scholarly journals Increasing similarities between young adults’ smoking and snus use in Norway: a study of the trends and stages of smoking and snus epidemic from 2010 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Tjora ◽  
Jens Christoffer Skogen ◽  
Børge Sivertsen
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Daily Smoking ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Occasional Smoking ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
Changes Over Time

Abstract Background The prevalence of smoking has been decreasing in Norway for decades. In contrast, the prevalence of snus use has recently increased substantially, especially among females. While there is a clear social gradient in smoking, with a higher smoking prevalence among individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES), a possible social gradient in snus use has been less studied. The aim of the current study was to investigate the trends of smoking and snus use and to examine whether ongoing changes in snus use are similar to prior smoking epidemic development. Methods The study was based on the 2010 (n = 5836), 2014 (n = 13,319) and 2018 (n = 24,515) waves from a nation-wide, cross-sectional, health survey of higher education in Norway (the SHoT study). Variables on smoking, snus use, gender, age and SES were used. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to test significance, and Mantel–Haenszel weights were used to test the trends in stratified cross-tabulations. Results Daily smoking decreased from 5.9 to 1.5% between 2010 and 2018, while daily snus use increased from 13.4 to 19.9%. Female snus use almost doubled, from 10.9 to 19.2%. Low SES was associated with both daily smoking and snus use across all three waves. Occasional smoking was also associated with low SES at all waves, but occasional snus use was only associated with low SES in 2010. There were no significant changes over time in either the association between occasional or daily smoking and SES or the association between occasional or daily snus use and SES. Conclusions The overall smoking decrease indicated that the Norwegian smoking epidemic is in its latest stage. Steady male snus use, doubled female snus use and a clear social gradient in snus use all indicate that the snus epidemic in Norway has progressed. If this trend continues, a main implication is that snus prevalence will soon peak, first in males and then in females.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) Infection and Nutritional Status in Students of State Elementary School Number (SDN) 200 Palembang Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Chairil Anwar ◽  
Saraswati Annisa ◽  
Dalilah Dalilah ◽  
Novrikasari Novrikasari
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Media

Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) is caused by intestinal nematodes where as in its life cycle, soil is needed as the media for the eggs or larvae to mature into effective forms, most commonly happen to children of school age. This infection is still one of the main problems in public health, including Indonesia. STH infection are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Lack of personal hygiene, poor environmental sanitation and low socioeconomic status are some factors that plays role in increasing the occurrence of the infection. This infection is also one of the causes responsible for malnutrition in children by decreasing appetite and food intake thus ensued adverse consequences such as declining growth pace, impairment of physical health, and weakening cognitive function. This study was conducted to analyze the association of STH infection with nutritional status of SDN 200 students in  Kertapati District, Palembang. This study was an analytic observational research with a cross sectional research design. Samples consist of 107 students chosen using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by direct interview using questionnaires, measuring body weight and height to obtain nutritional status which then classified using CDC 2000 growth curve while fecal contamination was examined using Kato Katz and modified Harada Mori methode in the Laboratory of Parasitology Medical Faculty of Universitas Sriwijaya. Data then analyzed using Chi-square test. From 107 students, 27.1% infection of STH was found on 29 students with 6 students (20.7%) infected by A. lumbricoides and 23 students (79.3%) infected by T. trichiura. Proportion of malnutrition status was found at 43.9%. Statistical test showed a significant association between STH infection and nutritional status (p=0.036; OR=3.167; Cl 95%: 1.163-15.237). There was a significant association between STH infection and nutritional status in students of SDN 200 Kelurahan Kemas Rindo Kertapati District Palembang City.

scholarly journals A Belief in Socioeconomic Mobility Promotes the Development of Academically Motivating Identities among Low-Socioeconomic Status Youth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Browman ◽  
Ryan Svoboda ◽  
Mesmin Destin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
School Based ◽  
And Performance

Despite barriers to educational attainment, low-SES youth often maintain strong academic intentions and performance if they continue to view school as important for obtaining the desired futures they envision for themselves. We undertook three related studies to examine the importance of one aspiration central to the desired futures of many low-SES youth: attaining upward socioeconomic mobility. Cross-sectional, longitudinal (Study 1), and experimental data (Study 2) demonstrate that low-SES youth’s beliefs about their likelihood of attaining mobility affects their likelihood of envisioning futures that hinge on educational attainment, which ultimately predict their academic intentions and performance. Study 3 then tests a novel intervention for promoting the adoption of education-dependent futures among low-SES youth: highlighting multiple viable school-based paths to future mobility.

scholarly journals Aesthetical perception of dental fluorosis in a Colombian low income community

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Camila Fragelli ◽  
Manuel Restrepo ◽  
Diego Girotto Bussaneli ◽  
Fabiano Jeremias ◽  
Rita De Cássia Loiola Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Introduction and objective: The Dental Fluorosis (DF) is a development de­fect of enamel resulting from overexposure to fluoride and can aesthetically compromise the patient. This study aims to investigate the relationship be­tween aesthetic perception and dental fluorosis (DF) in a low-income com­munity with high DF prevalence. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 171 Colombian schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years living in low socioeconomic community (El Cedro, district of Ayapel, Córdo­ba, Colombia). After receiving authorization, the students were examined for DMFT and dmft indexes (WHO criteria), and for DF (TF index). The aesthetic per­ceptions were verified by the Child Perceptions Questionnaire About Tooth Appearance (CQATA). Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statis­tics, the chi-square test, the Student´s t-test, the one-way ANOVA test, and linear regression at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of DF in this sample was 84.8% (n=145). Only the presence of caries (DMFT/ deft≠ 0) had a significant impact on aesthetic perceptions. A significantly lower rate was found in girls for the report of pleasant color domain. The number of teeth affected by DF had a significant positive correlation with mean overall perception of dental health. Conclusion: The presence of mild DF in children with low socioeconomic status, from a population with a high prevalence of the condition, did not seem to have an impact on the report of pleasant color of teeth domain. 

scholarly journals Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Status Sosial Ekonomi Keluarga Murid Sekolah Dasar di Daerah Pusat dan Pinggiran Kota Padang Lisbet Rimelfhi Sebataraja,

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbet Rimelfhi Sebataraja ◽  
Fadil Oenzil ◽  
Asterina Asterina
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
City Center ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

AbstrakStatus gizi anak secara tidak langsung berkaitan dengan faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga. Jika status sosial ekonomi rendah maka kebutuhan makanan keluarga akan kurang terpenuhi sehingga anak akan memiliki status gizi kurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dan status sosial ekonomi keluarga murid SD di pusat dan pinggiran kota Padang. Suatu penelitian analitik secara cross sectional telah dilakukan terhadap 220 orang murid di SDN 08 Alang Lawas sebagai perwakilan SD di pusat kota Padang dan SDN 36 Koto Panjang sebagai perwakilan SD di pinggiran kota Padang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuisioner, pengukuran tinggi, dan berat badan anak. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan status gizi murid SD di pusat kota dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi baik sebesar 84,2% status gizi baik dan 6% status gizi kurang, sedangkan keluarga dengan tingkat sosial ekonomi rendah didapatkan 15,7% status gizi baik dan 0% status gizi kurang. Pada daerah pinggiran kota dengan status ekonomi baik didapatkan 15,8% status gizi baik dan 64,7% status gizi kurang, sedangkan pada keluarga dengan status ekonomi rendah didapatkan 84,3% status gizi baik dan 100% status gizi kurang. Dari uji Chi-Square didapatkan nilai pearson Chi-Square (x2) = 71.004 lebih besar dari nilai x2 tabel = 7,815 dan nilai probabilitas (p) = 0,000 lebih kecil dari nilai probabilitas yang bermakna yaitu p < 0,05 berarti terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan status sosial ekonomi keluarga murid SD di pusat dan pinggiran kota Padang. Status gizi anak juga berhubungan dengan tingkat ekonomi keluarga, tingkat pendidikan ayah dan ibu serta jumlah anak dalam keluarga.Kata kunci: Status Gizi, Status Sosial Ekonomi, Pusat Kota, Pinggiran KotaAbstractNutritional status of children is indirectly related to socioeconomic factors. If the low socioeconomic status family meals needs will not fulfilled so that the child will have malnutrition status. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of nutritional status and family socioeconomic status elementary students in the center and suburbs of Padang. An analytic study is cross-sectional was conducted on 220 students at SDN 08 Alang Lawas as representatives elementary in the city center of Padang and SDN 36 Koto Panjang as a representative elementary school on the in the suburbs of Padang. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and measurements of height and weight of children. Data analysis was done using Chi-Square test statistics. The results were obtained nutritional status in the city center with good socioeconomic level of 84.2% obtained a good nutritional status and 6% malnutrition, while families with lower socioeconomic levels obtained 15.7% of good nutritional status and 0% malnutrition. In the suburban areas with good economic status of 15.8% obtained a good nutritional status and 64.7% malnutrition status, while in families with low socioeconomic status obtained 84.3% a good nutritional status and 100% malnutrition. Of the Chi-Square test obtained value Pearson Chi-Square (x2) = 71 004 is greater than the table value x2 = 7.815 and the probability value (p) = 0.000 is smaller than the value that is meaningful probability p < 0.05 means that there is a significant relationship between the nutritional status of the family's socioeconomic status elementary students in the center and suburbs the city of Padang. Nutritional status associated with Economic level of families, father and mother's education level and number of children in families.Keywords:Nutritional Status, Socioeconomic Status, The City Center, Suburbs

scholarly journals Hubungan Konsumsi Camilan dan Durasi Waktu Tidur dengan Obesitas di Permukiman Padat Kelurahan Simolawang, Surabaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Azizah Ajeng Pratiwi ◽  
Triska Susila Nindya
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background: Obesity in women with low socioeconomic status is easily found in slum area. Low socioeconomic status can have an impact on dietary changes, such as snacking that are known to be the cause of obesity. In addition to dietary changes, lifestyle changes such as sleep deprivation can also occur due to environmental conditions and job demands. Reduced bedtime will have an impact on health. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of sleep duration and snacking to obesity. Methods: This research was an observational analytical with cross sectional design. The sample was 70 married women aged 20-55 years in Simolawang, Simokerto Distict, Surabaya. Selection of smaple was using multistage random sampling. The data were collected by interview method with questionnaire to collect respondent characteristics data and sleep duration. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted to determine the snacking habits. Chi square test was used in the statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: The data showed that  54.3% of respondents rarely consumed snack and 50% of them had sleep less time. The sleep duration had a significant association with obesity (p=0.009). In addition, snacking habits and obesity also showed a significant relationship (p=0.004).Conclusions: It is necessary to reduce the consumption of snacks and improve sleep time which is 7 hours per night to prevent obesity.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Obesitas pada wanita dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah banyak ditemui di permukiman padat. Rendahnya status sosial ekonomi dapat berdampak pada perubahan pola makan, seperti kebiasaan konsumsi camilan yang diketahui menjadi penyebab obesitas. Selain perubahan pola makan, perubahan gaya hidup seperti berkurangnya waktu tidur juga dapat terjadi karena kondisi lingkungan maupun tuntutan pekerjaan. Berkurangnya waktu tidur akan berdampak pada kesehatan.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi camilan dan durasi waktu tidur dengan obesitas pada ibu rumah tangga di permukiman padat penduduk. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 70 wanita yang sudah menikah berusia 20-55 tahun di Kelurahan Simolawang Kecamatan Simokerto, Surabaya. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan multistage random sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data karakteristik responden dan durasi waktu tidur. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan konsumsi camilan. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi square (a=0,05).Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 54,3% responden jarang mengonsumsi camilan dan 50% responden memiliki waktu tidur yang kurang. Durasi waktu tidur memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kondisi obesitas (p=0,009). Selain itu kebiasaan konsumsi camilan dan obesitas juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,004).Kesimpulan: Diperlukan adanya pembatasan konsumsi camilan dan tidur dengan durasi waktu cukup, yaitu 7 jam per malam untuk mencegah terjadinya obesitas.

scholarly journals Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan Stres pada Wanita Hipertensi Anggota Majelis Taklim

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Anna Fitriani
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Socioeconomic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Proporsi hipertensi pada wanita selalu lebih tinggi dengan peningkatan usia populasi. Penelitian ini membahas hipertensi dan faktor risiko pada 105 wanita dewasa anggota Majelis Taklim Al-Amin Cilandak, Jakarta Selatan. Penelitian observasional dengan desain studi potong lintang ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2007 dengan metode analisis uji Chi Square. Populasi targetadalah seluruh anggota majelis taklim di Jakarta Selatan dengan sampel anggota Majelis Taklim Al-Amin di Kecamatan Cilandak yang datang pada saat pengambilan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 41,7% lebih tinggi daripada provinsi DKI Jakarta (28,6%) dan angka nasional 2007 (31,7%). Hipertensi pada penelitian ini berhubungan dengan sosial ekonomi yang rendah dankondisi stres. Untuk itu, diharapkan promosi kesehatan dan penanggulangan stres diberikan di majelis-majelis taklim.Kata kunci: hipertensi, majelis taklim, sosial ekonomi rendah, stres, wanitaAbstractProportion of hypertension is always higher among women byincreasing population age. This study focused on hypertension and it’s risk factor in 105 adult women who are members of Majelis Taklim Al-Amin Cilandak, South Jakarta. An observational study using a cross sectional design was performed and stimulated based on Indonesian Base Health Research 2007. This research result showed that the prevalence of hypertension is 41.7%, which is higher than DKI Jakarta (28.6%) and Indonesia (31.7%). In this research, hypertension is correlated with low socioeconomic status and stress. Therefore, it is recommended to run health promotion and stress management in majelis taklim.Keywords: hypertension, majelis taklim, low socioeconomic, stress, women

scholarly journals Hubungan Konsumsi Camilan dan Durasi Waktu Tidur dengan Obesitas di Permukiman Padat Kelurahan Simolawang, Surabaya

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizah Ajeng Pratiwi ◽  
Triska Susila Nindya
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background: Obesity in women with low socioeconomic status is easily found in slum area. Low socioeconomic status can have an impact on dietary changes, such as snacking that are known to be the cause of obesity. In addition to dietary changes, lifestyle changes such as sleep deprivation can also occur due to environmental conditions and job demands. Reduced bedtime will have an impact on health. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of sleep duration and snacking to obesity. Methods: This research was an observational analytical with cross sectional design. The sample was 70 married women aged 20-55 years in Simolawang, Simokerto Distict, Surabaya. Selection of smaple was using multistage random sampling. The data were collected by interview method with questionnaire to collect respondent characteristics data and sleep duration. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was conducted to determine the snacking habits. Chi square test was used in the statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: The data showed that  54.3% of respondents rarely consumed snack and 50% of them had sleep less time. The sleep duration had a significant association with obesity (p=0.009). In addition, snacking habits and obesity also showed a significant relationship (p=0.004).Conclusions: It is necessary to reduce the consumption of snacks and improve sleep time which is 7 hours per night to prevent obesity.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Obesitas pada wanita dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah banyak ditemui di permukiman padat. Rendahnya status sosial ekonomi dapat berdampak pada perubahan pola makan, seperti kebiasaan konsumsi camilan yang diketahui menjadi penyebab obesitas. Selain perubahan pola makan, perubahan gaya hidup seperti berkurangnya waktu tidur juga dapat terjadi karena kondisi lingkungan maupun tuntutan pekerjaan. Berkurangnya waktu tidur akan berdampak pada kesehatan.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan konsumsi camilan dan durasi waktu tidur dengan obesitas pada ibu rumah tangga di permukiman padat penduduk. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah 70 wanita yang sudah menikah berusia 20-55 tahun di Kelurahan Simolawang Kecamatan Simokerto, Surabaya. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan multistage random sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner untuk mendapatkan data karakteristik responden dan durasi waktu tidur. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan konsumsi camilan. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi square (a=0,05).Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 54,3% responden jarang mengonsumsi camilan dan 50% responden memiliki waktu tidur yang kurang. Durasi waktu tidur memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kondisi obesitas (p=0,009). Selain itu kebiasaan konsumsi camilan dan obesitas juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,004).Kesimpulan: Diperlukan adanya pembatasan konsumsi camilan dan tidur dengan durasi waktu cukup, yaitu 7 jam per malam untuk mencegah terjadinya obesitas.

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

Intertemporal impulsivity can also arise from persistent failure of long-term plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisheeth Srivastava ◽  
Narayanan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Intertemporal Discounting ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Failures

AbstractWe suggest that steep intertemporal discounting in individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES) may arise as a rational metacognitive adaptation to experiencing planning and control failures in long-term plans. Low SES individuals' plans fail more frequently because they operate close to budgetary boundaries, in turn because they consistently operate with limited budgets of money, status, trust, or other forms of social utility.

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