scholarly journals Incidence of treatment for postabortion complications in India, 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e002372
Author(s):  
Susheela Singh ◽  
Rubina Hussain ◽  
Chander Shekhar ◽  
Rajib Acharya ◽  
Melissa Stillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Legal Abortion ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Medication Abortion ◽  
Postabortion Care

Abortion has been legal under broad criteria in India since 1971. However, access to legal abortion services remains poor. In the past decade, medication abortion (MA) has become widely available in India and use of this method outside of health facilities accounts for over 70% of all abortions. Morbidity from unsafe abortion remains an important health issue. The informal providers who are the primary source of MA may have poor knowledge of the method and may offer inadequate or inaccurate advice on use of the method. Misuse of the method can result in women seeking treatment for true complications as well as during the normal processes of MA. An estimated 5% of all abortions are done using highly unsafe methods and performed by unskilled providers, also contributing to abortion morbidity. This paper provides new representative abortion-related morbidity measures at the national and subnational levels from a large-scale 2015 study of six Indian states—Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. The outcomes include the number and treatment rates of women with complications resulting from induced abortion and the type of complications. The total number of women treated for abortion complications at the national level is 5.2 million, and the rate is 15.7 per 1000 women of reproductive age per year. In all six study states, a high proportion of all women receiving postabortion care were admitted with incomplete abortion from use of MA—ranging from 33% in Tamil Nadu to 65% in Assam. The paper fills an important gap by providing new evidence that can inform policy-makers and health planners at all levels and lead to improvements in the provision of postabortion care and legal abortion services—improvements that would greatly reduce abortion-related morbidity and its costs to Indian women, their families and the healthcare system.

HOME VISITS DURING THE FIRST MONTH OF DELIVERY FOR RECENTLY DELIVERED WOMEN IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189
Author(s):  
Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy ◽  
Dr. Umakant Prusty ◽  
Dr. Chintamani Nayak ◽  
Dr. Rakesh Dwivedi ◽  
Dr. Mohini Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Other ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Impact

The current article of Uttar Pradesh (UP) is about the ASHAs who are the daughters-in-law of a family that resides in the same community that they serve as the grassroots health worker since 2005 when the NRHM was introduced in the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states. UP is one such Empowered Action Group (EAG) state. The current study explores the actual responses of Recently Delivered Women (RDW) on their visits during the first month of their recent delivery. From the catchment area of each of the 250 ASHAs, two RDWs were selected who had a child in the age group of 3 to 6 months during the survey. The response profiles of the RDWs on the post- delivery first month visits are dwelled upon to evolve a picture representing the entire state of UP. The relevance of the study assumes significance as detailed data on the modalities of postnatal visits are available but not exclusively for the first month period of their recent delivery. The details of the post-delivery first month period related visits are not available even in large scale surveys like National Family Health Survey 4 done in 2015-16. The current study gives an insight in to these visits with a five-point approach i.e. type of personnel doing the visit, frequency of the visits, visits done in a particular week from among those four weeks separately for the three visits separately. The current study is basically regarding the summary of this Penta approach for the post- delivery one-month period.     The first month period after each delivery deals with 70% of the time of the postnatal period & the entire neonatal period. Therefore, it does impact the Maternal Mortality Rate & Ratio (MMR) & the Neonatal Mortality Rates (NMR) in India and especially in UP through the unsafe Maternal & Neonatal practices in the first month period after delivery. The current MM Rate of UP is 20.1 & MM Ratio is 216 whereas the MM ratio is 122 in India (SRS, 2019). The Sample Registration System (SRS) report also mentions that the Life Time Risk (LTR) of a woman in pregnancy is 0.7% which is the highest in the nation (SRS, 2019). This means it is very risky to give birth in UP in comparison to other regions in the country (SRS, 2019). This risk is at the peak in the first month period after each delivery. Similarly, the current NMR in India is 23 per 1000 livebirths (UNIGME,2018). As NMR data is not available separately for states, the national level data also hold good for the states and that’s how for the state of UP as well. These mortalities are the impact indicators and such indicators can be reduced through long drawn processes that includes effective and timely visits to RDWs especially in the first month period after delivery. This would help in making their post-natal & neonatal stage safe. This is the area of post-delivery first month visit profile detailing that the current article helps in popping out in relation to the recent delivery of the respondents.   A total of four districts of Uttar Pradesh were selected purposively for the study and the data collection was conducted in the villages of the respective districts with the help of a pre-tested structured interview schedule with both close-ended and open-ended questions.  The current article deals with five close ended questions with options, two for the type of personnel & frequency while the other three are for each of the three visits in the first month after the recent delivery of respondents. In addition, in-depth interviews were also conducted amongst the RDWs and a total 500 respondents had participated in the study.   Among the districts related to this article, the results showed that ASHA was the type of personnel who did the majority of visits in all the four districts. On the other hand, 25-40% of RDWs in all the 4 districts replied that they did not receive any visit within the first month of their recent delivery. Regarding frequency, most of the RDWs in all the 4 districts received 1-2 times visits by ASHAs.   Regarding the first visit, it was found that the ASHAs of Barabanki and Gonda visited less percentage of RDWs in the first week after delivery. Similarly, the second visit revealed that about 1.2% RDWs in Banda district could not recall about the visit. Further on the second visit, the RDWs responded that most of them in 3 districts except Gonda district did receive the second postnatal visit in 7-15 days after their recent delivery. Less than half of RDWs in Barabanki district & just more than half of RDWs in Gonda district received the third visit in 15-21 days period after delivery. For the same period, the majority of RDWs in the rest two districts responded that they had been entertained through a home visit.

Systemic Participatory Action Research and Learning within Large-Scale Operational Programs to Eradicate Bonded Labor in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-159
Author(s):  
Pauline Oosterhoff ◽  
Danny Burns
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Methodological Innovation ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Bonded Labor

This paper describes the implementation of a large-scale systemic participatory action research program which was designed to encourage community-based solutions to bonded labor in India. The program focuses on workers in brick kilns and stone quarries and, to some extent, on sex workers in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and on cotton-mill workers in Tamil Nadu. It runs in parallel to programmatic interventions by local NGOs. The paper looks at the methodological challenges of fully engaging a mostly illiterate, extremely marginalized population on a highly political and complex issue in order to generate community-led solutions, and the process of taking that to scale. The program resulted in extensive methodological innovation and substantive changes to the lives of villagers.

scholarly journals Impact of large-scale organic conversion on food production and food security in two Indian states, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Panneerselvam ◽  
John Erik Hermansen ◽  
Niels Halberg ◽  
P. Murali Arthanari
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Organic System

AbstractThe millions of food insecure people in India are not solely due to inadequate food production, but also because some people are simply too poor to buy food. This study assessed how a large-scale conversion from conventional to organic production would impact on the economics of marginal and small farmers in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh, and on the total food production in these states. This study also considered a situation where fertilizer subsidies would be discontinued, with farmers having to carry the full cost of fertilizer. Results show that conversion to organic improved the economic situation of farmers although food production was reduced by 3–5% in the organic situation. Thus, the estimated economic values were higher in the organic system (5–40% in fertilizer subsidy scenario and 22–132% in no fertilizer subsidy scenario) than in the conventional system, whereas the total state-level food productions were lowered by 3–5% in the organic compared to the conventional system. Food production was higher when rainfed, and lower in the irrigated situation in the large-scale organic scenario. Although the study addresses short-term perspectives of large-scale conversion to organic farming, more research is needed to understand the long-term impact of organic conversion on food production, nutrient supply, food security and poverty reduction.

Inclusiveness and the Progress of Indian States: Evidence from Inclusive Development Index Between 2011 and 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110086
Author(s):  
Suresh Chand Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Simple Average

This article examines the progress of the Indian states in inclusiveness between 2011 and 2018, based on the “Inclusive Development Index” (IDI), which includes many important aspects of the economy and people. The study has followed the broad guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development—OECD (2008) to construct IDI, and it is based on two pillars of growth—the process and the outcome. The index includes 26 sub-pillars represented by 104 indicators. The weights of the indicators are obtained separately for 2011 and 2018 by applying the principal component analysis at the indicator level, and then a simple average has been computed at the sub-pillar and pillar levels to obtain the composite IDI for the 19 major Indian states. The composite IDI shows that in 2018, while the most inclusive states are Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Kerala, the least inclusive are the states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh (UP), Madhya Pradesh (MP), Assam, Jharkhand and Bihar. The performance of the states, however, varies among pillars, sub-pillars and indicators in both 2011 and 2018. The study may help the states to identify their spheres of “low” performance and learn from their “front-runner” peers, so as to take the necessary policy initiatives.

scholarly journals Does Causation hold for Panel Data in between SDP and NTR among Indian States?

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Alok Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Indian Economy

Inadequate revenue sources, uncontrolled growth of current expenditures and failure of central transfers to grow as fast as the states ‘own revenues’ have been the major sources of fiscal imbalance at states level. The existence of nexus in between NTR and SDP can be examined in several ways like growth rates relating to SDP and NTR, proportion of NTR to SDP, several policies relating to accelerate SDP and NTR, etc. So far as inter-state non-tax revenue and state domestic product in India is concerned, limited studies have been done. Present study tries to explore the stationarity and cointigration between Non Tax Revenue and State Domestic Product of twenty major states of Indian federal system in panel data structure for the period 1980-81 to 2011-12.The objectives of the study are: to test the panel stationary of Domestic Production and Non Tax Revenue of the major states of the Indian federal system for the period 1980-81 to 2011-12 in terms of total and growth rate and to test the panel cointegration in between SDP and NTR for the Indian federal system of twenty major states state for the period 1980-81 to 2011-12 in terms of total and growth rate. In the present study data has been taken from Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy and State Finance for twenty major states; Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh (Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy 2011-12).In the present study, LLC (2002) and IPS (2003) tests of stationarity have been used. Kao (1999) test of panel cointegration shows that the SDP and NTR and NTR and SDP for the twenty states for the period under study are cointegrable. The results of the study suggest that state domestic product of the states are causing the non tax revenue of the states  and  the non tax revenue of the states  are also causing state domestic product of the states for Indian federal system.

scholarly journals Temporal evolution of COVID-19 in the states of India using SIQR Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
National Average ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Second Wave

ABSTRACTCOVID 19 entered during the last week of April 2020 in India has caused 3,546 deaths with 1,13,321 number of reported cases. Indian government has taken many proactive steps, including strict lockdown of the entire nation for more than 50 days, identification of hotspots, app-based tracking of citizens to track infected. This paper investigated the evolution of COVID 19 in five states of India (Maharashtra, UP, Gujrat, Tamil Nadu, and Delhi) from 1st April 2020 to 20th May 2020. Variation of doubling rate and reproduction number (from SIQR) with time is used to analyse the performance of the majorly affected Indian states. It has been determined that Uttar Pradesh is one of the best performers among five states with the doubling rate crossing 18 days as of 20th May. Tamil Nadu has witnessed the second wave of infections during the second week of May. Maharashtra is continuously improving at a steady rate with its doubling rate reaching to 12.67 days. Also these two states are performing below the national average in terms of infection doubling rate. Gujrat and Delhi have reported the doubling rate of 16.42 days and 15.49 days respectively. Comparison of these states has also been performed based on time-dependent reproduction number. Recovery rate of India has reached to 40 % as the day paper is written.

Multi-dimensional public–private partnership readiness index: a sub-national analysis of India

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Malik ◽  
Simrit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
National Level ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
State Level ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Analysis

Purpose Despite being a global public–private partnerships (PPPs) leader, India faces a vast PPP divide at a sub-national level, wherein a few states receive the majority of PPP projects, whereas other states face severe issues in attracting PPP investments. This necessitates the identification of factors that make some states attractive to PPP investors. The purpose of this study is to construct a “PPP readiness index” at the Indian state-level, which aims to assess the readiness of states for the diffusion of PPPs. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative method on secondary data, the study scores 17 Indian states on dimensions such as experience with PPPs, physical infrastructure, financial sector development, market conditions, institutional quality and political stability and fiscal constraints for each of the years during 2009–2018. Principal component analysis is used for assigning weights to the dimensions, thereby arriving at the composite index. Findings Results highlight that Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra offer the most favorable environment for PPPs to flourish. In contrast, Jharkhand and Bihar are laggards because they score the least and have limited PPP experience. Practical implications The index will assist the private sector in conducting a comparative analysis between state-specific PPP arrangements, thereby enabling them to make informed decisions prior to forging PPP arrangements. Further, the index will help the state governments in improving their PPP readiness by following the policies of the leading states. Social implications Improvement in PPP readiness of the states will enable higher PPP investments in infrastructure, thereby reducing infrastructure deficits. This, in turn, will lead to economic growth, development and an improvement in the quality of life. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that comprehensively analyzes the PPP readiness at a sub-national level in India.

scholarly journals Tracking the spread of COVID-19 in India via social networks in the early phase of the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Azad ◽  
Sushma Devi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
National Level ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Influential Node ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has spread worldwide via international travel. This study traced its diffusion from the global to national level and identified a few superspreaders that played a central role in the transmission of this disease in India. Data and methods We used the travel history of infected patients from 30 January to 6 April 6 2020 as the primary data source. A total of 1386 cases were assessed, of which 373 were international and 1013 were national contacts. The networks were generated in Gephi software (version 0.9.2). Results The maximum numbers of connections were established from Dubai (degree 144) and the UK (degree 64). Dubai’s eigenvector centrality was the highest that made it the most influential node. The statistical metrics calculated from the data revealed that Dubai and the UK played a crucial role in spreading the disease in Indian states and were the primary sources of COVID-19 importations into India. Based on the modularity class, different clusters were shown to form across Indian states, which demonstrated the formation of a multi-layered social network structure. A significant increase in confirmed cases was reported in states like Tamil Nadu, Delhi and Andhra Pradesh during the first phase of the nationwide lockdown, which spanned from 25 March to 14 April 2020. This was primarily attributed to a gathering at the Delhi Religious Conference known as Tabliqui Jamaat. Conclusions COVID-19 got induced into Indian states mainly due to International travels with the very first patient travelling from Wuhan, China. Subsequently, the contacts of positive cases were located, and a significant spread was identified in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Kerala and Karnataka. The COVID-19’s spread in phase one was traced using the travelling history of the patients, and it was found that most of the transmissions were local.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of Excess Mortality in India During the Covid-19 Pandemic (Update August 4, 2021).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T Leffler ◽  
Joseph D. Lykins ◽  
Edward Yang
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Indian States ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background. As both testing for SARS Cov-2 and death registrations are incomplete or not yet available in many countries, the full impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is currently unknown in many world regions. Methods. We studied the Covid-19 and all-cause mortality in 18 Indian states (combined population of 1.26 billion) with available all-cause mortality data during the pandemic for the entire state or for large cities: Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Assam, Bihar, Odisha, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh. Excess mortality was calculated by comparison with available data from years 2015-2019. The known Covid-19 deaths reported by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering for a state were assumed to be accurate, unless excess mortality data suggested a higher toll during the pandemic. Data from Uttar Pradesh were not included in the final model due to anomalies. Results. In several regions, fewer deaths were registered in 2020 than expected. The excess mortality in Mumbai (in Maharashtra) in 2020 was 137.0 / 100K. Areas in Tamil Nadu, Kolkata (in West Bengal), Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh saw spikes in mortality in the spring of 2021. Conclusions. The pandemic-related mortality through June 30, 2021 in 17 Indian states was estimated to be 132.9 to 194.4 per 100,000 population. If these rates apply to India as a whole, then between 1.80 to 2.63 million people may have perished in India as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic by June 30, 2021. This per-capita mortality rate is similar to that in the United States and many other regions.

scholarly journals Spousal Separation and Use of and Unmet Need for Contraception in Nepal: Results Based on a 2016 Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Mehata ◽  
Yuba Raj Paudel ◽  
Amit Dhungel ◽  
Mohan Paudel ◽  
Janak Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
National Level ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cohabiting Couples

Nepal is facing a large-scale labour migration—both internal and international—driven by economic and employment opportunities. There is sparse literature available at the national level which examines the link between migration and contraceptive use. This study aimed at identifying contraceptive use and the unmet need for family planning (FP) and exploring its correlates among the married women of reproductive age (MWRA) by their husbands’ residence status, using data from Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2016–a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling in rural and a three-stage sampling in urban areas were used to select the sampling clusters, and data from 11,040 households were analyzed. Reported values were weighted by sample weights to provide national-level estimates. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was calculated using multiple logistic regressions using complex survey design, considering clusters, and stratification by ecological zones. All analyses were performed using Stata 15.0. Among the total MWRA, 53% were using a contraceptive method, whereas the proportion of contraceptive use among the cohabiting couple was 68%. The unmet need for contraceptive use was 10% among cohabiting couples and 50% among the noncohabiting couples. Contraceptive use was significantly low among the women reporting an induced abortion in the last five years and whose husbands were currently away. A strong negative association of spousal separation with contraceptive use was observed (aOR:0.14; p<0.001) after controlling other covariates, whereas a positive association was observed with the unmet need (aOR:8.00; p<0.001). Cohabiting couples had a significantly higher contraceptive use and lower unmet need compared with the couples living apart. Between 2006 and 2016, contraceptive use increased by 1% per year among cohabiting couples, although this increase is hugely attributable to the use of traditional methods, compared with modern methods. The labour migration being a significant and indispensable socioeconomic phenomenon for Nepal, it is necessary to monitor fertility patterns and contraceptive use by cohabitation status in order to ensure that the national family planning interventions are targeted to address the contraceptive and fertility needs of the migrant couples.

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