scholarly journals Tuberculosis outbreaks among students in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongdan Bao ◽  
Kui Liu ◽  
Zikang Wu ◽  
Xiaomeng Wang ◽  
Chengliang Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Middle Schools ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Index Cases

Abstract Background In recent years, tuberculosis outbreaks in schools have occurred more frequently in China than in other parts of the world, and have posed a public health threat to students and their families. This systematic review aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks and analyze the factors associated with TB outbreaks in schools in China. Methods We conducted this systematic review following the standard procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. The meta-analysis was performed with STATA using a random effects model. Results We included 107 studies involving 1795 student patients with TB in mainland China. The results of the systematic analysis indicated that TB outbreaks were more frequently reported in senior middle schools and in Eastern China. The outbreaks mainly occurred during the winter and spring, and the median outbreak duration was 4 months. The meta-analysis showed that the total attack rate and the class attack rate of tuberculosis outbreaks among students were 4.60% (95% CI 3.80 to 5.70%) and 22.70% (95% CI 19.20 to 27.00%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that outbreaks that occurred at universities or colleges had a relatively higher attack rate than those occurred in senior middle schools. The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among close contacts was 23.70% (95% CI 19.50 to 28.90%). The median case-finding interval was 2 months, and 47.40% of the index cases had a case-finding delay. Conclusion The results of our review indicated that school TB outbreaks were reported most frequently in senior middle schools in China. The attack rates of outbreaks at universities or colleges were higher than those in senior middle schools. The TB outbreaks in schools usually occurred over prolonged periods. The case-finding delay in the index cases must be reduced to prevent transmission in classes and schools. Effective surveillance and screening of presumptive TB cases in schools should be strengthened to reduce outbreaks in schools.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Kai Wei Lee ◽  
Sook Fan Yap ◽  
Yun Fong Ngeow ◽  
Munn Sann Lye
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

COVID-19 is a global health emergency. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have concerns about whether they have a higher risk of getting the infection and suffer worse COVID-19 outcomes. Findings from studies on these questions have largely been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, blood parameters, and clinical outcomes among PLHIV who contracted COVID-19. Relevant studies were identified through Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed databases. A random-effects model was used in meta-analyses with a 95% confidence interval. Eighty-two studies were included in the systematic review and sixty-seven studies for the meta-analysis. The pooled incidence proportion of COVID-19 among PLHIV was 0.9% (95% CI 0.6%, 1.1%) based on the data from seven cohort studies. Overall, 28.4% were hospitalised, of whom, 2.5% was severe-critical cases and 3.5% needed intensive care. The overall mortality rate was 5.3%. Hypertension was the most commonly reported comorbidity (24.0%). Fever (71.1%) was the most common symptom. Chest imaging demonstrated a wide range of abnormal findings encompassing common changes such as ground glass opacities and consolidation as well as a spectrum of less common abnormalities. Laboratory testing of inflammation markers showed that C-reactive protein, ferritin, and interleukin-6 were frequently elevated, albeit to different extents. Clinical features as well as the results of chest imaging and laboratory testing were similar in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated and non-treated patients. PLHIV were not found to be at higher risk for adverse outcomes of COVID-19. Hence, in COVID-19 management, it appears that they can be treated the same way as HIV negative individuals. Nevertheless, as the pandemic situation is rapidly evolving, more evidence may be needed to arrive at definitive recommendations.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Setting-specific Transmission Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley A Thompson ◽  
Andria Mousa ◽  
Amy Dighe ◽  
Han Fu ◽  
Alberto Arnedo-Pena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Symptom Status ◽  
Index Cases

Abstract Background Understanding the drivers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is crucial for control policies, but evidence of transmission rates in different settings remains limited. Methods We conducted a systematic review to estimate secondary attack rates (SARs) and observed reproduction numbers (Robs) in different settings exploring differences by age, symptom status, and duration of exposure. To account for additional study heterogeneity, we employed a beta-binomial model to pool SARs across studies and a negative-binomial model to estimate Robs. Results Households showed the highest transmission rates, with a pooled SAR of 21.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]:17.4–24.8). SARs were significantly higher where the duration of household exposure exceeded 5 days compared with exposure of ≤5 days. SARs related to contacts at social events with family and friends were higher than those for low-risk casual contacts (5.9% vs 1.2%). Estimates of SARs and Robs for asymptomatic index cases were approximately one-seventh, and for presymptomatic two-thirds of those for symptomatic index cases. We found some evidence for reduced transmission potential both from and to individuals younger than 20 years of age in the household context, which is more limited when examining all settings. Conclusions Our results suggest that exposure in settings with familiar contacts increases SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential. Additionally, the differences observed in transmissibility by index case symptom status and duration of exposure have important implications for control strategies, such as contact tracing, testing, and rapid isolation of cases. There were limited data to explore transmission patterns in workplaces, schools, and care homes, highlighting the need for further research in such settings.

scholarly journals Influenza-associated disease burden in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yinzi Chen ◽  
Xiling Wang ◽  
Hongjie Yu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Outpatient Visit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractInfluenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Many original studies have been carried out to estimate disease burden of influenza in mainland China, while the full disease burden has not yet been systematically reviewed. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the burden of influenza-associated mortality, hospitalization, and outpatient visit in mainland China. We searched 3 English and 4 Chinese databases with studies published from 2005 to 2019. Studies reporting population-based rates of mortality, hospitalization, or outpatient visit attributed to seasonal influenza were included in the analysis. Fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates of influenza-associated mortality depending on the degree of heterogeneity. Meta-regression was applied to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger’s test. We identified 30 studies eligible for inclusion with 17, 8, 5 studies reporting mortality, hospitalization, and outpatient visit associated with influenza, respectively. The pooled influenza-associated all-cause mortality rates were 14.33 and 122.79 per 100,000 persons for all ages and ≥ 65 years age groups, respectively. Studies were highly heterogeneous in aspects of age group, cause of death, statistical model, geographic location, and study period, and these factors could explain 60.14% of the heterogeneity in influenza-associated mortality. No significant publication bias existed in estimates of influenza-associated all-cause mortality. Children aged < 5 years were observed with the highest rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations and ILI outpatient visits. People aged ≥ 65 years and < 5 years contribute mostly to mortality and morbidity burden due to influenza, which calls for targeted vaccination policy for older adults and younger children in mainland China.

The prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in mainland China: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yu ◽  
Pengnian Liu ◽  
Guan Liu ◽  
Liping Zhao ◽  
Yanjie Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections

Baduanjin Exercise for Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110593
Author(s):  
Cindy Jones ◽  
Meiling Qi ◽  
Zihui Xie ◽  
Wendy Moyle ◽  
Benjamin Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Older Chinese

This study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the health effects of Baduanjin exercise on adults aged 65 years and older. Chinese and English databases were electronically searched using search terms related to the PICO model from inception through June 2021. The study quality assessment and meta-analysis were conducted using the PEDro scale and RevMan 5.4 software. Eleven included Chinese studies, published between 2015 and 2021, recruited participants from the mainland of China. The aggregated results showed significant benefits of Baduanjin on physical function, walking ability, balance, and anxiety. A long-term Baduanjin intervention could also improve quality of life and reduce falls and pain. Baduanjin appears to have the potential to improve the health of older adults, but conclusions are limited due to the lack of rigorous and robust studies within and outside of mainland China. Larger, well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Causative Species and Serotypes of Shigellosis in Mainland China: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e52515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhili Chang ◽  
Shuting Lu ◽  
Lihong Chen ◽  
Qi Jin ◽  
Jian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Causative Species

scholarly journals Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of coronavirus in the world: One health approach is urgent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Faustino ◽  
Miguel Faria ◽  
Monica Teixeira ◽  
Filipe Palavra ◽  
Maria Do Ceu Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Different Strains

Coronaviruses have been responsible for major epidemic crises in 2003 with SARS-CoV-1, in 2012 with MERS-CoV and in 2019 with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), causing serious atypical pneumonia in humans. We intend, with this systematic analysis and meta-analysis, to clarify the prevalence of the various strains of coronavirus in different animal species. For this purpose, we carried out an electronic survey using Pubmed's Veterinary Science search tool to conduct a systematic assessment of published studies reporting the prevalence of different strains of coronavirus in different animal species between 2015 and 2020. We conducted different analysis to assess sensitivity, publication bias, and heterogeneity, using random and fixed effects. The final meta-analysis included 42 studies for systematic review and 29 in the meta-analysis. For the geographic regions with a prevalence greater than or equal to 0.20 (Forest plot overall; prevalence = 0.20, p < 0.01, Q = 10476.22 and I2 = 100%), the most commonly detected viruses were: enteric coronavirus (ECoV), pigeon-dominant coronavirus, (PdCoV), Avian coronavirus M41, Avian coronavirus C46, Avian coronavirus A99, Avian coronavirus JMK, MERS-CoV, Bovine coronavirus, Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Deltacoronavirus, Gamacoronavirus and human coronaviruses (HCoVs). The wide presence of different strains of coronavirus in different animal species on all continents demonstrates the great biodiversity and ubiquity of these viruses. The most recent epidemiological crises caused by coronavirus demonstrates our unpreparedness to anticipate and mitigate emerging risks, as well as the need to implement new epidemiological surveillance programs for viruses. Combined with the need to create advanced training courses in One Health, this is paramount in order to ensure greater effectiveness in fighting the next pandemics.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the school setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Martinoli ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
Sara Raimondi ◽  
Federica Bellerba ◽  
Clementina Sasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Index Cases

Background. The contribution of children to viral spread in schools is still under debate. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school setting. Methods: Literature searches from April, 2021 and repeated on May, 15th 2021 yielded a total of 1088 publications: screening, contact tracing and seroprevalence studies. MOOSE guidelines were followed and data analyzed using random-effects models. Results: From screening studies involving more than 120,000 subjects, we estimated 0.31% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.05-0.81%) SARS-CoV-2 point prevalence in schools. Contact tracing studies, involving a total of 112,622 contacts of children and adults, showed that onward viral transmission was limited (2.54%; 95%CI 0.76-5.31). Young index cases were found to be 74% significantly less likely than adults to favor viral spread (Odds Ratio [OR]=0.26; 95%CI 0.11-0.63) and were less susceptible to infection (OR=0.60; 95% CI 0.25-1.47). Finally, from seroprevalence studies, with a total of 17,879 subjects involved, we estimated that children are 43% significantly less likely than adults to test positive for antibodies (OR=0.57; 95%CI: 0.49-0.68). In conclusion, testing all subjects in schools, independently of symptoms, students less likely than adults favor viral spread and SARS-CoV-2 circulation in schools was found to be limited.

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