorn varieties have different levels of salt tolerance due to the differential expression pattern of the antioxidant genes. The up-regulation of antioxidant enzymatic activity could lead to increased scavenging of excessive free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.

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