scholarly journals Tick-borne encephalitis related uveitis: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafsika Voulgari ◽  
Claire-May Blanc ◽  
Vanessa Guido ◽  
Daniele C. Rossi ◽  
Yan Guex-Crosier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erythema Migrans ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
New Association ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the TBE virus (TBEV), which is usually transmitted by a tick-bite, with increasing incidence in northeastern Europe and eastern Asia during the past decade. Ocular involvement has not been described in the literature to date. Case presentation A 58-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with occipital headaches and poor balance for 5 days. He reported a tick-bite 6 weeks before without erythema migrans followed by a flu-like syndrome. Serological testing was negative for Borreliosis and TBEV. At presentation, he was febrile with neck stiffness and signs of ataxia. Three days later, he presented unilateral visual loss in his right eye. Examination revealed non granulomatous anterior uveitis, vitreous inflammation, and retinal haemorrhages at the posterior pole without macular oedema or papillitis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cerebrospinal fluid returned negative for all Herpes family viruses. No clinical evidence of other infection nor malignancy was identified. A seroconversion of the TBEV- immunoglobulin titres was observed 2 weeks later while the serum antibodies for Borrelia were still not detected. Magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable. We concluded to the diagnosis of TBE-related uveitis. Under supportive treatment, there was complete resolution of the neurological symptoms and the intraocular inflammation without sequelae within the following weeks. Conclusions We describe a new association of TBEV with uveitis. In view of the growing number of TBE cases and the potential severity of the disease we aim at heightening awareness to achieve prompt recognition, prevention, and treatment.

scholarly journals Study Distribute Pathogens of Tick-Borne Infections, Transmitted of Ticks in the South of the Far East

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
G. N. Leonova ◽  
E. I. Bondarenko ◽  
A. A. Khvorostyanko ◽  
A. V. Kurlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Far East ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Southern Far East

The first time was identified by PCR in real time in Ixodes ticks and leukocyte blood fractions of persons tested after a tick bite, the existence of a number of pathogens of tick-borne infections (B. burgdorferi s.l., B. miyamotoi, A. phagocytophilum, E. chaffeensis/E. muris, tick-borne encephalitis virus) on two focal areas adjacent to Vladivostok. The infection of I. persulcatus B. burgdorferi s.l. reached 31%, and for the first time identified B. miyamotoi, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia - 4%. Detection of RNA of TBE virus in 2 cases in epidemiological season in 2014, indicating a low potential epizootological natural focuses of TBE in the southern Far East.

scholarly journals Modern Problems of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Specific Prevention Communication I: Vaccinal Prevention in Area with Siberian Virus Subtype Domination

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Pogodina ◽  
M. S. Shcherbinina ◽  
S. G. Gerasimov ◽  
N. M. Kolyasnikova
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Siberian Subtype ◽  
Virus Subtype

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease mainly affecting the central nervous system, serious medical and social problem in Russia and many European countries. TBE virus (TBEV) genetically divided into three major subtypes: the Far Eastern, European and Siberian. Siberian subtype of TBEV dominates in most part of Russia outside of the Far East. Modern cultural inactivated vaccine of domestic and foreign production prepared from the strains of the Far Eastern and European subtypes. In a review of the literature and our own researches are shown: the dominance of Siberian subtype (TBE) and data of vaccine-prevention. The importance of genetic differences between the Siberian subtype strains and vaccines strains are analyzed as well new approaches of the test strain selection.

CHAPTER 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

TBE in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Central European ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
European Subtype

Even though tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been a notifiable disease in Croatia since 2007, there are no or only limited data available on the occurring tick species in the endemic areas, on the prevalence of TBE virus (TBEV) in ticks, its distribution in Croatia, and its genetic characteristics. Reporting of human cases also is very scarce. The Central European subtype of virus (TBEV-EU) appears to be present in Croatia

TBE in Moldova

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Erber ◽  
Tamara Vuković Janković
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Data ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus

Although there are no reliable data on the number of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases or the percentage of infected ticks, based on the geography and the presence of TBE virus (TBEV) in all neighboring countries, it must be assumed that TBEV is present anywhere in Moldova.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of Possible Factors Associated with Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Ksenia Tuchynskaya ◽  
Viktor Volok ◽  
Victoria Illarionova ◽  
Egor Okhezin ◽  
Alexandra Polienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
The Brain

Currently the only effective measure against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is vaccination. Despite the high efficacy of approved vaccines against TBE, rare cases of vaccine failures are well documented. Both host- and virus-related factors can account for such failures. In this work, we studied the influence of mouse strain and sex and the effects of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression on the efficacy of an inactivated TBE vaccine. We also investigated how an increased proportion of non-infectious particles in the challenge TBE virus would affect the protectivity of the vaccine. The vaccine efficacy was assessed by mortality, morbidity, levels of viral RNA in the brain of surviving mice, and neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the vaccine strain and the challenge virus. Two-dose vaccination protected most animals against TBE symptoms and death, and protectivity depended on strain and sex of mice. Immunosuppression decreased the vaccine efficacy in a dose-dependent manner and changed the vaccine-induced NAb spectrum. The vaccination protected mice against TBE virus neuroinvasion and persistence. However, viral RNA was detected in the brain of some asymptomatic animals at 21 and 42 dpi. Challenge with TBE virus enriched with non-infectious particles led to lower NAb titers in vaccinated mice after the challenge but did not affect the protective efficacy.

scholarly journals The shifting landscape of tick-borne zoonoses: tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1411) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
The Baltic

The two major vector-borne diseases of northern temperate regions, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB), show very different epidemiological patterns, but both have increased significantly in incidence since the 1980s. Insight into the temporal dynamics of TBE, gained from statistical analysis of spatial patterns integrated with biological explanation, suggests that the recent increases in TBE cases in Central Europe and the Baltic States may have arisen largely from changes in human behaviour that have brought more people into contact with infected ticks. Under forecast climate change scenarios, it is predicted that enzootic cycles of TBE virus may not survive along the southern edge of their present range, e.g. in Slovenia, Croatia and Hungary, where case numbers are indeed decreasing. New foci, however, are predicted and have been observed in Scandinavia. At the same time, human impact on the landscape, increasing both the habitat and wildlife hosts of ticks, has allowed tick populations to multiply significantly. This probably accounts for a genuine emergence of LB, with its high potential transmission rate, in both the USA and Europe, although the rate of emergence has been exaggerated by improved surveillance and diagnosis.

Chapter 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gredmark-Russ ◽  
Renata Varnaite
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

scholarly journals Tick populations from endemic and non-endemic areas in Germany show differential susceptibility to TBEV

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Liebig ◽  
Mathias Boelke ◽  
Domenic Grund ◽  
Sabine Schicht ◽  
Andrea Springer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
In Vitro Feeding ◽  
Tbev Infection

Abstract Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is endemic in twenty-seven European countries, transmitted via the bite of an infected tick. TBEV is the causative agent of one of the most important viral diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). In Germany, 890 human cases were registered between the years 2018–2019. The castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus, is the TBEV vector with the highest importance in Central Europe, including Germany. Despite the nationwide distribution of this tick species, risk areas of TBEV are largely located in Southern Germany. To increase our understanding of TBEV-tick interactions, we collected ticks from different areas within Germany (Haselmühl/Bavaria, Hanover/Lower Saxony) and infected them via an in vitro feeding system. A TBEV isolate was obtained from an endemic focus in Haselmühl. In two experimental series conducted in 2018 and 2019, ticks sampled in Haselmühl (TBEV focus) showed higher artificial feeding rates, as well as higher TBEV infections rates than ticks from the non-endemic area (Hanover). Other than the tick origin, year and month of the infection experiment as well as co-infection with Borrelia spp., had a significant impact on TBEV Haselmühl infection rates. Taken together, these findings suggest that a specific adaptation of the tick populations to their respective TBEV virus isolates or vice versa, leads to higher TBEV infection rates in those ticks. Furthermore, co-infection with other tick-borne pathogens such as Borrelia spp. can lower TBEV infection rates in specific populations.

scholarly journals A CASE OF DISSEMINATED TUBERCULOSIS WITH OCULAR INVOLVEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 094-096
Author(s):  
Md Fekarul Islam ◽  
Devdeep Mukherjee ◽  
Ritabrata Kundu ◽  
Prabal Chandra Niyogi ◽  
Joydeep Das
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Disseminated Tuberculosis ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Immunocompromised State ◽  
Ocular Tb ◽  
Posterior Synechiae

AbstractDisseminated Tuberculosis (DTB) refers to tubercular involvement of two or more non-contiguous sites and is commonly associated with immunocompromised state. It is an unusual presentation of Tuberculosis (TB), especially in the absence of immunodeficiency. 1.4% of patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) develop ocular manifestations but many patients with ocular TB have no evidence of PTB. Tuberculosis can cause a wide variety of ophthalmic findings, ranging from the ocular surface through the optic nerve and to the central nervous system. In this article, we report a case of Disseminated Tuberculosis with ocular involvement in a 5years old female. Our case is unique for the presence of bilateral squint, unilateral nebular type of corneal opacity, bilateral iritis with posterior synechiae and cataract at the same time. It lays emphasis on the fact that a patient with tuberculosis should be screened for multiple foci.

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