scholarly journals The differential presence of human polyomaviruses, JCPyV and BKPyV, in prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy tissues

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghuang Shen ◽  
Chunliang Tung ◽  
Chunnun Chao ◽  
Yeongchin Jou ◽  
Shupei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Benign Prostate Hypertrophy ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Benign Prostate

Abstract Background Studies have shown that human polyomavirus infection may be associated with various human cancers. We investigated the potential relationship between the prevalence of JCPyVor BKPyV and prostate cancer (PC) in patients from Taiwan. Methods Patients with PC and benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH; 76 and 30 patients, respectively) were recruited for this study. Paraffin-embedded tissues and clinical information of the patients were obtained. The tissue sections were used for viral DNA detection and immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for examining viral large T (LT) and VP1 proteins. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the clinical characteristics of the patients and the risk of JCPyV/BKPyV infection. Results The prevalence of JCPyV/BKPyV DNA was different in PC and BPH tissues (27/76 [35.52%] and 2/30 [6.7%], respectively, p = 0.003)]. The LT and VP1 proteins were detected in 27 (35.52%) and 29 PC (38.2%) specimens, respectively, but neither protein was detected in BPH samples (p < 0.001). PC cells were more susceptible to JCPyV infection than BPH tissues [odds ratio (OR) 7.71, 95% CI: 1.71–34.09, p = 0.003). Patients with PC showing high levels of prostate-specific antigen and high Gleason scores were associated with a high risk of viral infection (ORs 1.1, 95% CI 1.000–1.003; p = 0.045 and ORs 6.18, 95% CI 1.26–30.33, p = 0.025, respectively). The expression of LT protein associated with the risk of PC increased 2923.39-fold (95% CI 51.19–166,963.62, p < 0.001). Conclusions The findings indicate that JCPyV infection in PC cells may be associated with prostate cancer progression and prognosis. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Association of Caveolin-1 Expression With Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Chen ◽  
Yu-ling Zhang ◽  
Bai Xue ◽  
Guo-ying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Clinicopathological Feature ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe prognostic value of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer remains uncertain. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of caveolin-1 in prostate cancer, as well as ascertain the relationship between caveolin-1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer patients.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biology Medicine databases were electronically searched to retrieve published studies on caveolin-1 expression in prostate cancer. After study selection and data extraction, the meta-analysis was conducted using Review manager 5.3 software. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the pooled effect. Funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.ResultsA total of ten studies were enrolled, which included 3976 cases of prostate cancer, 72 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and 157 normal controls. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the positive rate of caveolin-1 expression in prostate cancer was 18.28 times higher than that in normal control (OR= 18.28, 95% CI: 9.02–37.04, p&lt;0.01), and 4.73 times higher than that in HGPIN (OR= 4.73, 95% CI: 2.38–9.42, p&lt;0.01). The relationship between caveolin-1 and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer showed that the differences in caveolin-1 expression in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) &gt;10 vs. ≤ 10 (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.35–3.22, p&lt;0.01), differentiation degree low vs. medium/high (OR=2.74, 95% CI: 1.84–4.08, p&lt;0.01), TNM stage T3+T4 vs. T1+T2 (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.78–4.29, p&lt;0.01), and lymph node metastasis present vs. absent (OR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.84–3.69, p&lt;0.01) were statistically significant. The correlation analysis between caveolin-1 and the survival time of patients with prostate cancer demonstrated that caveolin-1 was closely related to the prognosis of prostate cancer patients (HR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.28–1.76, p&lt;0.01).ConclusionCaveolin-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer, which can serve as a risk factor and adverse clinicopathological feature of prostate cancer. Caveolin-1 can also predict poor survival in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy.

scholarly journals The role of the androgen receptor as a driver and mitigator of cellular stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. R19-R33
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Doultsinos ◽  
Ian Mills
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Mtor Activity

Prostate cancer is a high-incidence male cancer, which is dependent on the activity of a nuclear hormone receptor, the androgen receptor (AR). Since the AR is required for both normal prostate gland development and for prostate cancer progression, it is possible that prostate cancer evolves from perturbations in AR-dependent biological processes that sustain specialist glandular functions. The archetypal example of course is the use of prostate specific antigen (PSA), an organ-type specific component of the normal prostate secretome, as a biomarker of prostate cancer. Furthermore, localised prostate cancer is characterised by a low proliferative index and a heterogenous array of somatic mutations aligned to a multifocal disease pattern. We and others have identified a number of biological processes that are AR dependent and represent aberrations in significant glandular processes. Glands are characterised by high rates of metabolic activity including protein synthesis supported by co-dependent processes such as glycosylation, organelle biogenesis and vesicle trafficking. Impairments in anabolic metabolism and in protein folding/processing will inevitably impose proteotoxic and oxidative stress on glandular cells and, in particular, luminal epithelial cells for which secretion is their primary function. As cancer develops there is also significant metabolic dysregulation including impaired negative feedback effects on glycolytic and anabolic activity under conditions of hypoxia and heightened protein synthesis due to dysregulated PI 3-kinase/mTOR activity. In this review we will focus on the components of the AR regulome that support cancer development as well as glandular functions focussing on the unfolded protein response and on regulators of mTOR activity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urinary Prostate-Specific Antigen Glycoforms in Samples of Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Jen Hsiao ◽  
Tzong-Shin Tzai ◽  
Chein-Hung Chen ◽  
Wen-Horng Yang ◽  
Chung-Hsuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Ion Accumulation ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Benign Prostate

Glycans of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer were found to be different from that in benign disease. It is difficult to analyze heterogeneous PSA glycoforms in each individual specimen because of low protein abundance and the limitation of detection sensitivity. We developed a method for prostate cancer diagnosis based on PSA glycoforms. Specific glycoforms were screened in each clinical sample based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with ion accumulation. To look for potential biomarkers, normalized abundance of each glycoform in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and in prostate cancer was evaluated. The PSA glycoform, Hex5HexNAc4NeuAc1dHex1, and monosialylated, sialylated, and unfucosylated glycoforms differed significantly between the prostate cancer and BPH samples. The detection sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (60%) for prostate cancer identification are higher than those of the serum PSA marker. As low as 100 amol PSA could be detected with the ion accumulation method which has not been reported before. The improved detection specificity can help reduce unnecessary examinations.

scholarly journals Serum and Saliva Concentrations of Biochemical Parameters in Men with Prostate Cancer and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Hyder Farahani ◽  
Mona Alaee ◽  
Jamal Amri ◽  
Mahmoud-Reza Baghinia ◽  
Mohammad Rafiee
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objectives To find suitable biomarkers for diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) in serum and saliva; also, to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of saliva in patients with PC. Methods This case-control study included 20 patients with PC and 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Blood and saliva were collected from the participants and centrifuged. Serum and supernatant saliva were used for biochemical analysis. We evaluated serum and salivary levels of urea, creatinine, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), creatine kinase BB (CK-BB), zinc, β-2 microglobulin (B2M), and melatonin. Also, we used Mann-Whitney U testing, Spearman correlation coefficients, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the data. Results Serum and salivary concentrations of urea, creatinine, PSA, CK-BB, zinc, and B2M were significantly higher in patients with PC, compared with the BPH group (P &lt;.05). However, serum and salivary concentrations of melatonin were significantly lower in patients with PC, compared with BPH group (P &lt;.05). In both groups, salivary concentrations of all markers were lower (P &lt;.05), compared with those values in serum. We observed positive correlation between serum and salivary concentrations of all markers studied (P &lt;.05). Conclusion From the data, we conclude that investigation using saliva specimens is a noninvasive, simple, and effective tool for screening of biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Role of a novel race-related tumor suppressor microRNA located in frequently deleted chromosomal locus 8p21 in prostate cancer progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Bhagirath ◽  
Thao Ly Yang ◽  
Z Laura Tabatabai ◽  
Varahram Shahryari ◽  
Shahana Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Microrna Genes

Abstract The prostate cancer (PCa) genome is characterized by deletions of chromosome 8p21–22 region that increase significantly with tumor grade and are associated with poor prognosis. We proposed and validated a novel, paradigm-shifting hypothesis that this region is associated with a set of microRNA genes—miR-3622, miR-3622b, miR-383—that are lost in PCa and play important mechanistic roles in PCa progression and metastasis. Extending our hypothesis, in this study, we evaluated the role of a microRNA gene located in chromosome 8p—miR-4288—by employing clinical samples and cell lines. Our data suggests that (i) miR-4288 is widely downregulated in primary prostate tumors and cell lines; (ii) miR-4288 expression is lost in metastatic castration-resistant PCa; (ii) miR-4288 downregulation is race-related PCa alteration that is prevalent in Caucasian patients and not in African Americans; (iii) in Caucasians, miR-4288 was found to be associated with increasing tumor grade and high serum prostate-specific antigen, suggesting that miR-4288 downregulation/loss may be associated with tumor progression specifically in Caucasians; (iv) miR-4288 possess significant potential as a molecular biomarker to predict aggressiveness/metastasis; and (v) miR-4288 is anti-proliferative, is anti-invasive and inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (vi) miR-4288 directly represses expression of metastasis/invasion-associated genes MMP16 and ROCK1. Thus, the present study demonstrates a tumor suppressor role for a novel miRNA located with a frequently lost region in PCa, strengthening our hypothesis that this locus is causally related to PCa disease progression via loss of microRNA genes. Our study suggests that miR-4288 may be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target, particularly in Caucasians.

scholarly journals Benign Prostate-specific Antigen (BPSA) in Serum Is Increased in Benign Prostate Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J Linton ◽  
Leonard S Marks ◽  
Lisa S Millar ◽  
Christine L Knott ◽  
Harry G Rittenhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Free Psa ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Benign Prostate

Abstract Background: BPSA is a “benign” form of free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) that is increased in prostate transition zone tissues of men with pathologic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We developed an immunoassay to determine the concentration of BPSA in the serum of men with BPH. Methods: The BPSA antigen was purified by HPLC, and murine monoclonal antibodies were prepared by standard methods. A fluorogenic ELISA was developed with high specificity for BPSA and no cross-reactivity with other forms of PSA. Results: The BPSA immunoassay had a lower limit of detection of 6 ng/L and a cross-reactivity of &lt;1% with all other clipped and nonclipped forms of PSA. The BPSA antibody was specific for the internal Lys182 cleavage site that characterizes BPSA. Biopsy-negative men with a median total PSA of 4.8 μg/L had a median of 0.22 μg/L BPSA, representing 25% of the free PSA in serum. BPSA ranged from 0% to 60% of the free PSA in serum. BPSA in a cohort of cancer serum also comprised 25% of the free PSA. Control serum from women or men without increased PSA had nondetectable BPSA. Conclusions: BPSA is a significant percentage of the free PSA in BPH serum but not in control serum. The presence of prostate cancer does not alter the relative proportions of BPSA in sera with &lt;10 μg/L PSA. BPSA has a wide distribution of concentrations in the serum and may provide clinical information for the study of men with BPH.

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