scholarly journals Economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of universal varicella vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjiri Pawaskar ◽  
Estelle Méroc ◽  
Salome Samant ◽  
Elmira Flem ◽  
Goran Bencina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Background Though the disease burden of varicella in Europe has been reported previously, the economic burden is still unknown. This study estimated the economic burden of varicella in Europe in the absence of Universal Varicella Vaccination (UVV) in 2018 Euros from both payer (direct costs) and societal (direct and indirect costs) perspectives. Methods We estimated the country specific and overall annual costs of varicella in absence of UVV in 31 European countries (27 EU countries, plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom). To obtain country specific unit costs and associated healthcare utilization, we conducted a systematic literature review, searching in PubMed, EMBASE, NEED, DARE, REPEC, Open Grey, and public heath websites (1/1/1999–10/15/2019). The number of annual varicella cases, deaths, outpatient visits and hospitalizations were calculated (without UVV) based on age-specific incidence rates (Riera-Montes et al. 2017) and 2018 population data by country. Unit cost per varicella case and disease burden data were combined using stochastic modeling to estimate 2018 costs stratified by country, age and healthcare resource. Results Overall annual total costs associated with varicella were estimated to be €662,592,061 (Range: €309,552,363 to €1,015,631,760) in Europe in absence of UVV. Direct and indirect costs were estimated at €229,076,206 (Range €144,809,557 to €313,342,856) and €433,515,855 (Range €164,742,806 to €702,288,904), respectively. Total cost per case was €121.45 (direct: €41.99; indirect: €79.46). Almost half of the costs were attributed to cases in children under 5 years, owing mainly to caregiver work loss. The distribution of costs by healthcare resource was similar across countries. France and Germany accounted for 49.28% of total annual costs, most likely due to a combination of high numbers of cases and unit costs in these countries. Conclusions The economic burden of varicella across Europe in the absence of UVV is substantial (over 600 M€), primarily driven by caregiver burden including work productivity losses.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on the distribution of the costs associated with cancer of prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cebisile Ngcamphalala ◽  
Ellinor Ostensson ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Despite the well-documented information on cancer prevention and management, among noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), globally, cancer continues to be the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality with devastating economic consequences. The burden is disproportionately more among developing countries and the extent of evidence available on the economic consequences (direct and indirect costs) of cancer remains unknown in low-income countries particularly in the sub-Saharan region. Understanding the costs of illness is important to inform decision-making on setting up health care policies and informing economic evaluation of interventions. This study aims to map evidence on the distribution of the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) associated with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of three predominant cancers: prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINHAL (via EBSCOhost platform), Science Direct, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Africa-Wide Information, Google Scholar, and WHO Library. We will perform hand-searching of the reference lists of included studies and other relevant documents. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. We will include primary studies from all study designs reporting costs associated with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., thematic analysis) methods. A narrative summary of findings will be presented. Discussion This review will map the extent of information available on the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Further guidance for future research in the subject area will be discussed. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework

scholarly journals Economic Burden Associated with Head Louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) Infestation in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba SALIMI ◽  
Abedin SAGHAFIPOUR ◽  
Hadi HAMIDI PARSA ◽  
Majid KHOSRAVI
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Head Louse ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Louse Infestation ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Head Louse Infestation ◽  
Care System

Background: The head louse infestation is a public health issue in the world especially, affecting most people who live in camps, school-aged children and their families. Head lice treatment has economic ramifications that often under calculated. The aim of this study was evaluation of economic burden associated with head louse infestation in Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 500,002 infestations were diagnosed among suspected head lice infested people who referred to health care system in all provinces of Iran during 2017. Direct and indirect costs related to paid by patients and government systems were extracted by referring to accounting documents and interviews with patients and experts and were recorded in researcher-made forms. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for economic burden calculation. Results: The incidence rate of head lice infestation in Iran was 500,002/79,926,270 (625.5 per 100,000 populations). Economic burden of head lice in the country was calculated at 5,790,143$. Direct and indirect costs, governmental cost, out of pocket and total costs of head lice were included 3.14$, 2.84$, 5.98$, 5.60$ and 11.58$ per case respectively. Conclusion: The direct and indirect costs associated with treatment of infestations were relatively high. Therefore, the creation of medical facilities such as availability of diagnostic and treatment strategies can be effective in the control of infestation. The adoption of infestation prevention methods, such as health education to people at risk of infestation, reduces the incidence of head lice and imposition of related treatment costs on governmental health care system and head lice cases.

Economic burden of medication-overuse headache in Iran: direct and indirect costs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Togha ◽  
Fatemeh Nadjafi-Semnani ◽  
Fahimeh Martami ◽  
Zahra Mohammadshirazi ◽  
Niusha Vahidpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Medication Overuse ◽  
Medication Overuse Headache ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

scholarly journals Economic burden of Eating disorders in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Min Lee ◽  
Minha Hong ◽  
Saengryeol Park ◽  
Won Sub Kang ◽  
In-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Prevalence

Abstract Objective Few studies have investigated the epidemiology of eating disorders using national representative data. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea.Method The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden of diagnosed eating disorders (ICD F50.x) over a six-year period between 2010 and 2015, in South Korea. The direct medical cost, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs resulting from eating disorders were estimated in order to calculate the economic burden of such disorders.Results The total prevalence was 12.02 people (per 100,000) in 2010, and 13.28 in 2015. The economic cost of eating disorders was estimated to be USD5,727,843 in 2010 and USD5,338,752 in 2015. The economic cost and prevalence of eating disorders was the highest in the 20–29 age group.Conclusion The results showed the eating disorders are insufficiently managed in the medical insurance system. The further research is warranted to better understand the economic burdens of each eating disorders.

scholarly journals The economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Krueger ◽  
VK Noonan ◽  
LM Trenaman ◽  
P Joshi ◽  
CS Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Initial Hospitalization

Introduction The purpose of this study is to estimate the current lifetime economic burden of traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) in Canada from a societal perspective, including both direct and indirect costs, using an incidence-based approach. Methods Available resource use and cost information for complete/incomplete tetraplegia and paraplegia was applied to the estimated annual incidence of tSCI, by severity, in Canada. Results The estimated lifetime economic burden per individual with tSCI ranges from $1.5 million for incomplete paraplegia to $3.0 million for complete tetraplegia. The annual economic burden associated with 1389 new persons with tSCI surviving their initial hospitalization is estimated at $2.67 billion. Conclusion While the number of injuries per year in Canada is relatively small, the annual economic burden is substantial.

scholarly journals Economic burden of Huntington’s disease in Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Silva-Paredes ◽  
Rosa M. Urbanos-Garrido ◽  
Miguel Inca-Martinez ◽  
Danielle Rabinowitz ◽  
Mario R. Cornejo-Olivas
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

Abstract Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive disability, and over time to total dependence. The economic impact of HD on patients living in developing countries like Peru is still unknown. This study aims to estimate the economic burden by estimating direct and indirect costs of Huntington’s disease in Peru, as well as the proportion of direct costs borne by patients and their families. Methods Disease-cost cross-sectional study where 97 participants and their primary caregivers were interviewed using a common questionnaire. Prevalence and human capital approaches were used to estimate direct and indirect costs, respectively. Results The average annual cost of HD reached USD 8120 per patient in 2015. Direct non-healthcare costs represented 78.3% of total cost, indirect costs 14.4% and direct healthcare costs the remaining 7.3%. The mean cost of HD increased with the degree of patient dependency: from USD 6572 for Barthel 4 & 5 (slight dependency and total independency, respectively) to USD 23,251 for Barthel 1 (total dependency). Direct costs were primarily financed by patients and their families. Conclusions The estimated annual cost of HD for Peruvian society reached USD 1.2 million in 2015. The cost impact of HD on patients and their families is very high, becoming catastrophic for most dependent patients, and thus making it essential to prioritize full coverage by the State.

Costs of district hospitals in South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440
Author(s):  
Abiodun Olukoga ◽  
Geoff Harris
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
District Health ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
District Hospitals

The district hospitals are an integral part of the district health system (DHS) in South Africa fulfilling several important functions. Using data obtained from relevant published reports. The district hospital costs were allocated using the ‘ingredients approach’ that combined a top-down method and step-down sequence. The costs in the treatment of patients were grouped into six cost centres: buildings, drugs, equipment, materials, personnel and utilities. The unit costs were broadly grouped into two categories using the hospital departments (fixed and variable costs) and input use (direct and indirect costs). More than 30% of the total public expenditure on hospitals in the country was on district hospitals between 1996/97 and 1998/99. They had more beds per population (1.08/1000) than other public hospitals. The bed occupancy rates in these hospitals were generally very low varying between 57% and 75%. The average length of stay (ALOS) was within acceptable range in the hospital except in Osindisweni hospital. Personnel costs were more than 70% and drugs only 3% to 6% of the total costs. McCord hospital was the most expensive using total and unit costs. Harrismith hospital had the lowest total costs and Osindisweni hospital the lowest unit cost. Most of the costs were fixed or direct costs in all the hospitals. There is the need for the adoption of measures to ensure that the hospitals are efficiently run while maintaining access for vulnerable groups.

The estimation of the economic burden of measles in terms of direct and indirect costs per case

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Svihrova ◽  
Maria Szilagyiova ◽  
Iveta Waczulikova ◽  
Elena Novakova ◽  
Henrieta Hudeckova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs

scholarly journals Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases before and after Iran’s health transformation plan: evidence from a referral hospital of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Alipour ◽  
Hamed Zandian ◽  
Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi ◽  
Leili Avesta ◽  
Telma Zahirian Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Different countries have set different policies to control and decrease the costs of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Iran was aiming to reduce the economic burden of different disease by a recent reform from named as health transformation plan (HTP). This study aimed to examine the economic burden of CVDs before and after of HTP. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 patients with CVDs, who were randomly selected from a specialized cardiovascular hospital in the north-west of Iran. Direct and indirect costs of CVDs were calculated using the cost of illness and human capital approaches. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist obtained from several sources including structured interviews, the Statistical Center of Iran, Iran’s Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, the central bank of Iran, and the data of global burden of disease obtained from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to estimate direct and mortality costs. All costs were calculated in Iranian Rials (IRR). Results Total costs of CVDs were about 5571 and 6700 billion IRR before and after the HTP, respectively. More than 62% of the total costs of CVDs accounted for premature death before (64.89%) and after (62.01%) the HTP. The total hospitalization costs of CVDs was significantly increased after the HTP (p = 0.038). In both times, surgical services and visiting had the highest and lowest share of hospitalization costs, respectively. The OOP expenditure decreased significantly and reached from 54.2 to 36.7%. All hospitalization costs, except patients’ OOP expenditure, were significantly increased after the HTP about 1.3 times. Direct non-medical costs reached from 2.4 to 3.3 billion before and after the HTP, respectively. Conclusion Economic burden of CVDs increased in the north-west of Iran after the HTP due to the increase of all direct and indirect costs, except the OOP expenditure. Non-allocation of defined resources, which coincided with the international and national political and economic challenges in Iran, led to unsustainable resources of the HTP. So, no results of this study can be attributed solely to the HTP. Therefore, more detailed studies should be carried out on the reasons for the significant increase in CVDs costs in the region.

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