scholarly journals Maternal karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype affect the induction efficiency of doubled haploid inducer in Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yongting Ma ◽  
Zhendong Zhu ◽  
Liangjun Huang ◽  
Asif Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Genome Doubling ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Selective Elimination ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Ploidy Identification ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Chip Analysis

Abstract Background Artificial synthesis of octoploid rapeseed double haploid (DH) induction lines Y3380 and Y3560 was made possible by interspecific hybridization and genome doubling techniques. Production of pure lines by DH induction provides a new way to achieve homozygosity earlier in B.napus. Previously, the mechanism of induction, and whether the induction has obvious maternal genotypic differences or not, are not known so far. Results In this study, different karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype of B.napus were pollinated with the previously reported DH inducers e.g. Y3380 and Y3560. Our study presents a fine comparison of different cytoplasmic genotypes hybridization to unravel the mechanism of DH induction. Ploidy identification, fertility and SSR marker analysis of induced F1 generation, revealed that ploidy and phenotype of the induced F1 plants were consistent with that type of maternal, rather than paternal parent. The SNP chip analysis revealed that induction efficiency of DH inducers were affected by the karyogene when the maternal cytoplasmic genotypes were the same. However, DH induction efficiency was also affected by cytoplasmic genotype when the karyogenes were same, and the offspring of the ogura cytoplasm showed high frequency inducer gene hybridization or low-frequency infiltration. Conclusion The induction effect is influenced by the interaction between maternal karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype, and the results from the partial hybridization of progeny chromosomes indicate that the induction process may be attributed to the selective elimination of paternal chromosome. This study provides a basis for exploring the mechanism of DH inducer in B.napus, and provides new insights for utilization of inducers in molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Maternal Karyogene and Cytoplasmic Genotype Affect the Induction Efficiency of Doubled Haploid Inducer in Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
YongTing Ma ◽  
ZhenDong Zhu ◽  
LiangJun Huang ◽  
Asif Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Chip Analysis ◽  
F1 Generation

Abstract Background Production of pure lines by double haploid induction provides a new way to achieve homozygosity earlier in Brassica napus. Previously, it is not known, whether the induction has obvious maternal genotypic differences. Results In this study, different karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype of Brassica napus was pollinated with the inducers Y3380 and Y3560. Using the identification of the ploidy, fertility and SSR analysis of the induced F1 generation, it was found that the ploidy and phenotype of the induced F1 plants were consistent with maternal parent. The SNP chip analysis revealed that induction efficiency was affected by the karyogene when the maternal cytoplasmic genotype was the same. However, this efficiency was affected by the cytoplasmic genotype when the karyogenes were same, and the offspring of the ogura cytoplasm easier to high-frequency inducer gene hybridization or low-frequency infiltration. Conclusion The induction effect is influenced by the interaction between maternal karyogene and cytoplasmic genotype, and the results from the partial hybridization of progeny chromosomes indicate that the induction process may be attributed to the selective elimination of paternal chromosome. This study provides a basis for exploring the mechanism of DH inducer in Brassica napus, and provides new insights for utilization of inducers inbreeding.

scholarly journals Origin, Conservation, and Loss of Alternative Splicing Events that Diversify the Proteome in Saccharomycotina Budding Yeasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Hurtig ◽  
Minseon Kim ◽  
Luisa J. Orlando-Coronel ◽  
Jellisa Ewan ◽  
Michelle Foreman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Duplicate Genes ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Doubling ◽  
Whole Genome Doubling ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Mammalian Genes

AbstractMany eukaryotes use alternative splicing to express multiple proteins from the same gene. However, while the majority of mammalian genes are alternatively spliced, other eukaryotes use this process less frequently. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully used to study the mechanism of splicing and the splicing machinery, but alternative splicing in yeast is relatively rare and has not been extensively studied. We have recently shown that the alternative splicing of SKI7/HBS1 is widely conserved, but that yeast and a few other eukaryotes have replaced this one alternatively spliced gene with a pair of duplicated unspliced genes as part of a whole genome doubling (WGD). Here we show that other examples of alternative splicing that were previously found to have functional consequences are widely conserved within the Saccharomycotina. We also show that the most common mechanism by which alternative splicing has disappeared is by the replacement of an alternatively spliced gene with duplicate genes. Saccharomycetaceae that diverged before WGD use alternative splicing more frequently than S. cerevisiae. This suggests that the WGD is a major reason for the low frequency of alternative splicing in yeast. We anticipate that whole genome doublings in other lineages may have had the same effect.

Crosswell Magnetic Sensing of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Subsurface Applications

SPE Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 1067-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Reza Rahmani ◽  
Steve Bryant ◽  
Chun Huh ◽  
Alex Athey ◽  
Mohsen Ahmadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Hydrodynamic Dispersion ◽  
Magnetic Response ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Magnetic Contrast

Summary Stable dispersions of superparamagnetic nanoparticles that are already in use in biomedicine as image-enhancing agents also have potential use in subsurface applications. Surface-coated nanoparticles are capable of flowing through micron-sized pores across long distances in a reservoir, with modest retention in rock. These particles change the magnetic permeability of the flooded region, and thus one can use them to enhance images of the flood. In this paper, we model the propagation of a “ferrofluid” slug in a reservoir and its response to a crosswell magnetic tomography system. This approach to monitoring fluid movement within a reservoir is built on established electromagnetic (EM) conductivity-monitoring technology. In this work, however, we investigate the contrast between injected and resident fluids when they have different magnetic permeabilities. Specifically, we highlight the magnetic response at low frequency to the magnetic excitations generated by a vertical magnetic dipole source positioned at the injection well. At these frequencies, the induction effect is small, the casing effect is manageable, the crosswell response originates purely from the magnetic contrast in the formation, and changes in fluid conductivities are irrelevant. The sensitivity of the measurements to the magnetic slug is highest when the slug is closest to the source or receivers and lower when the slug is midway in the interwell region. At low frequencies, the magnetic response of the ferrofluid slug is largely independent of frequency. As expected for the conductive slug, the sensitivity of the inductive measurements is negligible at low frequencies whereas significant levels of detectability result at higher frequencies. We demonstrate sensitivity to the vertical boundaries of the slug by shifting the vertical position of the excitation source relative to the magnetic slug. The slug geometry plays a key role in determining the magnetic response. With a fixed volume of ferrofluid, there is an optimum slug geometry that results in the maximum magnetic response. Hydrodynamic dispersion of the slug has negligible effect on the magnetic response during early stages of the waterflood. As the slug travels farther into the formation, however, dispersion reduces the concentration of nanoparticles, and the spatial contributions of the magnetic measurements are more diffuse. We illustrate how these low-frequency excitation behaviors are consistent with the quasistatic magnetic dipole physics. The fact that the progress of the magnetic slug can be detected at very early stages of the flood, that the traveling slug's vertical boundaries can be identified at low frequencies, and that the magnetic nanoparticles can be sensed well before the actual arrival of the slug at the observer well provide significant value of the use of the magnetic-contrast agents in crosswell EM tomography.

scholarly journals A Transformer-Less Multiconverter Having Output Voltage and Frequency Regulation Characteristics, Employed with Simple Switching Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3075
Author(s):  
Naveed Ashraf ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Nasim Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Power Circuit ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Input Transformer ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Ac Converters

The attractive features of the direct AC-AC converters increase their use in many applications such as voltage control for a heavy-duty load that has a high time constant, AC machine drives, and heating systems based on the induction process. These converters process power in single-stage having simple circuit topologies with reduced switching devices and circuit components. These characteristics lead to the efficient power conversion process. The use of a low-frequency input transformer with multiple output tapping for the regulation of output voltage and frequency is one of the major sources of cost, size, and conversion losses. The complication in the switching algorithms is also the main concern in these converters. The preceding deficiencies lower their potency to be used in daily life. The costly controllers or processors are to be employed to realize the complex control techniques or algorithms. That increases the overall cost and circuit complication. This paper introduces the simple control techniques employed to a novel transformer less multi converter to have the various ac outputs for voltage and frequency regulation. The validation of power circuit and control schemes is tested through the simulation and practical results obtained in Simulink and practical setup respectively.

CHROMOSOME DOUBLING OF BARLEY HAPLOIDS BY NITROUS OXIDE AND COLCHICINE TREATMENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Subrahmanyam ◽  
K. J. Kasha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Selective Elimination

Hybridization of Hordeum vulgare L. (2n = 14) with H. bulbosum L. (2n = 14) results in a high frequency of haploids of H. vulgare through selective elimination of H. bulbosum chromosomes. Doubled haploids were produced by nitrous oxide (N2O) or 0.1% colchicine with and without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatments. Pollinated florets (vulgare × bulbosum) were treated with N2O under 21.1 × 10−3 to 42.2 × 10−3 kg/m2 pressure (30 to 60 psi) and the frequency of doubled haploids ranged from 0 to 100%, depending upon pressure and duration of exposure. However, the frequency of seedlings from the most effective N2O doubling treatment was very low (0.5%) whereas 17% of the florets pollinated in the controls resulted in seedlings. Of the haploid seedlings treated with either 0.1% colchicine or colchicine plus DMSO, doubled sectors occurred in 37.4 and 55.8% respectively. Seed was also obtained from 3% of the untreated plants indicating a low frequency of natural chromosome doubling. The proportion of doubled tillers per plant was 61.6% in colchicine plus DMSO treatments and 30.8% in the colchicine treatments. Colchicine plus DMSO was the most efficient treatment for doubling barley haploids during early stages of development.

EVALUATION OF CROSS-ATTRACTION BETWEEN SYMPATRIC CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS AND C. RETINIANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) POPULATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL OREGON

1984 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Liebhold ◽  
W. Jan A. Volney ◽  
William E. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Choristoneura Occidentalis ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pheromone Specificity ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Cross Attraction

AbstractThe pheromone specificity of female Choristoneura occcidentalis Freeman and C. retiniana (Walsingham) from several locales, laboratory colonies, and interspecific matings was determined by observing the numbers and wing maculations of males attracted at several sites in southern Oregon. Pheromone specificity of females reared from field-collected brown (typical of C. occidentalis) and green (typical of C. retiniana) larval morphs differed considerably but differed little among sites of origin. Field-collected females attracted more males than conspecific individuals from laboratory colonies. F1 and F2 interspecific hybrids most closely resembled C. occidentalis in the numbers and types of males attracted. As a group, progeny of backcrosses to C. retiniana appeared intermediate between pure lines of the species in their pheromone specificity. Females reared from intermediate-colored field-collected larvae varied considerably in attractiveness. Most attracted groups of males similar to those attracted to female C. retiniana, but others attracted males most similar to those attracted to female progeny of C. retiniana hybrid backcrosses. These findings support the conclusion that hybrid matings occur between these species at a low frequency in nature.

A Study on the Fine Structure of the Lateral Line Organ of the Sea Eel

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 648-649
Author(s):  
K. Hama
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Transmission Electron

The lateral line organs of the sea eel consist of canal and pit organs which are different in function. The former is a low frequency vibration detector whereas the latter functions as an ion receptor as well as a mechano receptor.The fine structure of the sensory epithelia of both organs were studied by means of ordinary transmission electron microscope, high voltage electron microscope and of surface scanning electron microscope.The sensory cells of the canal organ are polarized in front-caudal direction and those of the pit organ are polarized in dorso-ventral direction. The sensory epithelia of both organs have thinner surface coats compared to the surrounding ordinary epithelial cells, which have very thick fuzzy coatings on the apical surface.

Lectin Binding to Human Breast Tumor Cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Robert E. Nordquist ◽  
J. Hill Anglin ◽  
Michael P. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Duct Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ricin Agglutinin

A human breast carcinoma cell line (BOT-2) was derived from an infiltrating duct carcinoma (1). These cells were shown to have antigens that selectively bound antibodies from breast cancer patient sera (2). Furthermore, these tumor specific antigens could be removed from the living cells by low frequency sonication and have been partially characterized (3). These proteins have been shown to be around 100,000 MW and contain approximately 6% hexose and hexosamines. However, only the hexosamines appear to be available for lectin binding. This study was designed to use Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus Communis (Ricin) agglutinin for the topagraphical localization of D-mannopyranosyl or glucopyranosyl and D-galactopyranosyl or DN- acetyl glactopyranosyl configurations on BOT-2 cell surfaces.

Practical High Resolution Microscopy

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
P. A. Marsh ◽  
T. Mullens ◽  
D. Price
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy ◽  
New Facilities

It is possible to exceed the guaranteed resolution on most electron microscopes by careful attention to microscope parameters essential for high resolution work. While our experience is related to a Philips EM-200, we hope that some of these comments will apply to all electron microscopes.The first considerations are vibration and magnetic fields. These are usually measured at the pre-installation survey and must be within specifications. It has been our experience, however, that these factors can be greatly influenced by the new facilities and therefore must be rechecked after the installation is completed. The relationship between the resolving power of an EM-200 and the maximum tolerable low frequency interference fields in milli-Oerstedt is 10 Å - 1.9, 8 Å - 1.4, 6 Å - 0.8.

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