Price elasticity of the demand for soft drinks, other sugar-sweetened beverages and energy dense food in Chile

The idea of using 'fat taxes’ to curb obesity rates has been raised by many. In particular, the idea of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has received considerable attention in the United States and has recently been discussed by President Obama. Rather less attention has been given to the alternative of 'thin subsidies’, that is, subsidies for the consumption of foods or beverages likely to be associated with reduced incidence of obesity. This commentary examines the case for a subsidy for artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) or 'diet soft drinks’. In this commentary, we outline the evidence on the relationship between health outcomes, most notably obesity, and the consumption of SSBs and ASBs. In the light of the evidence we consider the economic effects of taxing SSBs, and the way in which those effects would be modified by the adoption of the alternative 'thin subsidy’ based on subsidising ASBs.

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Sweet Drinks

Food and Nutrition ◽

10.1093/wentk/9780190846640.003.0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

P.K. Newby

Keyword(s):

Soft Drinks ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Sweetened Beverages

How many sugar-sweetened beverages are we drinking, and are they related to obesity? Beverages comprise 47% of added sugar intakes in American diets, of which 39% come from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). SSBs include soft drinks (25%); fruit drinks, not including 100% fruit juices (11%);...

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Associations between beverage consumption of parents and their children. The ToyBox-study

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120006576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Paloma Flores Barrantes ◽

Alicia Larruy ◽

Maria Luisa Miguel-Berges ◽

Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽

Iris Iglesia-Altaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Role Models ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Drinking Behavior ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Fruit Juices ◽

Self Report ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Sweetened Beverages

AbstractIntroduction: Dietary habits are established from a very young age. Parental role modeling is an important factor influencing the eating behavior of their children. Drinking behavior may have an impact in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to explore the correlations of core drinking beverages between parents and their children.Materials and Methods: The present study included children of 3.5–5.5 years and their parents from the (Multifactorial evidence-based approach using behavioral models in understanding and promoting fun, healthy food, play and policy for the prevention of obesity in early childhood) ToyBox study. The study was a kindergarten-based family-involved intervention, in preschool children from six European countries: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland, and Spain. For this study, we analyzed data from the baseline cross-sectional survey.Data on consumption frequency of water, homemade or fresh fruit juice, prepacked fruit juice, light beverages and sugared sweetened beverages consumption from parents and their children was obtained via a validated food frequency questionnaire. Parents were given examples of serving sizes and asked about how to self-report their usual consumption per day or week. Beverage consumption of children was reported by their parents and information about frequency and portion sizes was collected. Body weight and height of children was measured and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Bivariate correlations were performed to analyze beverage consumption (servings per day) in children and their parents.Results: The studied sample included 5266 pairs of children (49.2% girls) and parents (91.7% women) that were included in the analysis.Girls presented higher correlations in water (r2 = 0,317) and sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,302), whereas boys, presented slightly higher correlations of light soft drinks (r2 = 0,273), pure fruit juices (r2 = 0,308) and prepacked fruit juices (r2 = 0,324), all of them at < 0.01 level of significance. Considering boys and girls together, a slightly higher significant correlation coefficients were found between children-parents’ dyads with overweight/obesity compared to normal weight children-parentś for sugar sweetened beverages (r2 = 0,303) and light soft drinks (r2 = 0,396).Discussion: Beverage consumption of children and their parents were found to be moderately correlated. Overweight children seem to have better correlations with their parents in relation of sugar sweetened beverages and light soft drinks. Parents should encourage a healthy beverage consumption for their own health and most important, because there are key role models to their children.

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Soft Drinks and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Advertising in Spain: Correlation between Nutritional Values and Advertising Discursive Strategies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17072335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 2335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mireia Montaña Blasco ◽

Mònika Jiménez-Morales

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Celebrity Endorsements ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Score System ◽

Nutritional Values ◽

Discursive Strategies ◽

Sweetened Beverages

Spain ranks fifth among European countries for childhood obesity. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and soft drinks (SDs) are consumed by 81% of the Spanish children weekly. Advertising is one of the factors that contributes to an obesogenic environment. This study correlated longitudinally the nutritional values of SSBs and SDs and advertising discursive strategies between 2013 and 2018 for all media. A mixed-methods approach was applied that included a quantitative analysis of advertising spend data, a content analysis and a study of the discursive strategies used in advertisements. In addition, the Nutri-score system was used in order to determine the nutritional quality of the beverages. The results were analyzed applying the Spanish advertising regulatory framework for obesity prevention. The main findings indicate an association between low nutritional value beverage advertisements and a discourse based on hedonistic elements. In order to prevent childhood obesity in Spain, a stricter regulation of advertising is necessary, especially in aspects such as the language used to present products and celebrity endorsements.

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The impact of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages according to socio-economic position: a systematic review of the evidence

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001600104x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (17) ◽

pp. 3070-3084 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Kathryn Backholer ◽

Danja Sarink ◽

Alison Beauchamp ◽

Catherine Keating ◽

Venurs Loh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Price Elasticity ◽

Grey Literature ◽

High Income ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Weight Outcomes ◽

Economic Position ◽

The Impact ◽

Population Weight

AbstractObjectiveA tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been proposed to address population weight gain but the effect across socio-economic position (SEP) is unclear. The current study aimed to clarify the differential impact(s) of SSB taxes on beverage purchases and consumption, weight outcomes and the amount paid in SSB taxes according to SEP.DesignDatabases (OVID and EMBASE) and grey literature were systematically searched in June 2015 to identify studies that examined effects of an SSB price increase on beverage purchases or consumption, weight outcomes or the amount paid in tax across SEP, within high-income countries.ResultsOf the eleven included articles, three study types were identified: (i) those that examined the association between variation in SSB taxes and SSB consumption and/or body weight (n 3); (ii) price elasticity estimation of SSB demand (n 1); and (iii) modelling of hypothetical SSB taxes by combining price elasticity estimates with population SEP-specific beverage consumption, energy intake or body weight (n 7). Few studies statistically tested differences in outcomes between SEP groups. Nevertheless, of the seven studies that reported on changes in weight outcomes for the total population following an increase in SSB price, all reported either similar reductions in weight across SEP groups or greater reductions for lower compared with higher SEP groups. All studies that examined the average household amount paid in tax (n 5) reported that an SSB tax would be regressive, but with small differences between higher- and lower-income households (0·10–1·0 % and 0·03 %–0·60 % of annual household income paid in SSB tax for low- and high-income households, respectively).ConclusionsBased on the available evidence, a tax on SSB will deliver similar population weight benefits across socio-economic strata or greater benefits for lower SEP groups. An SSB tax is shown to be consistently financially regressive, but to a small degree.

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Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Contribute Significantly to College Students’ Daily Caloric Intake in Jordan: Soft Drinks Are Not the Major Contributor

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051058 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1058 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hiba Bawadi ◽

Toqa Khataybeh ◽

Bayan Obeidat ◽

Abdelhamid Kerkadi ◽

Reema Tayyem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Body Weight ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consumption Level ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Daily Energy

Sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) are caloric-dense and associated with poor diet quality which may result in weight gain and obesity. Obesity is an independent risk factor for several chronic diseases. This study aimed to (1) assess the consumption level of SSBs among college students in Jordan and (2) examine the relationship of consumption level to body weight. The current study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 967 college students (55.3% males and 44.7% females). Consumption of SSBs was assessed using validated questionnaires. SSBs were classified into four major categories (hot drinks, fruit drinks, energy drinks, and soft drinks). Anthropometric measurements of the participants including body weight, height, and waist circumferences were recorded. Male students consumed more calories from SSBs compared to female students (p = 0.016). The mean contribution of SSBs to daily energy intake among college students was 480 kcal with the highest contribution from sugar sweetened hot drinks and fruit drinks. A significant positive relationship was found in BMI (p = 0.006) and waist circumference (p = 0.030) for participants consuming calories from SSBs. In conclusion, beverages with added sugar contribute substantially to the daily energy intake of college students in Jordan.

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Impact of sin taxes on consumption volumes of sweetened beverages and soft drinks in Saudi Arabia

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.25853.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rania Megally ◽

Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

World Health ◽

Series Data ◽

Sales Volume ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Sin Taxes ◽

The Impact

Background: The consumption of sweetened drinks plays a major role in increasing the burden of diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence rate of obesity and overweight individuals in Saudi Arabia has increased alarmingly among children over the past decade, revealing a crucial need the initiate and monitor effective prevention measures of obesity. Hence, this paper aims to measure the impact of sin taxes of sugar-sweetened beverages on the consumption level of such beverages in Saudi Arabia. Building enough evidence to guide other countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) on how to reduce the level of sugar intake consumption to reduce obesity and malnutrition has an impact on the economy as a whole. Methods: The excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages were applied in 2017. The impact of this was measured using a time series data set that covered sales volumes of soft drinks in Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2020. Results: Sin taxes had a significant negative impact on the sales volume over the years. A significance level of <1% was found as sales volume of soft drinks decreased by 57.64% from 2010 to 2017 when sin taxes were applied on energy and soft drinks. Conclusions: Sin tax policy is recommended to other countries in the EMR to reduce obesity levels among children. These recommendations advocate the recommended priority actions by the World Health Organization for the strategy on nutrition for the EMR 2020-2030.

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Trends in Intake of Energy and Total Sugar from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in the United States among Children and Adults, NHANES 2003–2016

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Bernadette P. Marriott ◽

Kelly J. Hunt ◽

Angela M. Malek ◽

Jill C. Newman

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Total Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Sugar Intake ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Total Diet

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) increases total caloric intake, is linked to cardiometabolic outcomes as well as dental caries, and sugar in SSBs is associated with mortality and frailty among adults. We describe energy and total sugar intake trends among the United States (US) population from SSBs, soft drinks, other beverage groups, and the total diet based on the first 24-h recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003–2004 through 2015–2016). SSBs included soft drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, and fruit drinks, but excluded sports beverages with protein and sweetened teas/coffees. Among the total population (age ≥2 years: 57,026), energy intake from SSBs declined significantly from 183.9 ± 6.9 mean kcal/d (±SE) in 2003–2004 to 95.0 ± 3.5 in 2015–2016, while total sugar intake declined from 43.6 ± 1.7 mean g/d to 22.3 ± 0.8 (p-trend < 0.0001). Decreases were found for energy and total sugar intake, as well as percentage of energy and total sugar intake from SSBs, soft drinks, and all beverages for all age groups examined (≥2, 2–19, ≥20 years) (p-trend < 0.0001). From 2003 to 2016, energy and sugar intake from all beverages, SSBs, soft drinks, and the total diet decreased among the total population, children, and adults.

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Diet and body fat in adolescence and early adulthood: a systematic review of longitudinal studies

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232017225.13972015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 1539-1552 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bruna Celestino Schneider ◽

Samuel Carvalho Dumith ◽

Silvana Paiva Orlandi ◽

Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Body Fat ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

World Health ◽

Food Groups ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Adipose tissue is a vital component of the human body, but in excess, it represents a risk to health. According to the World Health Organization, one of the main factors determining excessive body adiposity is the dietary habit. This systematic review investigated longitudinal studies that assessed the association between diet and body fat in adolescents and young adults. Twenty-one relevant papers published between 2001 and 2015 were selected. The most used method for estimating body fat was the body mass index (15 studies). Diet was most commonly assessed by estimating the consumption of food groups (cereals, milk and dairy products) and specific foods (sugar-sweetened beverages, soft drinks, fast foods, milk, etc.). Ten studies found a direct association between diet and quantity of body fat. During adolescence, adhering to a dietary pattern characterized by high consumption of energy-dense food, fast foods, sugar-sweetened beverages and soft drinks, as well as low fiber intake, appears to contribute to an increase in body fat in early adulthood. The findings of the present study suggest that the frequent consumption of unhealthy foods and food groups (higher energy density and lower nutrient content) in adolescence is associated with higher quantity of body fat in early adulthood.

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