scholarly journals Understanding risks of refractive error among Chinese children amidst pandemic disruptions: results from a rapid survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Liu ◽  
Qiaoyi Chen ◽  
Jingxia Dang
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Vision Development ◽  
Vision Condition ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
Screen Use

Abstract Background Despite effectiveness in delaying the spread of the pandemic, frequent and extended disruption to children’s livelihoods have fomented new norms in which learning routines encounter immense change. In particular, increased sedentary e-learning engagement with electronic screens and exposure to stressful circumstances are likely to pose adverse risks for children’s vision development. Methods This present study examines the link between near-sighted refractive error, and sedentary exposure to electronic screens, psychosocial stress level, and outdoor activities. A Rapid Survey Methodology (RSM) design was utilized to collect information on subject’s vision condition, sedentary electronic screen use, and level of psychosocial stress, in addition to detailed socio-demographic background characteristics. Results This study involves 2234 subjects enrolled in 1st to 6th grade in primary schools. Every 1 diopter hour increase in electronic screen use per day is associated with 1.036 OR (95% CI =1.024–1.047, p-value< 0.050), while every 1 h • W m− 2 sr− 1 of illuminance-weighted electronic screen use per day is associated with 2.285 OR (95% CI =1.829–2.855, p-value< 0.050) increased likelihood of near-sighted refractive error. Higher level of psychosocial stress is associated with 2.441 OR (95% CI =1.870–3.187, p-value< 0.050) and 2.403 OR (95% CI =1.839–3.141, p-value< 0.050) increased likelihood of near-sighted refractive error. Frequency of outdoor activity is not significantly associated with increased likelihood of near-sighted refractive error (p-value> 0.050). Conclusions Findings in this study show that many factors, including grade level and prior vision condition, contribute to increased risks of near-sighted refractive error during the COVID-19 pandemic. More strikingly, pandemic-related behavioral modifications such as lengthy sedentary electronic screen use and elevated levels of psychosocial stress are two critical channels affecting children’s eye health.

scholarly journals The Physical and administrative obstacles to the use of teachers in basic and secondary education in Karak governorate for e-learning: المعوقات المادية والإدارية لاستخدام المعلمات بمرحلة التعليم الأساسية والثانوية في محافظة الكرك للتعلم الإلكتروني من وجهة نظرهن

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowaydah Faiq Hammad Al-Dmour
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Administrative Obstacles

The study aimed at uncovering the physical and administrative obstacles faced by female teachers in their use of e-learning in the basic and secondary education stages in the governorate of Karak. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive method. The study tool consisted of a questionnaire that was distributed to a sample of 150 teachers representing 25% of the study population. Using the statistical program (spss) (3.96). At the level of the two axes, the axis of administrative obstacles obtained an average of 4.12 and the physical obstacles at an average of 3.79 and all of them were high. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the basic school , And secondary school in physical constraints, while there are differences of statistical significance Primary schools, secondary schools in administrative and macro-level constraints, and for basic schools. In the light of the results, a number of recommendations and proposals were presented to overcome the obstacles facing the use of e-learning in Karak and all the Kingdom.

scholarly journals ICT in the Primary School

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Darko Dukić ◽  
Slavko Petrinšak ◽  
Pavao Pinjušić
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Ict Implementation ◽  
Computer Classrooms ◽  
Insight Into

The aim of the study was to explore various issues related to the introduction and use of ICT in primary schools in eastern and central Croatia from the viewpoint of informatics teachers. A total of 232 respondents participated in the survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied in data analysis. The results indicate that the equipment in computer classrooms is only partially satisfactory. LCD projectors and multimedia computers are mostly used in teaching informatics. The research also revealed that teachers are aware of the importance of ICT implementation in classrooms. However, they are less satisfied with the professional development opportunities. Their responses also suggest that they are ready to participate in the curriculum development process, undertake continuing education, and focus on pupils and their learning. In addition, the analysis showed that teachers, regardless of their background characteristics, share similar views. So far, the issues discussed in this paper have only been superficially examined. The present study expands previous research by providing insight into the practice and attitudes of informatics teachers in Croatian primary schools.

scholarly journals A framework for analysing ICT adoption in Australian primary schools

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Way ◽  
Colin Webb
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Individual School ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
Key Dimensions

<span>Over 400 e-learning grant applications from Australian primary schools were analysed to determine the nature of the proposed ICT based projects in literacy and numeracy. Three key dimensions emerged from the teacher descriptions: ICT infrastructure, motivation and ICT use, and pedagogy and innovation. The three dimensions, and the interactions between them, provide a means for understanding the complex factors within an individual school that determine the nature of ICT use and the potential for innovation. Several types, or levels, were identified within each dimension, together forming a framework that can be applied as both a research tool and a model for describing in detail the current status of ICT use in a school.</span>

scholarly journals Assessing Argumentative Writing Skills in Online Environments among Arabic Language Teachers of Grades 5 to 7 in UAE Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Suad Abdelkareem Alwaely ◽  
Hanene Lahiani
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Argumentative Writing ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Online Environments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

The study at hand aims at identifying the argumentative writing skills among Arabic language teachers in online environments. The need for acceptance and the readiness of teachers to work independently in a digital environment is now especially great since students are familiar with electronic technology. Peculiarities of teaching the Arabic language require increased attention to learning writing and confident knowledge from teachers. Argumentative writing is important for teachers precisely in terms of its use to motivate students in e-learning and increase their engagement. Research paper points to the relationship between teachers’ writing skills and students’ advancement in writing when learning Arabic, especially as a foreign language. To achieve the purpose of the study, the descriptive method was applied. The sample of the study consisted of 120 teachers of UAE primary schools (40 male and 80 female), who were chosen randomly. The instrument of the study is a questionnaire divided into seven areas of argumentative writing. The study evaluates writing skills closely related to the effectiveness of presenting information to an online audience and in preparing e-learning programs. The results show that the argumentative writing skills in Arabic language teachers are moderate. There are statistically significant differences on the argumentative writing skills attributed to the gender variable in favor of the females. There are no statistically significant differences among the sample participants ascribed to qualification variable. Finally, there are statistically significant differences on argumentative writing skills ascribed to the experience variable, in favor of 10 years of experience or more. The authors also offered recommendations for the application of research results and for further research in this area.

scholarly journals Workbook for e-Education: Children’s Online Handwriting Quality Analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanen Akouaydi ◽  
Yahia Hamdi ◽  
Houcine Boubaker ◽  
Faouzi Alaya Cheikh ◽  
Adel M. Alimi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Cursive Handwriting ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Children's Writing ◽  
Elliptic Model ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Interactive Interfaces ◽  
Order Position

<div>This paper describes an innovative e-learning project which is the development of a digital workbook that helps teaching handwriting at school. In this work, we propose a new qualitative and quantitative analysis process of cursive handwriting. This process detects automatically mistakes, gives a real-time feedback and helps teachers evaluate children’s writing skills. The main aim of this digital workbook is to help children learn how to write correctly. The proposed process is composed of five main criteria: shape,direction, stroke order, position respect to the reference lines and kinematics of the trace. It analyzes the handwriting quality and gives automatically feedback based on the Beta-Elliptic Model using similarity detection (SD) and dissimilarity distance (DD) measure. Our work apprehends dynamic and visual representation of the acquired traces and selects efficient features adapted to various handwriting styles and multiple script languages such as Arabic, Latin, digits, and symbols drawing. It demonstrates that beta-elliptic is not only a model for segmentation and recognition but also a tool to evaluate handwriting. Our application offers two interactive interfaces respectively dedicated to learners, and experts or teachers who can adapt it easily to the specificity of each child. The validation of the proposed system is done on a database collected in Tunisia primary schools with 400 children. Experimental results show that the efficiency and robustness of our suggested framework that do help teachers and children by offering positive feedback throughout the handwriting learning process using tactile digital devices.</div>

scholarly journals Implementing M-Learning System for Learning Mathematics Through Computer Games and Applying Neural Networks for Content Similarity Analysis of an Integrated Social Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Petar Juric ◽  
Marija Brkic Bakaric ◽  
Maja Matetic
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Educational Computer ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Content Similarity ◽  
Educational Computer Games

In order to make e-learning systems more readily available for use, the majority of new systems are being developed in a form suitable for mobile learning, i.e. m-learning. The paper puts focus on the parts of the implementation of an e-learning system which is not restricted to desktop platforms, but works equally well on smartphones and tablets in the form of m-learning. The implemented system uses educational computer games for learning Mathematics in primary schools and has an integrated social network, which is used for communication and publishing of the content related to the game. Besides analysing the platforms used for accessing the system (desktop/mobile), since students are given a choice, the paper also questions how to interpret messages when they contain concepts in student jargon or generally unknown to teachers, and shows that these messages can be interpreted by applying neural networks.

scholarly journals Do our children learn enough in Sky Class? A case study: online learning in Chinese primary schools in the COVID era March to May 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Peter Thomas ◽  
Lingling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Learning Ecologies

AbstractAll human being’s ways of living, working and studying were significantly impacted by the Covid-19 in 2020. In China, the Ministry of Education reacted fast in ensuring that primary school students could learn online at home by promoting the Sky Class program from February 2020. Educators, parents, and students all faced the challenges of adapting to new online teaching and learning environments. In this small-scale case study, Sky Class’s content and the participants’ experiences, will be presented. Four primary school teachers and five primary school students and their parents participated in three-rounds of interviews sharing their perspectives and experiences of online learning. The study showed that the students gained more parental support and that they benefited from using multimedia functions, like replay, in their Sky Classes. However, the majority of participants reported that the students learnt less. By mapping the learning activities and themes from Sky Class against Cope and Kalantzis’ e-learning ecologies, our study found that only ubiquitous learning and multimodal meaning were achieved. We suggest the reason may be that high cognitive learning was not achieved due to less teachers’ supervision, lack of interaction, delayed feedback, shorter learning times and communication. In conclusion, innovative pedagogies, which can foster different types of learning from the e-learning ecologies may overcome the negative aspects reported about Sky Class. Further research is required for implementing online technology as a catalyst for educational change.

scholarly journals Sustainability Research on Promoting the Inheritance of Lacquer Art Based on the E-learning Mode—Case Study of the Popularization of Lacquer Art Education in Primary Schools in Guangzhou Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Kuo-Kuang Fan ◽  
Xue-Hui Li ◽  
Meng-Jia Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Art Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
University Education ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Effective Role

This paper investigates the sustainable inheritance of contemporary lacquer art in the Guangzhou area. Based on the traditional teaching mode dominated by folk inheritance and university education, this paper develops the advantage of contemporary information technology and proposes the application of the e-learning mode to assist the popularization of lacquer art education in society, which plays a positive role in promoting the sustainable development of the lacquer art culture in Guangzhou. This study adopts literature analysis and the questionnaire survey method, and then integrates this learning mode into the lacquer art learning curriculum in primary schools. Finally, this paper summarizes and reflects on the teaching results, and presents the effective role of this model in promoting the teaching of lacquer art culture, which is of important practical significance for consolidating the sustainable development of contemporary lacquer art culture.

scholarly journals Project-Based Teaching of the Topic “Energy Sources” in Physics via Integrated e-Learning—Pedagogical Research in the 9th Grade at Two Primary Schools in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Žaneta Gerhátová ◽  
Peter Perichta ◽  
Marián Palcut
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physics Teaching ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Pedagogical Research

This work presents the results of two-year-long pedagogical research, the aim of which was to demonstrate the applicability of the usage of a new strategy in education—Integrated e-Learning (INTe-L)—through its introduction into project-based physics teaching in Slovakia. The INTe-L strategy is built around the role of experiments and interactive simulations in knowledge acquisition and on the possibility of integrating scientific methods in education. The elements of INTe-L are the following: (a) real on-site and real remote experiments, (b) interactive virtual experiments (e-simulations) and (c) educational e-materials. The primary objective of our study was to determine the suitability of project-based teaching with INTe-L elements for the topic “Energy Sources”. The research was based on the following hypothesis: project-based teaching via INTe-L of the topic “Energy Sources” in physics is more effective than the traditional (instructionist) way of teaching. To verify the hypothesis, we performed a pedagogical experiment on a sample of 155 respondents in the 9th grade at two primary schools in Slovakia. The pupils were divided into two working groups: an experimental group (EG) of 85 pupils and a control group (CG) of 70 pupils. The pupils with worse grades were included in the EG. To get relevant feedback, pre-test and post-test studies and an interview were developed and applied. The results attained in both groups were statistically processed, evaluated and subsequently compared. A two-phase test with dispersion equality proved that differences in the pre-test scores in the EG and CG were not statistically significant. The differences in the final didactic test (post-test) results achieved by the EG and CG, on the other hand, were statistically significant and better scores in the EG were obtained. A positive change of pupils’ attitude in the EG towards physics after the execution of our project-based teaching was noted. The evaluation of the results attained by the pupils proved that the introduction of project-based teaching via INTe-L was an effective strategy to improve Physics teaching. As such, the implementation of this interactive strategy into the instructional education process at primary schools is recommended.

Children Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Online Coding as a Supplement to in-person Boot Camps

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinode John Lekan ◽  
Oloruntoba Samson Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Computational Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Boot Camps ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning

The wide spread of Corona virus or Covid-19 pandemic across the world has affected educational system worldwide, resulting to partial closures of schools. In line with the efforts to contain the spread, governments in different countries have issued directives to close schools to curtail the virus. As a result, there is a paradigm shift in the educational sector with the rise of Online/E-Learning and Teaching. The purpose of this study was to examine children perceptions of online coding in a boot camp program in Nigeria during COVID-19 period. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaire from the participants. A sample of fifty students in primary schools (K-8) were randomly selected. The students were examined based on their previous knowledge using the normal classroom teaching and the knowledge acquired using the e-learning platform on Computational thinking via unplugged activities and scratch programming. Sample t-test was used to compare the level of skill/knowledge acquired during online coding class and coding in formal contexts. The result shows that there is no significant difference between the teaching methods because p-value >5% significance level. However, the class activities were hampered by the difficulties in breaking the participants into groups and technical challenges as a result of internet and power failure. It was concluded that both interventions significantly improved students’ computational thinking skills and competency.

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