scholarly journals Risk factors, physical and mental health burden of male and female pathological gamblers in the German general population aged 40–80

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wejbera ◽  
Klaus Wölfling ◽  
Michael Dreier ◽  
Matthias Michal ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Background Gambling Disorder (GD) has been associated with considerable mental and physical health risks in clinical samples. The paper determines risk factors, mental and physical health burden of probable GD for both men and women in the general population. Methods In the Gutenberg Health Study, a population-based sample of N = 11,875 aged 40–80 years was analyzed regarding lifetime probable GD prevalence (measured with the Lie/ Bet Questionnaire) and a wide array of health variables including standardized measures of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Results Probable GD lifetime prevalence was 2.1%, with higher rates among 1st generation migrants (5.5%; vs. non-migrants 1.6%), men (3.0%; vs. women 1.2%), and the sample’s youngest age decade (40–49 y., 3.1%). Lifetime probable GD was associated with current work-related, family and financial stressors as well as unhealthy behavior (smoking, extended screen time), and lifetime legal offenses. In men, but not in women, increased rates of imprisonment, mental and somatic symptoms were found. Conclusions GD is a major public health problem with serious social, mental and physical health burden. Epidemiological findings underscore the preponderance of GD among 1st generation migrants and men. Findings are consistent with a vicious cycle of family, work related and financial stress factors, and mental and physical burden, particularly in men. Demographic risk factors may help to target specific prevention and treatment efforts.

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and risk factor analysis in Changsha, central China, about population undergoing routine check-up, 2013–2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohui Liu ◽  
Chang Zeng ◽  
Xintong Kang ◽  
Ying Tan ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Central China ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Abstract Background Currently, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major public health problem. The aim of current study wanted to determine the prevalence of HCV virus infections, and to explore the risk factors for HCV infection in the general adult population undergoing routine check-ups in Changsha City. Methods We collected 59688 blood samples from the adult population undergoing routine check-ups in 2013–2015 and obtained relevant information using a standardized questionnaire. We then conducted association and logistic regression analyses. We used the enzyme immunoassay method to test for anti-HCV antibodies in the serum samples. Results The positivity rate of anti-HCV was about 0.57% (340/59688) in the general population. Participants from rural areas showed significantly higher HCV seroprevalence rates than did those from the urban area (0.83% vs 0.19%, p < 0.001). HCV seropositivity increased progressively with age, peaking at 55–64 years (1.23%), and decreasing in participants aged 65 and older. The positivity rate of anti-HCV for males was slightly higher than that of females (0.67% vs 0.48%, p = 0.002). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that history of blood transfusion, surgery, living in rural areas, and transmission in families were the main risk factors for HCV infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection is low in the general population in Changsha. This information vital for healthcare settings and health education entities in public, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals 42 Training Forgiveness – A Novel Approach to Reducing Physician Burnout

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Firulescu ◽  
Ross W. May ◽  
Frank D. Fincham ◽  
Emelina A. Arocha ◽  
Marcos A. Sanchez-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

AbstractStudy ObjectivePsychological risk factors that lead to impaired work performance, negatively impacting mental and physical health, have emerged as a concern across clinical settings. Although depression and anxiety are linked to poor physician mental health, physician burnout characterized by work related stress due to chronic exhaustion from clinical work, cynicism toward meaning of the medical profession, and feelings of inadequacy toward work related accomplishments, may be an even stronger indicator of well-being. Literature suggests that work satisfaction among physicians is rapidly deteriorating owing to high rates of burn out and poor mental health. Although the relationship between work burnout (WB) and negative affectivity has been well documented, the association with positive affect, such as trait forgiveness (TF) has been overlooked. On that note, research shows that lifetime stress severity and lower levels of forgiveness predict worse mental and physical health. Since TF has been linked strongly with healthy workplace relationships, positive occupational outcomes and general well-being, its association with WB remains to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the link between TF and WB among physicians. We hypothesized that TF would be associated with reduced levels of burnout.MethodA total of 62 (F=23) medical residents at a Teaching Hospital consented for the study. Residents were administered surveys on WB (Maslach BurnoutInventory), workplace bullying, personal bullying (PB), interpersonal rejection sensitivity (IRS), perceived stress scale (PSS), TF, anxiety, and depression, all of which were anonymously submitted via electronically. Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) models were used to determine the associations between WB, work environment social factors and TF. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe mean age 33.1±SD 4.2 years. HMR analysis using WB as main outcome contained 6 predictors: Model 1 contained depression and anxiety, Model 2 added PB, Model 3 added IRS and PSS, Model 4 added TF. Anxiety and TF were the only significant predictors (p= >0.05) accounting for 10.4% and 17.5% of the variance in WB scores, respectively.ConclusionsThe novel finding of the present study is that TF was associated with low levels of burnout. Additionally, WB was found to be linked to anxiety and depression which is in line with previous research. These data suggest that TF could be a potential resolution to the deleterious influence of burnout. Further exploration is needed in order to understand the psychology of forgiveness as a potential adjuvant and/or therapeutic intervention for physicians’ burnout. These results suggest that strategies including forgiveness training aimed at decreasing WB while increasing job satisfaction among physicians warrant further exploration.Funding Acknowledgements: no funding

scholarly journals Prevalence of, and work-related risk factors for, hand eczema in a Norwegian general population (The HUNT Study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde K. Vindenes ◽  
Cecilie Svanes ◽  
Stein H. L. Lygre ◽  
Bjørg-Eli Hollund ◽  
Arnulf Langhammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hand Eczema ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Hunt Study

scholarly journals Difficulties detaching psychologically from work among German teachers: prevalence, risk factors and health outcomes within a cross-sectional and national representative employee survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Z. Varol ◽  
Gerald M. Weiher ◽  
Johannes Wendsche ◽  
Andrea Lohmann-Haislah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Background Teachers often face high job demands that might elicit strong stress responses. This can increase risks of adverse strain outcomes such as mental and physical health impairment. Psychological detachment has been suggested as a recovery experience that counteracts the stressor-strain relationship. However, psychological detachment is often difficult when job demands are high. The aims of this study were, first, to gain information on the prevalence of difficulties detaching from work among German teachers, second, to identify potential person-related/individual (i.e., age, sex), occupational (e.g., tenure, leadership position), and work-related (e.g., overload, cognitive, emotional, and physical demands) risk factors and, third, to examine relationships with mental and physical health impairment and sickness absence. Methods A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from a national and representative survey of German employees was conducted (BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2018). For the analyses data from two groups of teachers (primary/secondary school teachers: n = 901, other teachers: n = 641) were used and compared with prevalence estimates of employees from other occupations (n = 16,266). Results Primary/secondary school teachers (41.5%) and other teachers (30.3%) reported more difficulties detaching from work than employees from other occupations (21.3%). Emotional demands and deadline/performance pressure were the most severe risk factors in both groups of teachers. In the group of primary/secondary school teachers multitasking demands were further risk factors for difficulties to detach from work whereas support from colleagues reduced risks. In both groups of teachers detachment difficulties can be linked to an increase in psychosomatic and musculoskeletal complaints and, additionally, to a higher risk of sickness absence among primary/secondary school teachers. Conclusions Difficulties detaching from work are highly prevalent among German teachers. In order to protect them from related risks of health impairment, interventions are needed which aim at optimizing job demands and contextual resources (i.e., work-directed approaches) or at improving coping strategies (i.e., person-directed approaches).

scholarly journals Caregivers’ Mental Health and Somatic Symptoms During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung S Park
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Objectives This study examines differences in the mental and physical health of the U.S. population during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic among 3 groups: noncaregivers, short-term caregivers (1 year or less), and long-term caregivers (greater than 1 year). Methods Data from the Understanding America Study are used to describe group differences in reports of psychological distress and somatic symptoms. Logistic and negative binomial regression models are used to examine whether these differences persist after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and prepandemic health conditions. To understand within-group differences in caregiving demands, the intensity of care provided by short-term and long-term caregivers, as well as selected patients’ health conditions are summarized. Results Adults’ mental and physical health varied substantially by caregiver status. Caregivers continued to fare worse than noncaregivers in terms of mental health and fatigue, and long-term caregivers were more likely to report headache, body aches, and abdominal discomfort than both short-term caregivers and noncaregivers, net of controls. The nature of caregiving differed between short-term and long-term caregivers, with the latter more likely to provide greater hours of care, and to be looking after patients with permanent medical conditions. Discussion Efforts to understand and mitigate the impact of the pandemic on population health should include caregivers, whose mental and physical health were already vulnerable before COVID-19.

Safety and work-related stress: developing a risk index to comply with Italian law (D. Lgs. 81/2008)

RISORSA UOMO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Mario Magnani ◽  
Gaetano Andrea Mancini ◽  
Vincenzo Majer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

- Despite the recent proliferation of tools to detect the sources of stress, relatively little research has been conducted about well-being indicators in order to comply with the law and to assess the person's fit to the observed context. This work aims to present a tool for quickly detecting the working conditions. The OPRA Risk Index shows excellent factorial structure and a satisfactory internal reliability. It provides an estimate of risk based on the score of some literature-relevant indicators and can be used to make a first assessment as well as to discriminate effectively between perceptions of climate, sources of risk, burnout, engagement, and mental and physical health.

The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Birth Cohort protocol: rationale, design and methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi ◽  
Navid Danaei ◽  
Payam Dadvand ◽  
Amir Houshang Mehrparvar ◽  
Motahar Heidari-Beni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background: Birth cohorts are essential for developing evidence-based policies and advancing knowledge on different aspects of the concept of developmental origins of health and diseases (DOHaD). The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) is a multicentre cohort in Iran. It is one of the pioneers of DOHaD research in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This profile provides a brief overview of this birth cohort, focusing on the objectives and design of the study. The main objective of this birth cohort is to evaluate the associations of socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle, diet, environmental exposures and epigenetic factors with outcomes of: pregnancy; mother and child mental and physical health and well-being; child neurodevelopment; and the establishment of chronic disease risk factors.Methods: The enrolment of PERSIAN Birth Cohort participants is currently ongoing in five Iranian cities (Isfahan, Yazd, Semnan, Sari and Rafsanjan). We plan to recruit 15,000 mother–offspring pairs, and to follow them for at least ten years. Data collection consists of three consecutive phases: (1) periconception until birth; (2) infancy (0–2 years); and (3) childhood (3–11 years). We are collecting data on both ‘determinants of health’ and ‘health outcomes’. In addition to questionnaires and physical examination, various biological samples, including blood, urine, hair, nail, cord blood and breastmilk are being collected. Growth and neurodevelopment of children will be monitored. Appropriate data analysis schemes will be employed to assess the role of early life factors in health and disease that would facilitate international comparisons.<br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>This study provides the profile and objectives of the PERSIAN Birth Cohort ongoing in five cities in Iran.</li><br /><li>This cohort is one of the first longitudinal studies on the developmental origins of health and disease in the Middle East and North Africa.</li><br /><li>It aims to evaluate the effects of gene–environment interactions on pregnancy outcomes and on mother and child mental and physical health.</li><br /><li>The cohort aims to assess the life course establishment of risk factors of non-communicable diseases.</li></ul>

Sub-Types of Childhood Trauma Predicts Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in the General Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S516-S516
Author(s):  
N. Maric ◽  
S. Andric ◽  
M. Mihaljevic ◽  
T. Mirjanic ◽  
Z. Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Past

BackgroundUbiquitous negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety and stress in adulthood are related to individual life scenario, particularly influenced by exposure to environmental risk factors. Here, we investigated if sub-threshold negative emotional states in general population can be predicted by experience of trauma in the childhood.MethodA sample of 106 healthy young adult participants from Belgrade and surroundings (43.4% male, age 29.2 ± 6.6 years, mean IQ 106.4 ± 15.9) fulfilled Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to identify emotional or physical abuse/neglect or sexual abuse. Present level of negative affectivity was measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to identify subtypes of trauma as predictors of the negative affectivity.ResultsMean CTQ and DASS scores were 31.2 ± 6.7 and 16.4 ± 16.8, respectively. An exposure to given risk factors in the past correlated significantly with intensity of the present negative affective states (r = 0.290, P = 0.004). For the prediction of anxiety, the most important traumatism subtypes were emotional abuse, emotional neglect and physical abuse (P = 0.001; 0.028; and 0.041, respectively). Depressive symptoms were predicted only by the emotional abuse in the past (P = 0.008).ConclusionBased on clinical samples, findings from the literature yielded greater risk for mood and anxiety disorders after exposure to emotional, in comparison to the physical trauma. We confirmed the same pattern of correlations in the healthy subject's sample, who had no history mental disorders. Evaluation of the interaction effects among emotional trauma and genotype is strongly recommended in the identification of subjects at risk and for the prevention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Effects of Qigong Exercise on Biomarkers and Mental and Physical Health in Adults With at Least One Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Man Hung ◽  
Shu-Hui Yeh ◽  
Chung-Hey Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Cad Risk

Current medical technology permits the early detection of risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults, and interventions are available to prevent CAD-related morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Qigong exercise intervention in improving biomarker levels and mental and physical health outcomes in community-dwelling adults diagnosed with CAD risk factors, in a southern Taiwanese city. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = 84) group that participated in a 60-min Qigong group session 3 times per week for 3 months or a control ( n = 61) group that did not receive the intervention. Self-perceived mental and physical health assessed with the Chinese Health Questionnaire-12, and body fat percentage were measured at baseline and 6, 12, and 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks for analysis of lipid profiles, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting plasma sugar. Linear mixed model analyses revealed that experimental participants had significantly improved perceived mental and physical health and body fat percentage compared to the control group at 6 and 12 weeks but not 16 weeks. The lipid profiles were significantly more improved in the Qigong group than in the control group at 12 weeks. Qigong exercise, however, had no significant effects on hs-CRP, HbA1c, or fasting plasma sugar. Findings suggest that Qigong exercise improves a limited number of CAD risk factors in community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and over.

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