scholarly journals Vaccine completion and infectious diseases screening in a cohort of adult refugees following resettlement in the U.S.: 2013–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir M. Mohareb ◽  
Bryan Brown ◽  
Kevin S. Ikuta ◽  
Emily P. Hyle ◽  
Aniyizhai Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Vaccine Completion ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Refugees are frequently not immune to vaccine-preventable infections. Adherence to consensus guidelines on vaccination and infectious diseases screening among refugees resettling in the U.S. is unknown. We sought to determine rates of vaccine completion and infectious diseases screening in refugees following resettlement. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of refugees resettling in a region in the U.S. using medical data from June 2013–April 2015. We determined the proportion of vaccine-eligible refugees vaccinated with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), hepatitis A/B, tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap), and human papillomavirus (HPV) following resettlement. We also determined the proportion of refugees who completed HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) screening. Results One hundred and eleven subjects were included, primarily from Iraq (53%), Afghanistan (19%), and Eritrea (11%). Of the 84 subjects who were vaccine-eligible, 78 (93%) initiated and 42 (50%) completed vaccinations within one year of resettlement. Odds of completing vaccination were higher for men (OR: 2.38; 95%CI:1.02–5.71) and for subjects with English proficiency (OR: 3.70; 95%CI:1.04–17.49). Of the 78 subjects (70%) completing HIV screening, two (3%) were diagnosed with HIV. Nearly all subjects completed screening for HCV, and one had active infection. Conclusion While most refugees initiate vaccinations, only 50% completed vaccinations and 70% completed HIV screening within 1 year of resettlement. There is a need to emphasize vaccine completion and HIV screening in refugee patients following resettlement.

scholarly journals 904. Improving Infectious Disease Screening and Hepatitis C Care Cascade Outcomes Among Adults Receiving Medication Assisted Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S543-S544
Author(s):  
Sarah Hoehnen ◽  
Audra B Blood ◽  
Rachel Austermiller
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Hcv Treatment ◽  
Medication Assisted Treatment ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Hcv Screening ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background This initiative increased infectious disease (ID) screening in an adult medication assisted treatment (MAT) population at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) by implementing opt-out screening for HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and assessed the success of a co-located hepatitis C (HCV) treatment program. Methods ID providers maintained a standing lab order for HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HCV, syphilis, chlamydia/gonorrhea (GC/CT), and trichomoniasis (trich), with reflex to confirmatory for HIV/HCV/syphilis. For all existing and new adult MAT patients, a MAT RN provided education, ensured lab draw on the day of MAT induction, and scheduled an ID follow-up visit. The patient then had an in-person or telemedicine visit with the ID provider to review results, discuss risk reduction, and initiate treatment (HIV PrEP or treatment for STI, HCV, or HIV) as indicated. Data was compiled and monitored by a Prevention RN. Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) Model PDSA model demonstrating implementation approach Results The rate of testing among MAT patients increased over a one-year period. HCV treatment uptake in this setting exceeded that documented in published data for people who inject drugs (PWID). HCV Care Cascade Outcomes HCV screening and treatment outcomes within HCV Care Cascade model Screening Outcomes Screening rates among adult MAT population over a one-year measurement period Conclusion This study documents the successful implementation of an opt-out screening program among an adult substance use disorder (SUD) treatment population across urban, mixed, and designated rural environments. HCV treatment uptake in this setting exceeded that documented in published data for people who inject drugs (PWID). Barriers to implementation included acceptance among patients with long-term MAT participation, acceptance/adoption by behavioral health nursing and provider staff, and functional workflow development – establishment of protocol, lab availability, scheduling, and “tough sticks.” Modifications that increased effectiveness included an interdisciplinary approach and dedicated staff for monitoring results completion and patient outreach. Run chart: HIV screening rates over a one-year period HIV screening change among adult MAT patients over a one-year period Run chart: HCV screening rates over a one-year period HCV screening change among adult MAT patients over a one-year period HCV Care Cascade: HCV screening and treatment outcomes HCV screening and treatment outcomes presented in HCV Care Cascade for adult MAT population Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Obtaining Secondary Treatment with RBC/Underflow Clarifiers

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 429-442
Author(s):  
I L Bogert
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactors ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

A one-year experimental program conducted at Edgewater, New Jersey, U.S.A. evaluated the concept of providing secondary treatment by the installation of rotating biological contactors (RBC's) in modified primary sedimentation tanks. A primary tank was divided horizontally into two zones separated by an intermediate floor. Four RBC's were placed in the upper zone. The lower zone provided secondary sedimentation. High rate primary sedimentation was provided to remove grit and trash without removing substantial portions of BOD and SS. The experimental program funded by the U.S. EPA and the Borough of Edgewater was conducted over a full year at different loads. The system proved to be an effective secondary treatment process with little difference in treatment efficiency between summer and winter conditions.

scholarly journals 1061. False Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Due to Acute Hepatitis A Infection: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S559-S559
Author(s):  
Maria V Bandres ◽  
Daniel Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background In our urban, underserved patient population, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is hyper-endemic, and HIV screening is frequently performed. Although HIV screening tests have high specificity, false positives can occur. Numerous reasons for false positive testing have been cited, including vaccinations, autoimmune diseases, and viral infections. In 2019, Philadelphia experienced a large Hepatitis A outbreak, during which time false positive HIV screening tests were discovered. Our aim was to further describe these patients who had been diagnosed with acute Hepatitis A infection and in whom false positive HIV testing had occurred. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to our hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 who had a positive Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM. Demographics, HIV tests, viral hepatitis tests, and liver tests were recorded. False positive HIV was defined as a positive HIV screen (p24 antigen and HIV-1 and 2 antibody combo), followed by a negative differentiation assay for HIV-1 and 2 antibodies, combined with a negative HIV PCR. Results A total of 156 unique patients were found to have acute HAV, with 138 cases identified in 2019. Of these, 3 patients had confirmed false positive HIV testing, and 1 patient had suspected false positive HIV testing (HIV-2 differentiation assay indeterminate, with very low local prevalence of HIV-2), for a false positive test rate of 2.6% (4/156). Ages ranged from 36-47 years, 3 were male, and 2 were persons who injected drugs (PWID). Three patients had prior negative HIV testing. Two patients had fevers during admission, but none of the four were febrile at the time of HIV test collection. Three patients had elevated transaminases, and two had abnormal coagulation testing. Coinfection with Hepatitis C was found in three patients. One patient had follow-up HIV testing performed, which was negative. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of false positive HIV testing related to acute HAV. Prevalence of false positives was low, but awareness can facilitate patient counseling. With low sample size, conclusions cannot be drawn about risk factors related to false positive testing. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals One-year outcomes of the U.S. and Japanese regulatory trial of the Misago stent for treatment of superficial femoral artery disease (OSPREY study)

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Ohki ◽  
John F. Angle ◽  
Hiroyoshi Yokoi ◽  
Michael R. Jaff ◽  
Jeffrey Popma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Superficial Femoral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals A Case of Malaria Predisposing to Salmonella Bacteremia in a Returning Traveler from Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Robert Jakubowski ◽  
Lisa L. Steed ◽  
Susan E. Dorman ◽  
Camelia Marculescu
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Antigen Testing ◽  
The U.S

We describe a febrile adult returning to the U.S. from Nigeria. Malaria was diagnosed by rapid antigen testing, but recognition of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease was delayed. While the moniker, “typhomalaria,” once used to describe an illness with features of malaria and typhoid fever, has fallen out of favor, it may nevertheless be a helpful reminder to clinicians that both infectious diseases can arise in the same patient. Blood cultures should be obtained routinely in febrile returning travelers from malaria-endemic regions, including those in whom the diagnosis of malaria has already been established.

scholarly journals GIS-BASED INFECTIOUS DISEASE DATA MANAGEMENT ON A CITY SCALE, CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1463-1467
Author(s):  
I. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. Panidi ◽  
A. Kolesnikov ◽  
P. Kikin ◽  
V. Korovka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Availability Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract. Medical geography and medical cartography can be denoted as classical application domains for Geographical Information Systems (GISs). GISs can be applied to retrospective analysis (e.g., human population health analysis, medical infrastructure development and availability assessment, etc.), and to operative disaster detection and management (e.g., monitoring of epidemics development and infectious diseases spread). Nevertheless, GISs still not a daily-used instrument of medical administrations, especially on the city and municipality scales. In different regions of the world situation varies, however in general case GIS-based medical data accounting and management is the object of interest for researchers and national administrations operated on global and national scales. Our study is focused onto the investigation and design of the methodology and software prototype for GIS-based support of medical administration and planning on a city scale when accounting and controlling infectious diseases. The study area is the administrative territory of the St. Petersburg (Russia). The study is based upon the medical statistics data and data collection system of the St. Petersburg city. All the medical data used in the study are impersonalized accordingly to the Russian laws.

scholarly journals Six years surveillance of hepatitis A and B in general practice in France

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Flahault ◽  
P Maison ◽  
N Farran ◽  
V Massari
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

The French sentinel network is composed of general practitioners who record on an ongoing basis cases of seven infectious diseases (i.e. influenza-like illness, acute diarrhoea, chickenpox, mumps, measles, male urethritis, and acute hepatitis of probable

scholarly journals Social Media Use and HIV Screening Uptake Among Deaf Adults in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Argenyi ◽  
Poorna Kushalnagar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
The Past ◽  
Deaf Adults ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND About 46% of US adults obtain recommended HIV screening at least once during their lifetime. There is little knowledge of screening rates among deaf and hard-of-hearing adults who primarily use American Sign Language (ASL), or of social media as a potentially efficacious route for HIV prevention outreach, despite lower HIV/AIDS-specific health literacy and potentially higher HIV seropositivity rates than hearing peers. OBJECTIVE We investigated both the likelihood of HIV screening uptake among deaf adults in the past year and over one year ago, and the relationship between social media use and HIV screening uptake among deaf adult ASL users. METHODS The Health Information National Trends Survey in ASL was administered to 1340 deaf US adults between 2015-2018. Modified Poisson with robust standard errors was used to assess the relationship between social media usage as a predictor and HIV screening as an outcome (screened more than one year ago, screened within the past year, and never been screened), after adjusting for sociodemographics and sexually transmitted disease (STD) covariates. RESULTS The estimated lifetime prevalence of HIV screening uptake among our sample was 54% (719/1340), with 32% (429/1340) in the past year. Being of younger age, male gender, black, lesbian, gay, bisexual, or queer, or having some college education or a prior STD were associated with HIV screening uptake. Adjusting for correlates, social media use was significantly associated with HIV screening in the past year, compared to either lifetime or never. CONCLUSIONS Screening falls well short of universal screening targets, with gaps among heterosexual, female, Caucasian, or older deaf adults. HIV screening outreach may not be effective because of technological or linguistic inaccessibility, rendering ASL users an underrecognized minority group. However, social media is still a powerful tool, particularly among younger deaf adults at risk for HIV.

Not Imprisonment in a Legal Sense

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Lytle Hernández
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Immigrant Detention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The U.S

The third chapter is a western tale of national and global import. That tale, which sutures the split between the history of incarceration within the United States and the history of deportation from the United States, swirls around the passage of the 1892 Geary Act, a federal law that required all Chinese laborers in the United States to prove their legal residence and register with the federal government or be subject to up to one year of imprisonment at hard labor and, then, deportation. Chinese immigrants rebelled against the new law, refusing to be locked out, kicked out, or singled out for imprisonment. Launching the first mass civil disobedience campaign for immigrant rights in the history of the United States, Chinese immigrants forced the U.S. Supreme Court to issue a set of sweeping and enduring decisions regarding the future of U.S. immigration control. Buried in those decisions, which cut through Los Angeles during the summer of 1893, lay the invention of immigrant detention as a nonpunitive form of caging noncitizens within the United States. It was then an obscure and contested practice of indisputably racist origins. It is now one of the most dynamic sectors of the U.S. carceral landscape.

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