scholarly journals A morphological characterization of the lumbar neural arch in females and males with degenerative spondylolisthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saher Abu-Leil ◽  
Asaf Weisman ◽  
Yizhar Floman ◽  
Fabio Galbusera ◽  
Youssef Masharawi
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Arch ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Lower Lumbar ◽  
Bony Morphology

Abstract Background Although Degenerative Spondylolisthesis (DS) is a common osseous dysfunction, very few studies have examined the bony morphology of lumbar the neural arch in the population afflicted with DS. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the neural arch (NA) morphology along the entire lumbar spine in individuals with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and compare them to healthy controls. Methods One hundred CTs from a database of 500 lumbar CTs of spondylolisthesis were selected. We excluded vertebral fractures, non-L4-L5 slips, previous surgeries, vertebral spondyloarthropathies, and scoliosis. Scans were divided into a study group of 50 individuals with single-level DS (grades 1–2) at L4–5 (25 males and 25 females), and an age-sex matched control group of 50 individuals. Linear and angular measurements from all lumbar segments included: vertebral canals, intervertebral foramens, pedicles, and articular facets. Results Compared with the controls, all individuals with DS had greater pedicle dimensions in the lower lumbar segments (∆ = 1 mm–2.14 mm) and shorter intervertebral foramens in all the lumbar segments (∆range:1.85 mm–3.94 mm). In DS females, the lower lumbar facets were mostly wider (∆ = 1.73–2.86 mm) and more sagittally-oriented (∆10°) than the controls. Greater prevalence of grade-3 facet arthrosis was found only in the DS population (DS = 40–90%,controls = 16.7–66.7%). In DS males, degenerated facets were observed along the entire lumbar spine (L1-S1), whereas, in DS females, the facets were observed mainly in the lower lumbar segments (L4-S1). Individuals with DS have shorter intervertebral foramens and greater pedicle dimensions compared with controls. Conclusions Females with DS have wider articular facets, more sagittally-oriented facets, and excessively degenerated facets than the controls. This unique NA shape may further clarify DS’s pathophysiology and explain its greater prevalence in females compared to males.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COLORECTAL PITS USING AUTOFLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IMAGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Luciana Ariadna ERBES ◽  
Ángel Alberto ZEITOUNE ◽  
Humberto Maximiliano TORRES ◽  
Víctor Hugo CASCO ◽  
Javier ADUR
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Microscopy Images

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent pathologies. Its prognosis is linked to the early detection and treatment. Currently diagnosis is performed by histological analysis from polyp biopsies, followed by morphological classification. Kudo’s pit pattern classification is frequently used for the differentiation of neoplastic colorectal lesions using hematoxylin-eosin stained samples. Few articles have reported this classification with image software processing, using exogenous markers over the samples. The processing of autofluorescence images is an alternative that could allow the characterization of the pits from the crypts of Lieberkühn, bypassing staining techniques. OBJECTIVE: Processing and analysis of widefield autofluorescence microscopy images obtained by fresh colon tissue samples from a murine model of colorectal cancer in order to quantify and characterize the pits morphology by measuring morphology parameters and shape descriptors. METHODS: Adult male BALB/cCmedc strain mice (n=27), ranging from 20 to 30 g, were randomly assigned to four and five groups of treated and control animals. Colon samples were collected at day zero and at fourth, eighth, sixteenth and twentieth weeks after treatmentwith azoxymethane. Two-dimensional (2D) segmentation, quantification and morphological characterization of pits by image processing applied using macro programming from FIJI. RESULTS: Type I is the pit morphology prevailing between 53 and 81% in control group weeks. III-L and III-S types were detected in reduced percentages. Between the 33 and 56% of type I was stated as the prevailing morphology for the 4th, 8th and 20th weeks of treated groups, followed by III-L type. For the 16th week, the 39% of the pits was characterized as III-L type, followed by type I. Further, pattern types as IV, III-S and II were also found mainly in that order for almost all of the treated weeks. CONCLUSION: These preliminaries outcomes could be considered an advance in two-dimensional pit characterization as the whole image processing, comparing to the conventional procedure, takes a few seconds to quantify and characterize non-pathological colon pits as well as to estimate early pathological stages of colorectal cancer.

Research on the Treatment of Diabetic Foot with Ulcer Based on Nano-Silver Antibacterial Dressing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1220-1229
Author(s):  
Lumeng Yang ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yijun Chen ◽  
Zhangyi Liu ◽  
Guowu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Great Pain

The incidence of diabetes has been increasing year by year. Long-term growth in blood sugar causes complications such as diabetic foot ulcer and infections, which will increase the difficulty of ulcer treatment. The diabetes brings great pain and heavy economic burden to patients and their families. In view of the above problems, a nano-silver antibacterial dressing is synthesized in this paper to control bacterial infection on the ulcer surface and promote wound healing. This paper describes the preparation process and morphological characterization of nano-silver antibacterial dressings. 100 patients were selected, which divided into two groups for comparative experiments. The conventional group used conventional vaseline dressing, and the control group was nano-silver antibacterial dressing. The ulcer surface healing time, the number of dressing changes, and the control of infection were analyzed separately, and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS19.0. The experimental results are as follows. The use of nano-silver antibacterial dressing can significantly reduce the incidence of infection in diabetic foot patients, which is helpful to reduce the number of dressing changes, shorten the healing time of ulcer, and accelerate the turnover rate. It helps to shorten the course of diabetic foot, and it is recommended to promote its clinical application.

scholarly journals Facet Tropism and Orientation: Risk Factors for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Janan Abbas ◽  
Natan Peled ◽  
Israel Hershkovitz ◽  
Kamal Hamoud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Lower Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Lower Lumbar ◽  
Facet Tropism

The aim of this study is to establish whether facet tropism (FT) and orientation (FO) are associated with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS). A retrospective computerized tomography (CT) study including 274 individuals was divided into two groups: control (82 males and 81 females) and stenosis (59 males and 52 females). All participants have undergone high-resolution CT scan of the lumbar spine in the same position. FT and FO were measured at L1-2 to L5-S1. Significant sagittal FO was noted in the stenosis males (L2-3 to L4-5) and females (L2-3 to L5-S1) compared to the controls. The prevalence of FT was remarkably greater in the stenosis males (L4-5, L5-S1) and females (L3-4, L5-S1) compared to their counterparts in the control group. Our results also showed that FT (L3-4 to L5-S1) increases approximately 2.9 times the likelihood for DLSS development. This study indicates that FO and FT in the lower lumbar spine are significantly associated with DLSS.

Anteroposterior Lumbar Spine X-ray of L5 Lamina for Evaluation of Lower Lumbar Disc Herniation in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Jin ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jialiang Guo ◽  
Ruipeng Zhang ◽  
Yingchao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lumbar Disc Herniation ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Abstract Background: Plain radiographs are rarely used in the diagnostic evaluation of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). The L5 lamina is the important skeletal structure at the back of the lower lumbar vertebra. This study investigated the association between the height of L5 lamina under anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray and lower LDH, to determine its significance to the onset of LDH in young adults.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 160 patients aged 18 to 39 years with lower LDH and 160 healthy controls. The anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray was used to image features of the L5 lamina. The height of L5 lamina (“h”) and of the space between L4 and S1 lamina (“H”) were measured. The difference in height of L5 lamina in each study group was assessed as the ratio of “h/H”. Results: There was no significant difference in sex, age, occupation type, body mass index (BMI), family history or smoking status (p>0.05) between LDH group and the control group. The mean ratio (95% CI) of “h/H” in LDH and control group was 0.28 (0.26, 0.31) and 0.35 (0.32, 0.38) respectively, with statistical difference (p<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of “h/H” ratio was investigated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve was 0.835 (95% CI 0.789, 0.881), using a cut-off of 0.315 (sensitivity 0.806, specificity 0.794). A decrease in the “h/H” ratio, showed an increasing linear trend in the protrusion proportion of L4/5 segments (Z=5.943, p<0.05).Conclusions: The onset of lower LDH in young adults is related to the developmental difference in L5 Lamina. Young adults with developmental defects of L5 lamina are more likely to develop lower LDH. Assessment of “h/H” ratio could be used for evaluation or prediction of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic lower LDH in young adults.

scholarly journals Clinical Implication of Mid-Range Dynamic Instability in Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Chang-Yk Lee ◽  
Byeong-Mun Park ◽  
Tae-Woo Kim ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Clinical Implication ◽  
Dynamic Instability ◽  
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Posterior Translation ◽  
Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Study Design: Retrospective evaluation.Purpose: To determine the prevalence of mid-range dynamic instability in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and to evaluate the clinical implication of mid-range instability (MI).Overview of Literature: Instability is identified by measuring vertebral body anterior–posterior translation on static end-range flexion and extension lateral radiographs. Mid-range kinematics could evince occult dynamic instability in which motion is not appreciated at the terminal-range of motion.Methods: In this study, 30 patients with DS with checked standing dynamic radiographs of the lumbar spine in Gwangmyeong Sungae Orthopedic Clinic were recruited. Standing lateral radiographs were evaluated in extension, 45° of flexion (mid-range) and 90° of flexion (terminal-range) of the lumbar spine. Instability was defined as sagittal translation greater than 3 mm from the extension position. Patients were divided into three groups: a control group, an MI group, and a terminal-range instability (TI) group. Radiographic outcome (stenosis grade) and clinical outcome were compared between the three groups.Results: The average sagittal translation of the lumbar spine was 5.2 mm in extension, 6.6 mm in mid-range, and 7.2 mm in endrange. MI was observed in eight patients (26.2%) and TI was seen in 12 patients (40%). Of eight patients with MI, three patients did not have instability at terminal-range (occult patients) and five patients had instability at terminal-range (typical patients). Body weight and body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the MI group as compared to the control group. BMI was positively correlated with slippage to mid-range. There was no significant difference in stenosis grade, Visual Analog Scale, and Oswestry Disability Index. In the TI group, there was no significant difference in radiographic clinical parameters as compared to the control group.Conclusions: MI was demonstrated in 25% of DS patients. Mid-range motion was increased with BMI. Mid-range lateral radiography can reveal occult instability in patients with DS, particularly in obese patients.

scholarly journals Anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray of L5 lamina for screening of possibility of lower lumbar disc herniation in young adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Jin ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jialiang Guo ◽  
Ruipeng Zhang ◽  
Yingchao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lumbar Disc Herniation ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Control Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Lumbar

Abstract Background: Plain radiographs are rarely used in the imaging evaluation of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). The L5 lamina is the important skeletal structure at the back of the lower lumbar vertebra. This study investigated the association between the height of L5 lamina under anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray and lower LDH, to determine its significance to the onset of LDH in young adults.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 160 patients aged 18 to 39 years with lower LDH and 160 healthy controls. The anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray was used to image features of the L5 lamina. The height of L5 lamina (“h”) and of the space between L4 and S1 lamina (“H”) were measured. The difference in height of L5 lamina in each study group was assessed as the ratio of “h/H”. Results: There was no significant difference in sex, age, occupation type, body mass index (BMI), family history or smoking status (p>0.05) between LDH group and the control group. The mean ratio (95% CI) of “h/H” in LDH and control group was 0.28 (0.26, 0.31) and 0.35 (0.32, 0.38) respectively, with statistical difference (p<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of “h/H” ratio was investigated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve was 0.835 (95% CI 0.789, 0.881), using a cut-off of 0.315 (sensitivity 0.806, specificity 0.794). A decrease in the “h/H” ratio, showed an increasing linear trend in the protrusion proportion of L4/5 segments (Z=5.943, p<0.05).Conclusions: Young adults with developmental defects of L5 lamina are more likely to develop lower LDH. Assessment of “h/H” ratio could be used for screening or prediction of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic lower LDH in young adults.

SPINOPELVIC ALIGNMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Barrey ◽  
Jérôme Jund ◽  
Gilles Perrin ◽  
Pierre Roussouly
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis ◽  
Plumb Line ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sacral Slope ◽  
Spinopelvic Parameters ◽  
Spinopelvic Alignment ◽  
Asymptomatic Volunteers

Abstract OBJECTIVE The main objectives of this study were to analyze and compare spinopelvic parameters, including the pelvis shape, in a population of 40 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DSPL) and to compare these patients with a control group of asymptomatic volunteers. METHODS Forty patients with DSPL were included in this study. Spinopelvic parameters were analyzed on preoperative full spine x-rays in a standardized standing position. The following spinopelvic parameters were measured: pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope, pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and positioning of the C7 plumb line. The population of patients was compared with a control population of 154 normal and asymptomatic adults who were studied in a recently published study. In order to understand variations of spinopelvic parameters, a control group was matched according to the PI, which is a morphological parameter. RESULTS The PI was significantly greater for patients with DSPL (60.1 ± 10.6 degrees) compared with the control group (52 ± 10.7 degrees) (P &lt; 0.0005). After matching according to the pelvic incidence, the DSPL population was characterized by an anterior translation of the C7 plumb line (P &lt; 0.05), a loss of lumbar lordosis (P &lt; 0.0005), and a decrease of the sacral slope (P &lt; 0.0005). Retrolisthesis and/or segmental intervertebral hyperextension were observed in the upper lumbar spine in 30% of the cases. CONCLUSION Matching according to the PI between the patients in the study and the control group enabled us to understand variations of the spinopelvic parameters in a population of patients with DSPL. DSPL patients were characterized by a greater PI than the asymptomatic population; therefore, we suggest that a high PI may be a predisposing factor in developing DSPL. Finally, we observed significant variations in spinopelvic alignment, such as loss of lordosis and sagittal unbalance, which were partially compensated by pelvis back tilt and hyperextension in the upper lumbar spine.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

Morphological Characterization of Rhinacanthus Species of Sri Lanka

Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
APPR Amarasinghe ◽  
RP Karunagoda ◽  
DSA Wijesundara
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Morphological Characterization
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