scholarly journals Germin Like Protein Genes Exhibit Modular Expression During Salt and Drought Stress in Elite Rice Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazba Anum ◽  
Charlotte O’Shea ◽  
M Zeeshan Hyder ◽  
Sumaira Farrukh ◽  
Karen Skriver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Abstract Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are ubiquitous plant proteins, which play significant role in plant responses against various abiotic stresses. However, the potential functions of GLPs in rice (Oryza Sativa) against salt and drought stress are still unclear. In this study, transcriptional variation of 8 OsGLP genes (OsGLP3-6, OsGLP4-1, OsGLP8-4, OsGLP8-7, OsGLP8-10, OsGLP8-11 and OsGLP8-12) was analyzed in leaves and roots of two economically important Indica rice cultivars, KS282 and Super Basmati under salt and drought stress at early seedling stage. The relative expression analysis from qRT-PCR indicated the highest increase in expression of OsGLP3-6 in leaves and roots of both rice varieties with a significantly higher expression in KS282. Moreover, relative change in expression of OsGLP8-7, OsGLP8-10 and OsGLP8-11 under salt stress and OsGLP8-7 under drought stress was also commonly higher in leaves and roots of KS282 as compared to Super Basmati. Whereas, OsGLP3-7 and OsGLP8-12 after salt stress and OsGLP8-4 and OsGLP8-12 after drought stress were observed with higher relative expression in roots of Super Basmati than KS282. Importantly, the OsGLP3-6 and OsGLP4-1 from chromosome 3 and 4 respectively showed higher expression in leaves whereas most of the OsGLP genes from chromosome 8 exhibited higher expression in roots. Overall, as a result of this comparative analysis, OsGLP genes showed both general and specific expression profiles depending upon a specific rice variety, stress condition as well as tissue type. These results will increase our understanding of role of OsGLP genes in rice crop and provide useful information for the further in-depth research on their regulatory mechanisms in response to these stress conditions.

scholarly journals Comprehensive evaluation of candidate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR-based analysis in Caucasian clover

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiujie Yin ◽  
Taotao He ◽  
Kun Yi ◽  
Yihang Zhao ◽  
Yao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress

AbstractThe forage species Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.), a groundcover plant, is resistant to both cold and drought. However, reference genes for qRT-PCR-based analysis of Caucasian clover are lacking. In this study, 12 reference genes were selected on the basis of transcriptomic data. These genes were used to determine the most stably expressed genes in various organs of Caucasian clover under cold, salt and drought stress for qRT-PCR-based analysis. Reference gene stability was analyzed by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, the ∆Ct method and RefFinder. Under salt stress, RCD1 and PPIL3 were the most stable reference genes in the leaves, and NLI1 and RCD1 were the most stable references genes in the roots. Under low-temperature stress, APA and EFTu-GTP were the most stable reference genes in the leaves, and the RCD1 and NLI2 genes were highly stable in the roots. Under 10% PEG-6000 stress, NLI1 and NLI2 were highly stable in the leaves, and RCD1 and PPIL3 were the most stable in the roots. Overall, RCD1 and NLI2 were the most stable reference genes in organs under normal conditions and across all samples. The most and least stable reference genes were validated by assessing their appropriateness for normalization via WRKY genes.

scholarly journals CIPK11: a calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase from Nitraria tangutorum, confers tolerance to salt and drought in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Xinying Chen ◽  
Pengkai Wang ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
Jingbo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nitraria Tangutorum ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Weak Expression

Abstract Background The CIPKs are a group of plant-specific Ser/Thr protein kinases acting in response to calcium signaling, which plays an important role in the physiological and developmental adaptation of plants to adverse environments. However, the functions of halophyte-derived CIPKs are still poorly understood, that limits a potential application of CIPKs from halophytes for improving the tolerance of glycophytes to abiotic stresses. Results In this study, we characterized the NtCIPK11 gene from the halophyte Nitraria tangutorum and subsequently analyzed its role in salt and drought stress tolerance, using Arabidopsis as a transgenic model system. NtCIPK11 expression was upregulated in N. tangutorum root, stem and blade tissues after salt or drought treatment. Overexpressing NtCIPK11 in Arabidopsis improved seed germination on medium containing different levels of NaCl. Moreover, the transgenic plants grew more vigorously under salt stress and developed longer roots under salt or drought conditions than the WT plants. Furthermore, NtCIPK11 overexpression altered the transcription of genes encoding key enzymes involved in proline metabolism in Arabidopsis exposed to salinity, however, which genes showed a relatively weak expression in the transgenic Arabidopsis undergoing mannitol treatment, a situation that mimics drought stress. Besides, the proline significantly accumulated in NtCIPK11-overexpressing plants compared with WT under NaCl treatment, but that was not observed in the transgenic plants under drought stress caused by mannitol application. Conclusions We conclude that NtCIPK11 promotes plant growth and mitigates damage associated with salt stress by regulating the expression of genes controlling proline accumulation. These results extend our understanding on the function of halophyte-derived CIPK genes and suggest that NtCIPK11 can serve as a candidate gene for improving the salt and drought tolerance of glycophytes through genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Germin like protein genes exhibit modular expression during salt and drought stress in elite rice cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazba Anum ◽  
Charlotte O’Shea ◽  
M. Zeeshan Hyder ◽  
Sumaira Farrukh ◽  
Karen Skriver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress

scholarly journals Physiological performance of sunflower genotypes under combined salt and drought stress environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Environment

AbstractThe physiological performance of some sunflower genotypes (S.28111, SF0049, Hysun-33, Hysun-39) under salt, drought stress separately and in combination was examined. Salt, drought and a combination of these stresses were applied to plants by gradual increments. The plants were exposed to stress for two weeks. Relative water content, osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, performance index, dark adapted quantum yield and chlorophyll contents were reduced upon salinity and drought stresses. However, when plants were subjected to a combination of these stresses, a greater reduction in all tested attributes was observed. Proline and carotenoid contents in drought stress were elevated compared to salt stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed the highest activity in individual salt and drought stress with less accumulation of H2O2. Combined stress reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes which ultimately decreased the physiological performance of sunflower plants. However, among the tested genotypes, S.28111 and SF0049 were found to be more tolerant to drought, salt and combined stress than both Hysun genotypes. The physiological performance of genotypes against salinity and drought individually and in combination is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Mulberry Trees (Morus alba. L.) to Combined Salt and Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Dongfeng Ji ◽  
Robert Turgeon ◽  
Jine Chen ◽  
Tianbao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Intensive investigations have been conducted on the effect of sole drought or salinity stress on the growth of plants. However, there is relatively little knowledge on how plants, particularly woody species, respond to a combination of these two stresses although these stresses can simultaneously occur in the field. In this study, mulberry, an economically important resource for traditional medicine, and the sole food of domesticated silkworms was subjected to a combination of salt and drought stress and analyzed by physiological methods and TMT-based proteomics. Stressed mulberry exhibited significant alteration in physiological parameters, including root/shoot ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence, total carbon, and ion reallocation. A total of 577 and 270 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from the stressed leaves and roots, respectively. Through KEGG analysis, these DEPs were assigned to multiple pathways, including carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, redox, secondary metabolism, and hormone metabolism. Among these pathways, the sucrose related metabolic pathway was distinctly enriched in both stressed leaves and roots, indicating an important contribution in mulberry under stress condition. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive mechanism of mulberry in response to salt and drought stress, which will facilitate further studies on innovations in terms of crop performance.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of the DUF4228 Family in Soybean and Functional Identification of GmDUF4228–70 in Response to Drought and Salt Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xin Leng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Zhan-Yu Chen ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Drought And Salt Stresses

Domain of unknown function 4228 (DUF4228) proteins are a class of proteins widely found in plants, playing an important role in response to abiotic stresses. However, studies on the DUF4228 family in soybean (Glycine max L.) are sparse. In this study, we identified a total of 81 DUF4228 genes in soybean genome, named systematically based on their chromosome distributions. Results showed that these genes were unevenly distributed on the 20 chromosomes of soybean. The predicted soybean DUF4228 proteins were identified in three groups (Groups I–III) based on a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. Genetic structure analysis showed that most of the GmDUF4228 genes contained no introns. Expression profiling showed that GmDUF4228 genes were widely expressed in different organs and tissues in soybean. RNA-seq data were used to characterize the expression profiles of GmDUF4228 genes under the treatments of drought and salt stresses, with nine genes showing significant up-regulation under both drought and salt stress further functionally verified by promoter (cis-acting elements) analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Due to its upregulation under drought and salt stresses based on both RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses, GmDUF4228-70 was selected for further functional analysis in transgenic plants. Under drought stress, the degree of leaf curling and wilting of the GmDUF4228-70-overexpressing (GmDUF4228-70-OE) line was lower than that of the empty vector (EV) line. GmDUF4228-70-OE lines also showed increased proline content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content, and decreased contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and O2–. Under salt stress, the changes in phenotypic and physiological indicators of transgenic plants were the same as those under drought stress. In addition, overexpression of the GmDUF4228-70 gene promoted the expression of marker genes under both drought and salt stresses. Taken together, the results indicated that GmDUF4228 genes play important roles in response to abiotic stresses in soybean.

scholarly journals A Novel Heat Shock Transcription Factor (ZmHsf08) Negatively Regulates Salt and Drought Stress Responses in Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11922
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Yun Long ◽  
Weina Si ◽  
Beijiu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Salt And Drought Stress ◽  
Salt And Drought Stresses

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the function of these transcription factors in abiotic stress responses in maize (Zea mays) remains largely unknown. In this study, we characterized a novel HSF transcription factor gene, ZmHsf08, from maize. ZmHsf08 was highly homologous to SbHsfB1, BdHsfB1, and OsHsfB1, and has no transcriptional activation activity. The expression profiles demonstrated that ZmHsf08 was differentially expressed in various organs of maize and was induced by salt, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Moreover, the overexpression of ZmHsf08 in maize resulted in enhanced sensitivity to salt and drought stresses, displaying lower survival rates, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analyses revealed that ZmHsf08 negatively regulates a number of stress/ABA-responsive genes under salt and drought stress conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that ZmHsf08 plays a negative role in response to salt and drought stresses in maize.

scholarly journals Characterization of Interactions between the Soybean Salt-Stress Responsive Membrane-Intrinsic Proteins GmPIP1 and GmPIP2

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Weicong Qi ◽  
Haiying Lu ◽  
Hongbo Shao ◽  
Dayong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Important Trait

Salt tolerance is an important trait in soybean cultivation and breeding. Plant responses to salt stress include physiological and biochemical changes that affect the movement of water across the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) localize to the plasma membrane and regulate the water and solutes flow. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR and yeast two-hybridization were engaged to analyze the early gene expression profiles and interactions of a set of soybean PIPs (GmPIPs) in response to salt stress. A total of 20 GmPIPs-encoding genes had varied expression profiles after salt stress. Among them, 13 genes exhibited a downregulated expression pattern, including GmPIP1;6, the constitutive overexpression of which could improve soybean salt tolerance, and its close homologs GmPIP1;7 and 1;5. Three genes showed upregulated patterns, including the GmPIP1;6 close homolog GmPIP1;4, when four genes with earlier increased and then decreased expression patterns. GmPIP1;5 and GmPIP1;6 could both physically interact strongly with GmPIP2;2, GmPIP2;4, GmPIP2;6, GmPIP2;8, GmPIP2;9, GmPIP2;11, and GmPIP2;13. Definite interactions between GmPIP1;6 and GmPIP1;7 were detected and GmPIP2;9 performed homo-interaction. The interactions of GmPIP1;5 with GmPIP2;11 and 2;13, GmPIP1;6 with GmPIP2;9, 2;11 and GmPIP2;13, and GmPIP2;9 with itself were strengthened upon salt stress rather than osmotic stress. Taken together, we inferred that GmPIP1 type and GmPIP2 type could associate with each other to synergistically function in the plant cell; a salt-stress environment could promote part of their interactions. This result provided new clues to further understand the soybean PIP–isoform interactions, which lead to potentially functional homo- and heterotetramers for salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Profiling of Nonphosphorus Glycerolipid Synthase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Xinqiao Zhan ◽  
Yichun Qian ◽  
Bizeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Functional Investigation

Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited information on NGLS genes in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of eight DcaNGLS genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome; these included three monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaMGD1, 2, 3) genes, two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaDGD1, 2) genes, and three sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaSQD1, 2.1, 2.2) genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs in the DcaNGLSs showed a high conservation during their evolution. Gene expression profiling showed that the DcaNGLSs were highly expressed in specific tissues and during rapid growth stages. Furthermore, most DcaNGLSs were strongly induced by freezing and post-freezing recovery. DcaMGD1 and DcaSQDs were greatly induced by salt stress in leaves, while DcaDGDs were primarily induced by salt stress in roots. Under drought stress, most DcaNGLSs were regulated by circadian rhythms, and DcaSQD2 was closely associated with drought recovery. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that MYB might be regulated by circadian rhythm and co-expressed with DcaNGLSs under drought stress. These results provide insight for the further functional investigation of NGLS and the regulation of nonphosphorus glycerolipid biosynthesis in Dendrobium.

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