scholarly journals Interstate disparities in the performances in combatting COVID-19 in India: efficiency estimates across states

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrabanti Maity ◽  
Nandini Ghosh ◽  
Ummey Rummana Barlaskar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Long Run

Abstract Background Currently, the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic poses the greatest global health threat worldwide, and India is no exception. As an overpopulated developing country, it is very difficult to maintain social distancing to restrict the spread of the disease in India. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to examine India’s interstate performances to combat COVID-19. This study aims to explore twin objectives: to investigate the comparative efficiency of Indian states to combat COVID-19 and to unfold the factors responsible for interstate disparities in the efficiency in combatting COVID-19. Methods The stochastic production frontier model was utilized for data analysis. The empirical analysis was facilitated by the inefficiency effects model, revealing the factors that influence interstate variability in disease management efficiency. Three types of variables, namely, output, inputs, and exogenous, were used to measure health system efficiency. The relevant variables were compiled from secondary sources. The recovery rate from COVID-19 was the output variable and health infrastructures were considered as the input variable. On the contrary, the non-health determinants considered to have a strong influence on the efficiency of states’ disease management, but could not be considered as input variables, were recognised as exogenous variables. These exogenous variables were specifically used for the inefficiency analysis. Results The empirical results demonstrated the existence of disparities across Indian states in the level of efficiency in combatting COVID-19. A non-trivial outcome of this study was that Tamil Nadu was the best performer and Manipur was the worst performer of the investigated states. Variables such as elderly people, sex ratio, literacy rate, population density, influenced the efficiency of states, and thus, affected the recovery rate. Conclusion This study argues for the efficient utilisation of the existing health infrastructures in India. Simultaneously, the study suggests improving the health infrastructure to achieve a long-run benefit.

scholarly journals Interstate Disparities in the Performances in Combatting COVID-19 in India: Efficiency Estimates Across States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrabanti Maity ◽  
Nandini Ghosh ◽  
Ummey Rummana Barlaskar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Stochastic Production Frontier ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Long Run

Abstract Background:Currently, the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic poses the greatest global health threat worldwide, and India is no exception. As an overpopulated developing country, it is very difficult to maintain social distancing to restrict the spread of the disease in India. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to examine India’s interstate performances to combat COVID-19. This study aims to explore twin objectives: to investigate the comparative efficiency of Indian states to combat COVID-19 and to unfold the factors responsible for interstate disparities in the efficiency in combatting COVID-19.Methods:The stochastic production frontier model was utilized for data analysis. The empirical analysis was facilitated by the inefficiency effects model, revealing the factors that influence interstate variability in disease management efficiency. Three types of variables, namely, output, inputs, and exogenous, were used to measure health system efficiency. The relevant variables were compiled from secondary sources. The recovery rate from COVID-19 was the output variable and health infrastructures were considered as the input variable. On the contrary, the non-health determinants considered to have a strong influence on the efficiency of states’ disease management, but could not be considered as input variables, were recognised as exogenous variables. These exogenous variables were specifically used for the inefficiency analysis. Results:The empirical results demonstrated the existence of disparities across Indian states in the level of efficiency in combatting COVID-19. A non-trivial outcome of this study was that Tamil Nadu was the best performer and Manipur was the worst performer of the investigated states. Variables such as elderly people, sex ratio, literacy rate, population density, influenced the efficiency of states, and thus, affected the recovery rate. Conclusion:This study argues for the efficient utilisation of the existing health infrastructures in India. Simultaneously, the study suggests improving the health infrastructure to achieve a long-run benefit.

Determinants of Workers’ Remittances in Nepal: An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
Naw Raj Bhatt ◽  
Melina Kharel
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
External Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Remittance has a crucial role in external sector stability, poverty eradication, and social as well as the human development of developing countries like Nepal. The determinants of remittance are widely discussed in the existing works of literature from altruism and portfolio approaches. Since the share of remittance in the current account, current transfer income, and forex reserve is significantly high, the study of major determinants of increasing remittance inflow is necessary. In this regard, this paper examines the relationship between remittance inflow, exchange rate, and workers outflow in Nepal. Objective: The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of the exchange rate and workers outflow on the remittance inflow of Nepal. Methods: This study employs the ARDL approach to co-integration to examine the relationship between remittance inflow as an endogenous variable and exchange rate and workers outflow as exogenous variables. Results: The coefficients of the exchange rate and workers outflow are significant and positive in long run as well as in the short-run whereas coefficients of the first lag value of workers outflow and remittance inflow itself are significant but negative. Conclusion: The significant and positive coefficient of exchange rate indicates that depreciation of Nepalese currency with US dollar (or rise in the exchange rate) rises the remittance inflow. Further, the remittance inflow also increases with an increase in workers outflow. The effect of the exchange rate on remittance is greater than that of workers outflow in both the long-run and short-run.

scholarly journals A Study on the Economic Contribution of Milk Production in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
S A Shamsudeen Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Special Trait ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives

Animal cultivation and dairying assume an imperative job in the rural economy of India. It is a necessary subordinate to crop production. Dairy cooperatives and private dairies are assuming significant job to improve the milk production in various districts of India. Growth of milk production is formed by socio-economic, innovative, and institutional components, which act both on the demand and the inventory sides. The demand-related economic factors which impact milk production incorporate per capita income, populace growth, urbanization, cost of milk, and its substitutes, income-use versatility, and utilization pattern. The special trait of the Indian dairy industry is that heft of milk production in our nation is dealt with by little milk producers who are unskilled and insensible of economic parts of milk production brave is a safe path and eventual fate of our neural development and turned into a business endeavor. It can contribute generously to a farmer’s income. His method for looking to the challenging has not been changed from auxiliary to business. This issue truly lessen the production possibilities of animals, particularly cross breeds as they sand progressively defenseless to ailments, hardships, and contingencies impossible to miss to the Indian atmosphere. Be that as it may, there is little proof accessible on how much the farmers and the country lose because of animal infections. The reproductive capacity the animal, a significant worry in its economic misfortunes to farmers’ an incentive in dairy farming, is as often as possible identified with periparturient occasions as unwanted health identified with occasions during this period may result in tremendous economic misfortunes to farmers. Before the finish of development in dairy makes gigantic demands for vitality, protein is with the end goal that it happens at the most productive time of a lactating animal. Tamil Nadu is one of the states with a decent potential for milk production, and the private dairies are giving great and healthy rivalry. Dairy cooperatives and private dairies have not just given an organized system to milk marketing to the rural family units, yet also gave the essential specialized information sources like arrangement of manual semen injection, health administrations, and different data sources. Hence, the present study has been done to give an overview of the economic contribution of Milk Production in Tamil Nadu, and the study is completely based on the secondary sources of data collections.

scholarly journals Tax revenue and private domestic investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Richard Umeokwobi ◽  
Emeka Nkoro
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Oil Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of tax revenue on private domestic investment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2018 using the modified ordinary least squares- Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL). The paper used oil revenue, non-oil revenue, and Corporate Income Tax (CIT) as the independent variables while Private Domestic Investment (PDI) is the dependent variable. Oil revenue and non-oil revenue were used as a proxy for oil and non-oil tax. These data were obtained from secondary sources- central Bank of Nigeria, World Bank database and Federal Inland Revenue service statistical bulletin. The result showed that a long-run relationship exists between the aforementioned variables. Also, the paper revealed that oil and non-oil do not have a significant impact on PDI but CIT has a positive and significant impact on PDI. The paper recommends that proper measures/reforms should be put in place in order to reduce the impact of tax on private domestic investment in Nigeria.

Groupon: let's make a deal?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Susan White
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Initial Public Offering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Public Offering ◽  
Media Firms ◽  
Term Performance

Synopsis Groupon, an online coupon company, was one of many companies that considered an initial public offering (IPO) during what might be a second technology/internet/social media IPO boom in 2011. Some companies chose to postpone their IPOs, while others took advantage of the media attention focussed on technology companies, and in particular, social media firms. Should investors hop on the tech IPO bandwagon, or hold off to better evaluate the long-term prospects of tech companies, and in particular social media companies? Would the valuation of Groupon justify an investment in IPO shares? Research methodology The case was researched from secondary sources, using Groupon's IPO filing information, news articles about the IPO and industry research sources, such as IBIS World. Relevant courses and levels This case is appropriate for an advanced undergraduate or MBA corporate finance or investment elective. Most introductory finance classes do not have the time to cover later chapters in a finance textbook, where information about IPOs is generally found. It could also be used at the end of a core finance course, where the instructor wanted to introduce this topic through a case study of a hard-to-value internet-based company to illustrate the difficulties in setting IPO prices. The case could also be used in an equity analysis class, an entrepreneurial finance class or an investment class, to spur discussion about valuing an internet company and choosing appropriate investments for pension fund investing. This case could also be used in a strategy class, focussing on the five forces question, and eliminating the valuation question. Theoretical basis There is a great deal of literature about IPOs and their long-term performance. An excellent source is Jay R. Ritter's research, http://bear.warrington.ufl.edu/ritter, which has a longer time period and more data than could be contained in this case. IPO puzzles include persistent undervaluing of IPOs; in other words, the offer price is lower than, and sometimes substantially lower than, the first day close price. A second issue is the generally poorer long-run performance of companies after their IPO when compared to similar firms that did not do an IPO.

Energy Intensity, Productivity and Pollution Loads: Empirical Evidence from Manufacturing Sector of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Prantik Bagchi ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Pollution Loads

We explain the relationship between energy intensity and productivity for the organized manufacturing sector of India. Using data from the secondary sources, we explain the relationships at aggregate, state and industry levels. The novelty of this paper lies in bringing in pollution loads in explaining inter-industry variations in energy intensity. Results of this study indicate that the organized manufacturing sector of India has gained energy efficiency and productivity. We found heterogeneity among Indian states in productivity growth and energy intensity. The results indicate that small states performed well whereas large states fall in the productivity paradox. The productivity dilemma hypothesis is validated at industry level analysis however, results are inconsistent to validate the decoupling growth hypothesis. Pollution loads as classified by Government of India, plays a vital role in explaining energy intensity variations across industries, which calls for better policies aiming at pollutive industries specifically to achieve sustainable growth for the manufacturing sector of the Indian economy.

scholarly journals Incidence of treatment for postabortion complications in India, 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e002372
Author(s):  
Susheela Singh ◽  
Rubina Hussain ◽  
Chander Shekhar ◽  
Rajib Acharya ◽  
Melissa Stillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Medication Abortion ◽  
Postabortion Care

Abortion has been legal under broad criteria in India since 1971. However, access to legal abortion services remains poor. In the past decade, medication abortion (MA) has become widely available in India and use of this method outside of health facilities accounts for over 70% of all abortions. Morbidity from unsafe abortion remains an important health issue. The informal providers who are the primary source of MA may have poor knowledge of the method and may offer inadequate or inaccurate advice on use of the method. Misuse of the method can result in women seeking treatment for true complications as well as during the normal processes of MA. An estimated 5% of all abortions are done using highly unsafe methods and performed by unskilled providers, also contributing to abortion morbidity. This paper provides new representative abortion-related morbidity measures at the national and subnational levels from a large-scale 2015 study of six Indian states—Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. The outcomes include the number and treatment rates of women with complications resulting from induced abortion and the type of complications. The total number of women treated for abortion complications at the national level is 5.2 million, and the rate is 15.7 per 1000 women of reproductive age per year. In all six study states, a high proportion of all women receiving postabortion care were admitted with incomplete abortion from use of MA—ranging from 33% in Tamil Nadu to 65% in Assam. The paper fills an important gap by providing new evidence that can inform policy-makers and health planners at all levels and lead to improvements in the provision of postabortion care and legal abortion services—improvements that would greatly reduce abortion-related morbidity and its costs to Indian women, their families and the healthcare system.

REGIONAL CONVERGENCE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH DURING POST-REFORM PERIOD IN INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450012 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAGANNATH MALLICK
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Club Convergence ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run

This paper examines the club-convergence and conditional convergence of economic growth of the major 15 states in India over the periods from 1993–1994 to 2004–2005 by using dynamic fixed effect growth models. The result finds that there is club-convergence within the middle income states. There is also evidence of the convergence of per capita income among Indian states by conditioning private investment and public investment along with other factors of economic growth. This paper is innovative in separating the significance of private investment from the public investment in the long-run dynamics of income in Indian states. This paper suggests that regional disparity in income can be reduced by equitable allocation of private investment and equitable distribution of public investment.

Banking outreach, infrastructure development and regional growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harishankar Vidyarthi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Framework ◽  
Long Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics between banking penetration, infrastructure development and regional growth within a multivariate framework in 23 Indian states over the period 2000-2012. Design/methodology/approach The study employs the multivariate panel data framework to analyze the dynamics between banking penetration, infrastructure development and regional growth within the vector error correction model (VECM) framework. Findings The findings confirm the long-run equilibrium relationship between banking penetration, infrastructure and income for the panel. Long-run income elasticity of infrastructure, estimated using Panel dynamic ordinary least square, is positive, statistically significant and has a value of 0.1531. Further, results show bidirectional causality between income and aggregate infrastructure and unidirectional causality running from banking penetration to income and aggregate infrastructure in the long run. However, there is unidirectional causality running from income to banking penetration and aggregate infrastructure and from banking penetration to aggregate infrastructure in the short run. Research limitations/implications The study mainly concentrates on the 2000-2012 period and includes transportation (roadways and railways), energy (including electricity) and telecommunication as indicators for infrastructure, as the data for these sectors are easily available at the state level. Second, this study employs the panel data technique as it has a shorter data count. Practical implications In order to minimize the existing regional disparity in a developing India, national infrastructure policies should be aimed toward improving the overall access to as well as the quality of infrastructure (existing as well as newly planned). Further, widening the banking outreach at the bottom level may further help the economy as well as the infrastructure sector in mobilizing long-term finances for productive investments, in order to have a balanced, more inclusive and faster growth in the long run. Originality/value The study employs panel unit root, cointegration and Granger causality tests within the panel VECM framework to explore the dynamics among the system variables. Further, the study creates a composite index of infrastructure with principle component analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document