scholarly journals Validity and reliability of an adapted questionnaire measuring knowledge, awareness and practice regarding familial hypercholesterolaemia among primary care physicians in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Baihaqi Azraii ◽  
Anis Safura Ramli ◽  
Zaliha Ismail ◽  
Suraya Abdul-Razak ◽  
Siti Fatimah Badlishah-Sham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Content Validation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Postgraduate Qualification ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Primary care physicians (PCP) play an important role in detecting Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) early. However, knowledge, awareness and practice (KAP) regarding FH among Malaysian PCP are not well established, and there was no validated tool to assess their FH KAP. Thus, the aim of this study was to adapt an FH KAP questionnaire and determine its validity and reliability among Malaysian PCP. Methods This cross-sectional validation study involved Malaysian PCP with ≥ 1-year work experience in the primary care settings. In Phase 1, the original 19-item FH KAP questionnaire underwent content validation and adaptation by 7 experts. The questionnaire was then converted into an online survey instrument and was face validated by 10 PCP. In Phase 2, the adapted questionnaire was disseminated through e-mail to 1500 PCP. Data were collected on their KAP, demography, qualification and work experience. The construct validity was tested using known-groups validation method. The hypothesis was PCP holding postgraduate qualification (PCP-PG-Qual) would have better FH KAP compared with PCP without postgraduate qualification (PCP-noPG-Qual). Internal consistency reliability was calculated using Kuder Richardson formula-20 (KR-20) and test–retest reliability was tested on 26 PCP using kappa statistics. Results During content validation and adaptation, 10 items remained unchanged, 8 items were modified, 1 item was moved to demography and 7 items were added. The adapted questionnaire consisted of 25 items (11 knowledge, 5 awareness and 9 practice items). A total of 130 out of 1500 PCP (response rate: 8.7%) completed the questionnaire. The mean percentage knowledge score was found to be significantly higher in PCP-PG-Qual compared with PCP-noPG-Qual (53.5, SD ± 13.9 vs. 35.9, SD ± 11.79), t(128) = 6.90, p < 0.001. The median percentage awareness score was found to be significantly higher in PCP-PG-Qual compared with PCP-noPG-Qual (15.4, IqR ± 23.08 vs. 7.7, IqR ± 15.38), p = 0.030. The mean percentage practice score was significantly higher in PCP-PG-Qual compared with PCP-noPG-Qual (69.2, SD ± 17.62 vs. 54.4, SD ± 19.28), t(128) = 3.79, p < 0.001. KR-20 value was 0.79 (moderate reliability) and average Kappa was 0.796 (substantial agreement). Conclusion This study has proven that the 25-item adapted FH KAP questionnaire is valid and reliable. It can be used to measure and establish FH KAP among PCP in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, awareness and practice regarding familial hypercholesterolaemia among primary care physicians in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Baihaqi Azraii ◽  
Anis Safura Ramli ◽  
Zaliha Ismail ◽  
Suraya Abdul-Razak ◽  
Siti Fatimah Badlishah-Sham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Postgraduate Qualification ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Primary care physicians (PCP) play an important role in early detection of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH). However, knowledge, awareness and practice (KAP) regarding FH among Malaysian PCP are not well established, and there was no validated tool to assess their FH KAP. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt an FH KAP questionnaire and to determine its validity and reliability among Malaysian PCP. Methods: This cross-sectional validation study involved PCP with ≥1-year working experience in the Malaysian primary care settings. In Phase 1, the original 19-item FH KAP questionnaire was content validated and adapted by 7 experts. The questionnaire was then converted into an online survey instrument and was face validated by 10 PCP. In Phase 2, the adapted questionnaire was distributed via e-mail to 1500 PCP for self-administration. Data were collected on their KAP, demography, qualification and work experience. The construct validity was tested using known-groups validation method. PCP with postgraduate qualification (PCP-PG-Qual) were hypothesized to have better FH KAP compared with PCP without postgraduate qualification (PCP-noPG-Qual). The internal consistency reliability was tested using Kuder Richardson formula-20 (KR-20) and test-retest reliability was tested on 26 PCP using kappa statistics. Results: During content validation and adaptation, 10 items remained unchanged, 8 items were modified, 1 item was moved to demography and 7 items were added. The adapted questionnaire contained 25 items (11 knowledge, 5 awareness and 9 practice items). A total of 130 out of 1500 PCP (response rate: 8.7%) completed the questionnaire. The mean percentage knowledge score was significantly higher in PCP-PG-Qual compared to PCP-noPG-Qual (53.5, SD±13.9 vs. 35.9, SD±11.79), t(128)=6.90, p<0.001. The median percentage awareness score was significantly higher in PCP-PG-Qual compared to PCP-noPG-Qual (15.4, IqR±23.08 vs. 7.7, IqR±15.38), p=0.030. The mean percentage practice score was significantly higher in PCP-PG-Qual compared to PCP-noPG-Qual (69.2, SD±17.62 vs. 54.4, SD±19.28), t(128)=3.79, p<0.001. The KR-20 was 0.79 (moderate reliability) and average Kappa was 0.796 (substantial agreement). Conclusion: The robust validation methods and findings suggest that the adapted 25-item questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to measure FH KAP among Malaysian PCP. This would aid to improve FH care in the community.

scholarly journals 1289. Knowledge, Attitudes and Barriers of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection Among Resident Physicians in Rural, Eastern North Carolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S394-S394
Author(s):  
Arianne Morrison ◽  
Ciarra Dortche ◽  
Nada Fadul
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Risky Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background North Carolina bears a high burden of HIV and was ranked number 8 for the number of new infections in 2015. In 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published updated practice guidelines recommending the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral dosing of tenofovir/emtricitabine to help prevent HIV infection in high-risk individuals. However, the use of PrEP in the primary care setting remains low and 1 in three primary care physicians is not aware of PrEP. The objective of our study was to evaluate PrEP knowledge among primary care resident physicians. Methods 149 resident physicians were surveyed at East Carolina University from the following specialties; Internal Medicine, Medicine-Pediatrics, Obstetrics Gynecology and Family Medicine. We collected participants’ age, biological sex, current residency program, and current year within the residency program. Results Sixty out 149 residents completed the online survey. 20% of residents had never heard of PrEP. 17% of residents did not feel comfortable discussing sexual preferences with their patients. 15% of residents thought prescribing would increase risky sexual behaviors and 12% would not prescribe PrEP to patients with multiple sexual partners. Only 3% of residents identified potential side effects of PrEP (e.g., an increase in creatinine levels or decrease in mineral bone density) as a reason to not prescribe PrEP. One resident had ever prescribed PrEP. 83% of residents wanted more information on PrEP and 95% of residents would be willing to prescribe PrEP if educational workshops were offered. Conclusion PrEP is an underutilized tool among resident physicians in Eastern, NC. We identified lack of knowledge of PrEP and concern for increased risky sexual behaviors as barriers to prescribing. Resident physicians require more education on PrEP in order to prescribe it to their patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The study on knowledge-attitude-practice of primary care physician toward anticoagulants therapy in Non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients in Shanghai of China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Ye ◽  
Tianhao Wang ◽  
Arthur Liu ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Zhigang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Abstract Background As the large number of CHS centers in China face the majority of NVAF patients, primary care physicians (PCPs) play the primary role in the prevention of embolization. Therefore, an awareness of anticoagulant management in NVAF patients must be brought into focus among PCPs in China. This study will help primary care physicians (PCPs) increase their awareness of oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) to prevent embolization.Method This was a cross-sectional observational study of 462 PCPs in community health service (CHS) centers across Shanghai. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from September to December 2017. A stratified random cluster sampling was adopted in the 90 CHS centers with the family medicine residency program.Result Among 462 participants, 69.3% (320/462) of females with a medical bachelor’s degree and more than 10 years of work experience predominated in the 30 to 49 years of age group. The mean score for “knowledge,” “attitude” and “practices” of OAC therapy in NVAF patients among PCPs was 3.68±2.752, 53.62±7.148, and 37.63±10.336, respectively. The level of knowledge of OAC therapy in NVAF patients among PCPs was insufficient in over half (75.8%) of participants. The majority (89.8%) of PCPs had a positive attitude and 68.0% had modest performance in the anticoagulant management of NVAF patients.Conclusion The knowledge and behaviors of PCPs were insufficient in OAC therapy to prevent embolization in NVAF patients. The study also revealed the positive attitudes of participants, and their desire to learn the latest knowledge of OAC therapy.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of an FFQ for use with adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang K Hong ◽  
Michael J Dibley ◽  
David Sibbritt
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluates the reliability and validity of an FFQ designed for use with adolescents in urban Vietnam.DesignA cohort study was conducted between December 2003 and June 2004. The FFQ was administered three times over a 6-month period (FFQ 1–3) and nutrient intakes were compared to those obtained from four 24 h recalls collected over the same period (24 h recalls 1–4) using crude, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients. The level of agreement between the two measurements was also evaluated with Bland–Altman analysis. The percentage of nutrient intakes classified within one quintile, as well as quadratic-weighted kappa statistics, were calculated.SettingHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam.SubjectsA total of 180 students were recruited in three junior high schools.ResultsCoefficients ranged from 0·22 for retinol to 0·78 for fibre for short-term reliability, and from 0·30 for retinol to 0·81 for zinc for long-term reliability. Coefficients for nutrient intakes between the mean of the three FFQ and mean of four 24 h recalls were mostly around 0·40, but higher for energy-adjusted nutrients. After allowing for within-person variation, the mean coefficient was 0·52 for macronutrients and 0·46 for micronutrients. There were a relatively high proportion of nutrient intakes classified within one quintile and a small number grossly misclassified. Kappa values shows ‘fair’ to ‘good’ agreement for all food/nutrient categories, while the Bland–Altman plots indicated that the FFQ is accurate in assessing nutrient intake at a group level.ConclusionsThis newly developed FFQ is a valid tool for measuring nutrient intake in adolescents in urban Vietnam.

Do Primary Care Physicians Help the Bereaved With Their Suicide Losses: Loss Survivor Perceptions of Helpfulness From Physicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Feigelman ◽  
Rebecca L. Sanford ◽  
Julie Cerel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survivors Of Suicide ◽  
Health Distress ◽  
Mental Health Distress ◽  
Suicide Bereaved

Several previous studies suggested that primary care physicians can provide important bereavement assistance to survivors of suicide, yet no study has investigated whether suicide-bereaved patients perceive their physicians as helpful. Contacting bereavement communities on social media, we collected online survey data from 146 bereaved respondents reporting suicides causing them severe emotional distress. Data analysis suggested that nearly half (48%) of the respondents encountered positive, help-offering responses from physicians, compared to 10% whose responses were deemed as negative. Analysis of our data suggested that loss survivors’ perceptions of a physician’s helping or reproachful responses were associated with differences in grief difficulties and mental health distress.

scholarly journals A study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary care physicians toward anticoagulant therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Ye ◽  
Tianhao Wang ◽  
Arthur Liu ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Zhigang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background:As a large number of Community Health Service (CHS) centers in China face the majority of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), primary care physicians (PCPs) play a primary role in the prevention of embolization. Therefore, an awareness of anticoagulant management in patients with NVAF must be brought into focus among PCPs in China. This study investigated PCPs’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward anticoagulant therapy in patients with NVAF, to help them understand their shortcomings regarding oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy in preventing embolization.Method:This was a cross-sectional observational study of 462 PCPs in CHS centers across Shanghai. We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from September to December 2017. A stratified random cluster sampling was adopted in the 90 CHS centers with the family medicine residency program.Result:Among 462 participants, 69.3% (320/462) of females received a medical bachelor’s degree and over 50% of participants had more than 10 years of work experience. Each section for knowledge, attitude, and practice were categorized as poor (≤39.0%), fair (40.0%–69.0%), and good (≥70.0%). The level of knowledge of OAC therapy for patients with NVAF among PCPs was insufficient in over half (75.8%) of the participants. The majority (89.8%) of PCPs had a positive attitude and 68.0% had modest performance in the anticoagulant management of patients with NVAF.Conclusions: The knowledge and behaviors of PCPs were insufficient for OAC therapy to prevent embolization in patients with NVAF. The study also revealed that there is good potential for PCPs’ educational interventions to positively impact the care of patients with NVAF.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Specialty Choice Among Doctors Who Received Tuition Scholarships

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bich-May Nguyen ◽  
Gregory Bounds
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specialty Choice ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Educational Debt ◽  
Medical School Graduation ◽  
School Graduation

Background and Objectives: The United States is projected to have a shortage of up to 46,000 primary care physicians by 2025. In many cases, medical students appear to select other specialties for financial reasons, including educational debt. Physicians who were part of two BS/MD programs and received full tuition and fee scholarships for college and medical school were surveyed to examine factors that may have impacted their specialty choice. This population of US students was selected because they do not have educational debt, so their choices could be examined independent of this influence. Methods: One hundred forty physicians who graduated from the programs as of June 2013 were invited to complete a 32-question online survey. Descriptive statistics described the population. χ2 tests and nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) tests compared primary care and nonprimary care physicians as well as those initially interested in primary care who changed before medical school graduation versus those who went into primary care. Factor analysis and Student t-test examined trends among Likert scale questions. Results: For the physicians for whom contact information was available, 74 (53%) responded. Out of 74 respondents, 18 (24%) went into primary care. Perceptions of family medicine, comments from faculty, and lifestyle played a role in deterring students from primary care. Conclusions: Full tuition and fee scholarships alone were not associated with more students choosing primary care.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Diabetic Retinopathy among Primary Care Physicians of Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
Abdulmohsen Khaled Almulhim ◽  
Faisal Ahmed Albalawi ◽  
Ziyad Muharib Alruwaili ◽  
Ola Ali Almajed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Primary care physicians play a vital role in preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) from the initial stages to the late stages. This questionnaire-based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and their correlation among 274 randomly selected primary care physicians in Saudi Arabia. Among the studied population, high knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores were observed in 21.5%, 15%, and 29.2% of the physicians, respectively. The mean knowledge score was significantly higher among the age group of less than 30 years (p = 0.031) and the female gender (p = 0.012). The attitude scores were significantly higher among the Saudi physicians (p = 0.027) and those with PHC work experience of less than five years (p < 0.001). Regarding the practices, a significant association was found among the age group of less than 30 years (p = 0.019) and Saudi physicians (p = 0.003). There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.739, p < 0.001) and attitude (r = 0.479, p = 0.007) with the practice scores. It is recommended that targeted continuous medical education, workshops, and seminars are conducted on the prevention and care of DR among primary care physicians. Furthermore, an exploratory multicenter study that involves primary care physicians belonging to all ministries and private sectors is warranted.

scholarly journals Comparison of Enteral Feeding Implementation with Standards in Educational Centers, Selected Therapeutics in Babol University of Medical Sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rezaei ◽  
Mohsen Hosseinzadeh Savadi ◽  
Maedeh Faraji Douki ◽  
Fataneh Sabz Alipour Shiadeh
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Average Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: In patients who are not able to feed the mouth, but the digestive system has the ability to digest food, enteral feeding is used. This method is safe and affordable for the patient, leading to maintaining the function of the digestive system, reducing the risk of infection and sepsis. However, failure to properly implement this type of feeding causes problems such as pneumonia aspiration, infection, diarrhea, blockage of the enteral feeding, and if the above feeding method is implemented in accordance with its standard, it can play a major role in reducing the burden of complications and improving the quality of life, reducing the length of hospitalization, and reducing their costs. Method: This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study. The researchers studied 37 nurses working in general and nervous wards who fed patients with gastrostomy. The checklist that was verified in terms of validity and reliability was used to collect information. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency and mean) and inferential statistics (paired t-test, Spearman correlation coefficient, analysis of variance with repeated observations) were used. Results: The results showed that the mean score of actions in all stages (before, during, after implementation) was significantly lower than standard (p<0.001). There was also a reverse relationship between the score of actions in all three stages (before, during, after implementation) with work experience and duration of work experience in the section. There was also a significant difference between the mean score of actions in all three stages between female and male (p-value -0.331), so that the average score of female was higher than that of male. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean score of the actions in all three stages and the employment status of the samples. The mean score of informal people was higher than the official ones. Conclusion: According to the findings, the mean score of the measures before, during and after the implementation of feeding through gastrostomy was significantly lower than the standard (p<0.001), to enteral  feeding a gynecologist at gastre and intrology, a clinical nurse and a nutritionist should educate patients and their families and personnel about the preparation and storage of food, the administration of food, the care of the entrance of the enteral  and the enteral  feeding, in light of the problems and complications of this type of feeding [1,2]. Based on the findings of the present study, nurses' retraining, especially men nurses, nurses with more work experience and formal nurses in the field of proper nursing clinical skills such as this type of feeding is needed.  

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