Economic burden of Eating disorders in South Korea

Abstract Objective Few studies have investigated the epidemiology of eating disorders using national representative data. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea.Method The aim of this study was to estimate the disease burden of diagnosed eating disorders (ICD F50.x) over a six-year period between 2010 and 2015, in South Korea. The direct medical cost, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs resulting from eating disorders were estimated in order to calculate the economic burden of such disorders.Results The total prevalence was 12.02 people (per 100,000) in 2010, and 13.28 in 2015. The economic cost of eating disorders was estimated to be USD5,727,843 in 2010 and USD5,338,752 in 2015. The economic cost and prevalence of eating disorders was the highest in the 20–29 age group.Conclusion The results showed the eating disorders are insufficiently managed in the medical insurance system. The further research is warranted to better understand the economic burdens of each eating disorders.

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Economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-47966/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sang Min Lee ◽

Minha Hong ◽

Saengryeol Park ◽

Won Sub Kang ◽

In-Hwan Oh

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

South Korea ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Medical Expenditures ◽

Medical Expenditure ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Total Economic Cost ◽

The Cost

Abstract BackgroundFew studies have investigated the epidemiology of eating disorders using national representative data. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea.MethodsThe aim of this study was to estimate the medical expenditure of diagnosed eating disorders (ICD F50.x) in South Korea between 2010 and 2015. We also examined the economic costs of eating disorders, including the direct medical cost, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs, in order to calculate the economic burden of such disorders.ResultsThe total prevalence of eating disorders in South Korea was 12.02 people (per 100 000) in 2010, and 13.28 in 2015. The cost of medical expenditures due to eating disorders increased from USD 1 229 724 in 2010 to USD 1 843 706 in 2015. The total economic cost of eating disorders was USD 5 455 626 in 2015. In 2015, the economic cost and prevalence of eating disorders was the highest in the 20–29 age group.ConclusionsThe results showed the eating disorders are insufficiently managed in the medical insurance system. Further research is therefore warranted to better understand the economic burdens of each type of eating disorder.

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Economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea

Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1186/s40337-021-00385-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sang Min Lee ◽

Minha Hong ◽

Saengryeol Park ◽

Won Sub Kang ◽

In-Hwan Oh

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

South Korea ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Medical Expenditure ◽

Treatment Prevalence ◽

Total Economic Cost ◽

Total Treatment ◽

The Cost

Abstract Background Few studies have investigated the epidemiology of eating disorders using national representative data. In this study, we investigated the treatment prevalence and economic burden of eating disorders in South Korea. Methods The aim of this study was to estimate the treatment prevalence and the medical expenditure of diagnosed eating disorders (ICD F50.x) in South Korea between 2010 and 2015. We also examined the economic costs of eating disorders, including the direct medical cost, direct non-medical costs, and indirect costs, in order to calculate the economic burden of such disorders. Results The total treatment prevalence of eating disorders in South Korea was 12.02 people (per 100,000) in 2010, and 13.28 in 2015. The cost of medical expenditures due to eating disorders increased from USD 1229724 in 2010 to USD 1843706 in 2015. The total economic cost of eating disorders was USD 5455626 in 2015. In 2015, the economic cost and prevalence of eating disorders was the highest in the 20–29 age group. Conclusions The results showed the eating disorders are insufficiently managed in the medical insurance system. Further research is therefore warranted to better understand the economic burdens of each type of eating disorder.

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The National Economic Burden of Rare Disease in United States in 2019

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1046815/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Grace Yang ◽

Inna Cintina ◽

Anne Pariser ◽

Elisabeth Oehrlein ◽

Jamie Sullivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Disease ◽

Direct Medical Cost ◽

Medical Cost ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Claims Data ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Hospital Inpatient ◽

Care Providers ◽

National Economic

Abstract Background: To provide a comprehensive assessment of the total economic burden of rare diseases (RD) in the U.S. in 2019.We followed a prevalence-based approach that combined the prevalence of 379 RDs with the per-capita direct medical and indirect costs, to derive the national economic burden by patient age and type of RD. To estimate prevalence and the direct medical cost of RD, we used claims data from three sources: Medicare 5% Standard Analytical File, Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System, and Optum claims data for the privately insured. To estimate indirect and non-medical cost components, we worked with the rare disease community to design and implement a primary survey.Results: There were an estimated 15.5 million U.S. children (N=1,322,886) and adults (N=14,222,299) with any of the 379 RDs in 2019 with a total economic burden of $997 billion, including a direct medical cost of $449 billion (45%), $437 billion (44%) in indirect costs, and $111 billion (11%) in non-medical costs. The top drivers for excess medical costs associated with RD are hospital inpatient care and prescription medication; the top indirect cost categories are labor market productivity losses due to absenteeism, presenteeism, and forced early retirement.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the scale of the RD economic burden and call for immediate attention from the scientific communities, policy leaders, and other key stakeholders such as health care providers and employers, to think innovatively and collectively, to identify new ways to help improve the care, management, and treatment of these often-devastating diseases.

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Annual prevalence and economic burden of genital warts in Korea: Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) service data from 2007 to 2015

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268817002813 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 146 (2) ◽

pp. 177-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Y. J. PARK ◽

J. M. KIM ◽

B. R. LEE ◽

T. H. KIM ◽

E. G. LEE

Keyword(s):

Health Insurance ◽

Medical Cost ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Anogenital Warts ◽

Annual Prevalence ◽

Service Data

SUMMARYThis study evaluated the annual prevalence of anogenital warts (AGW) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and analysed the trend in annual per cent changes (APC) by using national claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment of Korea, 2007–2015. We also estimated the socio-economic burden and co-morbidities of AGW. All analyses were performed based on data for primary A63.0, the specific diagnosis code for AGW. The socio-economic cost of AGW was calculated based on the direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost and indirect cost. The overall AGW prevalence and socio-economic burden has increased during the last 9 years. However, the prevalence of AGW differed significantly by sex. The female prevalence increased until 2012, and decreased thereafter (APC + 3·6%). It would fall after the introduction of routine HPV vaccination, principally for females, in Korea. The male prevalence increased continuously over time (APC + 11·6%), especially in those aged 20–49 years. Referring to the increasing AGW prevalence and its disease burden, active HPV infection control surveillance and prevention in males are worth consideration.

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Economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey: a cost of illness study from payer perspective

Health Economics Review ◽

10.1186/s13561-021-00322-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Irfan Cicin ◽

Ergun Oksuz ◽

Nuri Karadurmus ◽

Simten Malhan ◽

Mahmut Gumus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Direct Medical Cost ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Medical Cost ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Illness Study

Abstract Background This study was designed to estimate economic burden of lung cancer in Turkey from payer perspective based on expert panel opinion on practice patterns in clinical practice. Methods In this cost of illness study, direct medical cost was calculated based on cost items related to outpatient visits, laboratory and radiological tests, hospitalizations/interventions, drug treatment, adverse events and metastasis. Indirect cost was calculated based on lost productivity due to early retirement, morbidity and premature death resulting from the illness, the value of lost productivity due to time spent by family caregivers and cost of formal caregivers. Results Cost analysis revealed the total per patient annual direct medical cost for small cell lung cancer to be €8772), for non-small-cell lung cancer to be €10,167. Total annual direct medical cost was €497.9 million, total annual indirect medical cost was €1.1 billion and total economic burden of lung cancer was €1.6 billion. Hospitalization/interventions (41%) and indirect costs (68.6%) were the major cost drivers for total direct costs and the overall economic burden of lung cancer, respectively. Conclusions Our findings indicate per patient direct medical costs of small cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer to be substantial and comparable, indicating the substantial economic burden of lung cancer in terms of both direct and indirect costs. Our findings indicate that hospitalization/interventions cost item and indirect costs were the major cost drivers for total direct costs and the overall economic burden of lung cancer, respectively. Our findings emphasize the potential role of improved cancer prevention and early diagnosis strategies, by enabling cost savings related to drug treatment and metastasis management cost items, in sustainability of cancer treatments.

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Economic Burden of Tuberculosis Diabetes Co-Morbidity in Tuberculosis Patients Attending Two Chest Clinics in Lagos State

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/njpr.v16i2.11s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 91-100

Author(s):

F.A. Ayeni ◽

O.O. Oyetunde ◽

B.A. Aina ◽

H.O. Yarah

Keyword(s):

Direct Medical Cost ◽

Medical Cost ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Female Patients ◽

Direct Medical Costs ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Lagos State ◽

Significant Burden

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) three-fold. The cost of accessing care for TB-DM co-morbidity poses a significant burden on patients, as they bear both direct and indirect costs of treatment, mostly of out-of-pocket.Objective: To estimate the direct medical cost of illness in patients with TB-DM co-morbidity in two chest clinics in Lagos State.Materials and Methods: An observational study, carried out in two chest clinics in Lagos State to evaluate direct medical costs associated with TBDM co-morbidity during TB treatment. A semi structured questionnaire, pharmacy price list of drugs and an online transportation service lara.ng was employed to document and quantify prescribed medications, laboratory investigations, number of clinic attendance and attendant transportation costs.Results: Among the participants, 53.8% were females. The mean age was 50.7±9.7 years. The total direct medical and non-medical costs for TBDM management was NGN8,604,819 (USD24,585.20) for the duration of TB treatment. Average cost per patient (CPP) was NGN179,384.85 (USD512.53). This was equivalent to 49.8% of the current national minimum wage. Male patients incurred more mean direct medical cost than female patients (NGN26, 647.90 vs NGN24, 020.40), while female patients incurred more mean direct non-medical costs than the males (NGN22, 314.30 versus NGN13, 041.70). Patients aged 60 years and above incurred the highest mean direct costs compared to other age groups.Conclusion: Direct medical costs are substantial in TBDM co-morbidity and increase with age.

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A social-economic burden of rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with comorbid asthma and influence of dupilumab

Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika ◽

10.37489/2588-0519-2021-3-16-30 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-30

Author(s):

I. S. Krysanov ◽

V. S. Krysanova ◽

V. Yu. Ermakova

Keyword(s):

Medical Cost ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Nasal Polyps ◽

Social Economic ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Biologic Drugs ◽

State Position ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Regions Of Russia

Rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (RwNP) is a one of most common comorbidities in asthma and contrariwise and can lead to exacerbation of severe asthma (SA). Dupilumab is a perspective medicine for treatment of both, because it decreases exacerbations and prevents of a necessity of surgeon. Economics aspects of dupilumab treatment in RwNP + SA are not examined yet. Thus aim of this study was evaluation of social-economic burden of RwNP + SA in the Russian Federation and dupilumab influence on it. Materials and methods. Direct medical (cost of medicines, treatment in outpatients department and in hospital, including surgery and rate of exacerbations per year) and non-medical (payment for temporary and stable disability) and indirect costs (GDP loses) in RwNP + SA patients have been evaluated. Medical cure of a patient with RwNP + SA was created according to survey of experts from different regions of Russia. Modelling of expenditures was prepared on all calculated cohort of potential patients with RwNP + SA from “State” position and growing approach. Results. Expenditures for cure of one patient with RwNP were as 234 217,71 RUR/year. Weighted average costs for one patient with RwNP + SA were 1 881 883,39 RUR, and mostly were associated with indirect costs. Dupilumab can decrease expenditures for one patient with RwNP + SA till 1 593 162,87 RUR (on 15,3 %) annually. Potential cohort with RwNP + SA has been estimated above 39 thousand patients. Total economic burden of RwNP + SA in Russia were estimated as 1,7 bln RUR. Dupilumab usage in patients with RwNP + SA fixed in Register can help decrease economic burden on 259 mln RUR annually. Hidden economic burden of comorbidity can reach 73,4 bln RUR (for all calculated / modelled cohort of patients with RwNP + SA), dupilumab saves 11,3 bln RUR annually in this scenario. Conclusion. Comorbid pathology — RwNP+SA has a sufficient social-economic burden in Russia, that could be decreased by modern biologic drugs, in particular, with dupilumab.

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ANALISA COST OF ILLNESS AKIBAT PENGGUNAAN NSAIDS DI SEBUAH APOTEK DI KOTA MEDAN, INDONESIA

Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung ◽

10.51352/jim.v1i1.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Hari Ronaldo Tanjung ◽

Azmi Sarriff ◽

Urip Harahap

Keyword(s):

Drug Therapy ◽

Direct Medical Cost ◽

Cost Of Illness ◽

Medical Cost ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Undesirable Event ◽

Therapeutic Outcomes ◽

The Cost ◽

Drug Therapy Problems ◽

Pharmacy Setting

Background: A drug therapy problem is any undesirable event experienced by a patient which involves, or is suspected to involve drug therapy and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy. Drug Therapy Problems (DTPs) can lead to ineffective pharmacotherapy and may cause drug-related morbidity and mortality.Objective: The study aimed to estimates the direct medical cost of illness caused by the drug morbidity or mortality related to NSAID utilization in a community pharmacy setting at Medan, Indonesia.Method: Thisstudy used 7 (seven) categories probabilities and costs associated with the therapeutic outcomes to estimate the direct medical cost of illness resulting from morbidity related NSAIDs utilization. Direct non medical costs, indirect costs, and intangible costs related to drug-related-morbidity and mortality were not valued in this cost-of-illness analysis.The duration of the study was from July 2009 to October 2010.Result: The patient that experienced NSAIDs-related morbidity estimated to spend Rp.467.848,- each and Rp.11.696.200,- in total to managing the morbidity. Every Rp.1,- spent on NSAIDs therapy, an additional Rp.1,45,- was estimated to spent in managing morbidity related NSAIDs utilization.Conclusion: This result showed the cost of illnessrelated morbidity of NSAIDs utilization exceeds the cost of the medications themselves

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Estimating the Direct Medical Cost of Syphilis in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-845735/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Zi Gong ◽

Kui Ru Hu ◽

Jun Li ◽

Xia Wan ◽

He Yi Zheng

Keyword(s):

Direct Medical Cost ◽

Medical Cost ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Effective Control ◽

Western Region ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Relative Cost ◽

Direct Medical Costs ◽

The Absolute

Abstract Background Few studies investigating the direct medical cost of syphilis was conducted in developing countries, including China. Methods The main tasks of our study were to estimate the direct medical costs of syphilis in China at subnational level, and to characterize the distribution of the direct medical cost of syphilis in 31 Chinese provincial districts in relation to GDP. Data on medical expenses for syphilis patients diagnosed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) was used to estimate direct medical cost per case, which was then multiplied by the number of newly reported cases of syphilis in China to yield the absolute medical cost for syphilis. Relative costs, defined as the absolute costs in per million of gross domestic product (GDP), was also calculated. Comparisons of direct medical cost represented as absolute cost and relative cost respectively, in different years and different provincial districts were conducted. Gini index was used to characterize the distribution of syphilis cases and direct medical cost of syphilis at provincial level. Results Average cost of patients with follow-up more than 36 month was regarded as the most reasonable estimate of direct medical cost per case, and was obtained as US $ 134.43 in primary syphilis, US $ 119.24 in secondary syphilis, US $ 503.76 in tertiary syphilis and US $ 97.59 in latent syphilis. Absolute medical cost of syphilis in China increased from US $ 11.15 million to US $46.89 million from 2004 to 2016. Relative cost in China increased from 2.85 to 5.26 per million of GDP from 2004 to 2010, and decreased from 5.26 to 3.99 per million of GDP from 2010 to 2016. The largest relative cost was always observed in western region. Between 2009 and 2016, a large relative medical cost was observed in 7 to 9 provinces in western region, 3 to 5 provinces in eastern region, 1 to 4 provinces in central region, 1 to 2 provinces in northeastern region. The level of inequality decreased from 2010 to 2016, and kept a continuously moderate equality from 2012 to 2016. Conclusion This study provided a rough estimate of the direct medical costs of syphilis in China and its distribution pattern in 31 Chinese provincial districts. The results highlight that syphilis caused a huge economic burden in China, which distributed disproportionally within provinces. Western region bore a huge and increasing economic burden, while the economic burden in eastern region had once been huge, but tending to decline. Thus, more active and effective control are needed, and strategies on the prevention and control of syphilis be managed according to local conditions.

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