The association between dietary diversity score and general and abdominal obesity in Iranian children and adolescents

Abstract Background To evaluate the association between diet and disease, the consideration of a whole diet has appeared to be more effective than the examination of single-nutrient intake. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity in Iranian children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 456 children aged 11–18 years, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The usual food intake for each participant assessed using a validated Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To calculate the dietary diversity score, food items were categorized into 5 broad groups and 23 subgroups based on the US Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid. Participants were categorized based on the DDS tertile cut-off points. Anthropometric measurements were conducted based on standard protocols. Overweight and obesity were defined as 85th ≤ BMI < 95th, and ≥ 95th percentiles of BMI, respectively. Additionally, abdominal obesity was considered as WC ≥ 85th percentile. Results Mean and standard deviation (SD) of subjects’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were 20.88 (SD 4.22) kg/m2 and 74.27 (SD 10.31) cm, respectively. The probability of overweight and obesity was increased as tertiles of DDS increased (OR among tertiles: 1.00, 1.82 and 2.13 for overweight and 1.00, 2.60 and 3.45 for obesity; this was the same for abdominal obesity: 1.00, 2.22 and 3.45, P < 0.001 for all). However, no statistically significant results were found after adjustment for energy intake. Conclusion Dietary diversity positively affected obesity through higher energy intake. Despite the wide recommendation of having high dietary diversity, public health programs should emphasize to improve dietary diversity only in selective food items.

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Association between dietary diversity with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study conducted among pastoralists in Monduli District in Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244813 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0244813

Author(s):

Ahmed Gharib Khamis ◽

Julius Edward Ntwenya ◽

Mbazi Senkoro ◽

Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga ◽

Katharina Kreppel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

General Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Monduli District ◽

Arusha Region

Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising at a rapid pace and is associated with negative health consequences like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Obesity is a multifactorial problem that develops mainly from lifestyle factors including physical inactivity and poor dietary intake. Dietary diversity is a simplified method for assessing the adequacy and quality of diet and is associated with nutritional need and overall health status. Therefore, we conducted this study to synthesize the associations between consumption of a diversified diet and overweight/ obesity among adults living in pastoral communities in Monduli district in Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 510 adults aged ≥ 18 years old in the Monduli district, Arusha region in Tanzania. We conducted face-to-face interviews to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, 24-hours dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was constructed and used to determine the diversity of the diet consumed. We performed the multivariate Poisson regressions to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The dependent variables were overweight and general obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity measured by waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). Results The prevalence of general obesity based on BMI was 20.2% (95%CI; 16.9–23.9), abdominal obesity based on WHR was 37.8% (95%CI; 33.7–42.1), and WC was 29.1% (95%CI; 25.2–33.1). More than half (54.3%) of the participants consumed an adequate dietary diversity (DDS ≥4). After adjustment for potential confounders, the prevalence of abdominal obesity by WHR decreased with higher DDS among male (APR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22–0.77) and female participants (APR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94). There were inconsistent positive associations between DDS and prevalence of overweight and general obesity among male and female. There was no association between DDS and abdominal obesity by WC. Conclusion More than half of the pastoralists have consumed an adequate diversified diet. Given the inconsistent findings on associations between dietary diversity and obesity measures, this study suggests that targeting dietary diversity as an overweight/obesity prevention strategy requires careful consideration.

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Association between shift work and obesity in a large sample of Iranian steel industry workers

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 194-200

Author(s):

Najmeh Rabanipour ◽

Hamidreza Roohafza ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Shahnaz Amani Tirani ◽

Nizal Sarrafzadegan

Keyword(s):

Shift Work ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Shift Workers ◽

Large Sample

AbstractObesity is associated with several chronic diseases, and previous research suggests that shift work could be associated with the risk of overweight and obesity, but the results remain inconclusive. Furthermore, only a few studies report related findings for industrial workforce with high job-related stress. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to see if such association exists in a large sample of 3063 industrial workers in a developing country. The sample was selected among 16,000 steel company workers through multistage cluster sampling. We took anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Information about potential confounders was collected with a self-administered questionnaire. The association between shift work and both general and abdominal obesity was established with multinomial and binary logistic regression analysis. The study sample consisted of 1683 (54.9 %) rotational shift workers and 1380 (45.1 %) day workers. Shift work was significantly associated with higher risk of overweight after adjusting for the impacts of potential confounders (OR=1.2; 95 % CI:1.04–1.4) but not with abdominal obesity. This study established that shift work was an independent risk factor for overweight in industrial shift workers. Modification of working schedules is recommended, particularly for prolonged, continuous shift work.

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Assessing Malnutrition in Pregnant Women Using the Dietary Diversity Score and the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference: A Cross-Sectional Study, Zambia

Food and Nutrition Sciences ◽

10.4236/fns.2020.117051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (07) ◽

pp. 912-925

Author(s):

Sebean Mayimbo ◽

Clara Maphosa Haruzivishe ◽

Concepta Kwaleyela ◽

Bwembya Phoebe ◽

Ellen Chirwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

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Socio-economic Analysis and the Study of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Hospital Staff

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v7i1.8496 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Samjhana Shakya ◽

J Bhattarai ◽

K Rawal ◽

AR Kunwar ◽

YR Shakya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Economic Status ◽

Hospital Staff ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Challenge

Hypertension is an important public health challenge in the developing and the developed world alike. This worksite based descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre in 2010 with 50 subjects were recruited by multistage purposive cluster sampling. The primary aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess the socioeconomic status and to measure the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and correlates of hypertension. The prevalence of pre-hypertension is 38% and hypertension is 34%. Among the hypertensive 53% are aware of their condition and 66.66% of them are under treatment and 16.66% have control over the condition. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 22% and 4% respectively. The prevalence of central obesity was 29.72% among male and 69% among female. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on hypertension was satisfactory. Fourteen percent understood hypertension as a raised blood pressure during blood flow in the arteries. Majority of them (72%) have positive attitude towards use of medicine in hypertension. Majority of them (86%) had checked their blood pressure in last 2 years. Difference in prevalence of hypertension was found among the tobacco users and non- users (65% vs 40%), who do regular exercise and those who do not (28% vs. 38%) and sleep disturbance was higher among hypertensive than non-hypertensive (48% vs. 10%). Patients with Dislipidemia (32%) had higher prevalence of hypertension than those without Dislipidemia (44% vs 30 %) Similar finding were found between overweight participants (26%) and normal weight participants (46% vs 34%). The prevalence of hypertension is higher with the higher socio-economic status. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 15-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8496

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Nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents: associated gender, environmental and socio-economic factors

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008002693 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1306-1317 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri ◽

Habiba Ben Romdhane ◽

Pierre Traissac ◽

Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽

Francis Delpeuch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cultural Tradition ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents and associated factors.DesignA cross-sectional study based on a national stratified random cluster sample.Subjects and methodsIn all, 1295 boys and 1577 girls aged 15–19 years, of whom 28·4 % had already left school. Socio-economic characteristics of the parents, anthropometric measurements, food behaviours and physical activity of the adolescents were recorded during home visits.ResultsPrevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (WHO/National Center for Health Statistics reference) were, respectively, 8·1 %, 17·4 % and 4·1 % among boys and 1·3 %, 20·7 % and 4·4 % among girls; abdominal obesity was highly prevalent among both sexes. Prevalence of overweight differed by region (from 11·5 % to 22·2 %) and was higher in urban v. rural areas for males (21·7 % v. 10·4 %) but not for females (21·7 % v. 19·2 %). These differences were partially mediated by socio-economic and lifestyle factors for males. For females, influence of cultural factors is hypothesised. In rural areas, overweight was more prevalent among boys of higher economic level households, having a working mother or a sedentary lifestyle; for girls, prevalence increased with the level of education of the mother. In urban areas, prevalence of overweight was related to eating habits: it was higher for boys with irregular snacking habits and for girls skipping daily meals. Urban girls having left school were also more overweight.ConclusionOverweight and abdominal obesity in late adolescence have become a true public health problem in Tunisia with the combined effects of cultural tradition for girls in rural areas, and of rapid economic development for boys and girls in cities.

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Maternal Characteristics Are Associated with Child Dietary Diversity Score, in Golina District, Northeast Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2020/6702036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Getahun Fentaw Mulaw ◽

Fentaw Wassie Feleke ◽

Seteamlak Adane Masresha

Keyword(s):

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Northeast Ethiopia ◽

Minimum Dietary Diversity

Background. Dietary diversity is part of the set of indicators developed to assess infant and young child feeding practices. In developing countries, only a quarter of children met the required minimum dietary diversity. In Ethiopia, only 14% of children aged 6–23 months met the minimum dietary diversity score, with regional variation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dietary diversity score and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Golina district, Afar region, Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 345 study participants from February 15 to March 30, 2017, in Golina district, Afar, Northeast Ethiopia. The study kebeles were selected randomly and the study subjects were selected using a cluster sampling technique. The child dietary diversity score was determined by the WHO child dietary diversity score scale, using a 24-hour dietary recall method, and data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictor variables, and the level of significance was determined at P value <0.05. Result. This study revealed that children who met the required minimum dietary diversity score were 35.1% (95% CI, (30%–40%)). Children whose mothers have not attended formal education were 3.042 times (AOR = 3.042 95% CI: (1.312–7.052)) less likely to meet the minimum dietary diversity score than children whose mothers have attended secondary and above. Children whose mothers had normal BMI were 51.2% (AOR = 0.488, 95% CI: (0.259–918)) and 68.1% (AOR = 0.319, 95% CI: (0.119–0.855)) more likely to meet the minimum dietary diversity score than children whose mothers’ BMI was underweight and overweight, respectively. Conclusion. Maternal characteristics (educational status and nutrition status) were found to be associated with their child's dietary diversity score. This study also revealed that children who met the minimum dietary diversity score were few. Therefore, the increased emphasis on the importance of the education of girls (future mothers) and nutrition counseling for girls/women who currently have received little education on ways to improve the family and child dietary feeding practice is needed.

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Characterization of Norwegian women eating wholegrain bread

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015000245 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 2836-2845 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Toril Bakken ◽

Tonje Braaten ◽

Anja Olsen ◽

Eiliv Lund ◽

Guri Skeie

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Adult Women ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Geographical Differences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Items ◽

High Level ◽

Fourth Quartile

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate dietary and non-dietary characteristics of wholegrain bread eaters in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study.DesignCross-sectional study using an FFQ.SettingWomen were divided into two groups according to wholegrain bread consumption.SubjectsAdult women (n 69 471).ResultsMedian daily consumption of standardized slices of wholegrain bread was 2·5 in the low intake group and 4·5 in the high intake group. The OR for high wholegrain bread consumption was 0·28, 2·19 and 4·63 for the first, third and fourth quartile of energy intake, respectively, compared with the second quartile. Living outside Oslo or in East Norway and having a high level of physical activity were associated with high wholegrain bread consumption. BMI and smoking were inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Intake of many food items was positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·01). After adjustment for energy intake, consumption of most food items was inversely associated with wholegrain bread consumption (P trend <0·001). The mean intakes of thiamin and Fe were higher in those with high wholegrain bread consumption, even after taking energy intake into account.ConclusionsEnergy intake was strongly positively associated with wholegrain bread consumption. Geographical differences in wholegrain bread consumption were observed. Our study suggests that women with high wholegrain bread consumption do not generally have a healthier diet than those who eat less wholegrain bread, but that they tend to be healthier in regard to other lifestyle factors.

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Dietary correlates of overweight and obesity among adolescents during the current nutrition transition: a cross sectional study in Kerala

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173686 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. 3140

Author(s):

Sivakumar C. P. ◽

Jose Joseph ◽

Manjula V. D.

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Transition ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Nutritional Transition

Background: Overweight and obesity during childhood is a matter of growing concern among many low and middle income countries. Obesity in the developing world can be seen as a result of a series of changes in diet, physical activity health and nutrition. This is collectively known as ‘nutrition transition.Methods: The present study was conducted in an urban area of Kottayam district in Kerala. The schools were stratified into government, aided and unaided categories. Cluster sampling technique was used and data was collected after informed consent.Results: Obesity and overweight were found to be higher in children who consume butter/ghee, fried local foods, red meat/chicken and pizza/burgers frequently. The factors related to eating behaviour include time for finishing meals, parent force to eat, skipping of breakfast, family eats out and consumption of fast food.Conclusions: Nutritional transition has contributed to the problem of adolescent obesity.

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Keragaman Pangan dan Tingkat Kecukupan Energi serta Protein Pada Balita

Amerta Nutrition ◽

10.20473/amnt.v1i3.6242 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Dwi Putri Pangesti Suryo Andadari ◽

Trias Mahmudiono

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Test Results ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Diversity Score ◽

Adequate Food ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

Food Recall

Background: Childrens needs adequacy nutrients to support the growth process. Nutritional needs in children period can be fullfiled by consuming a variety of foods. Agricultural and pond dominated area can to provide adequate food availability. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences of dietary diversity and the level of energy and protein adequacy in children in agricultural and pond dominated areas. Method: This cross sectional study design and samples are 55 children under five years with the mothers/babysitters as respondents. Samples are taken using proportional random sampling. Dietary diversity are assessed using Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) with the criteria considered to consume if the amount minimum 10 grams. Adequacy energy and protein is assessed using food recall 2×24 hours and continued by compared with AKG. The differences of dietary diversity, energy ad protein adequacy rates are analyzed using Mann Whitney Test. Results: The results shows that children in agricultural area classified low dietary diversity and middle dietary diversity in children pond dominated area (p=0.024). Children in agricultural and pond dominated areo classified less energy adequate (0.588) and more protein adequacy (0.459). Conclusion: There is difference of dietary diversity at children in agricultural and pond dominated area and ther is no difference of energy and protein adequacy in children in agricultural and pond dominated area.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pada masa balita membutuhkan asupan gizi yang mencukupi untuk menunjang proses tumbuh kembang tersebut. Kebutuhan gizi pada balita dapat dipenuhi dengan mengonsumsi makanan yang beragam. Pemenuhan pangan yang cukup tercermin dari ketersediaan pangan yang cukup. Sumber daya pertanian dan perikanan seperti tambak memiliki potensi untuk menyediakan sumber pangan.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan keragaman pangan dan tingkat kecukupan energi dan protein pada balita di wilayah pertanian dan tambak.Metode: Penelitian cross sectional ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 55 balita dengan ibu/pengasuh sebagai responden. Sampel diambil menggunakan proportional random sampling. Keragaman pangan dinilai menggunakan Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) dan dinilai dengan kriteria minimum konsumsi 10 gram. Data konsumsi pangan dikumpulkan menggunakan food recall 2×24 jam kemudian dikonversi dibandingan dengan Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) untuk mendapatkan Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Tingkat Kecukupan Protein. Data dianalisis menggunakan Mann Whitney Test.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balita di wilayah pertanian tergolong keragaman pangan rendah dan balita di wilayah tambak tergolong keragaman pangan sedang (p=0,024). Balita di wilayah pertanian maupun tambak tergolong tingkat kecukupan energi kurang (p=0,588) dan tingkat kecukupan protein (p=0,459).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan keragaman pangan minimum konsumsi 10 gram diterapkan pada balita di wilayah pertanian dan tambak dan tidak terdapat perbedaan kecukupan energi serta protein pada balita di wilayah pertanian dan tambak.

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General and abdominal obesity is related to socioeconomic status and food choices: a cross-sectional study

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-02-2019-0056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 61-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Helda Tutunchi ◽

Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽

Shiva Hoojeghani ◽

Sirous Tabrizi ◽

Nazila Farrin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Food Choices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Lower Odds

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the prevalence of general obesity (GO) and abdominal obesity (AO) in the north-west of Iran and investigate the association with food choices and socioeconomic status (SES). Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, 500 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were studied. Data on their basic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits and physical activity were collected. The authors examined the association between GO and AO with SES and food choices using multiple logistic regression analysis. Findings The prevalence of GO and AO was 26.6 and 43.4%, respectively. A positive association was observed between age and GO (p for trend <0.001) and AO (p for trend 0.005) in both sexes. However, a negative correlation was detected between education and income with GO and AO (p for trend <0.001). Two or more servings of fruit consumption a day were associated with lower odds of obesity. It was observed that the odds of GO and AO decreased by three or more servings of daily fruit. The consumption of dairy products in two or more servings a day led to a reduction in odds of GO and AO. The consumption of five or more servings of legumes, beans and nuts a week was associated with lower odds of GO and AO. Originality/value Educational attainment, greater income and a higher intake of some specific food groups were associated with lower odds of obesity in the area. More population-based investigations are required to develop effective preventive strategies to control the status of being overweight and obesity in different regions.

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