scholarly journals Association between dietary diversity with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study conducted among pastoralists in Monduli District in Tanzania

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244813
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gharib Khamis ◽  
Julius Edward Ntwenya ◽  
Mbazi Senkoro ◽  
Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga ◽  
Katharina Kreppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monduli District ◽  
Arusha Region

Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising at a rapid pace and is associated with negative health consequences like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Obesity is a multifactorial problem that develops mainly from lifestyle factors including physical inactivity and poor dietary intake. Dietary diversity is a simplified method for assessing the adequacy and quality of diet and is associated with nutritional need and overall health status. Therefore, we conducted this study to synthesize the associations between consumption of a diversified diet and overweight/ obesity among adults living in pastoral communities in Monduli district in Tanzania. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 510 adults aged ≥ 18 years old in the Monduli district, Arusha region in Tanzania. We conducted face-to-face interviews to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, 24-hours dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was constructed and used to determine the diversity of the diet consumed. We performed the multivariate Poisson regressions to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The dependent variables were overweight and general obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity measured by waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). Results The prevalence of general obesity based on BMI was 20.2% (95%CI; 16.9–23.9), abdominal obesity based on WHR was 37.8% (95%CI; 33.7–42.1), and WC was 29.1% (95%CI; 25.2–33.1). More than half (54.3%) of the participants consumed an adequate dietary diversity (DDS ≥4). After adjustment for potential confounders, the prevalence of abdominal obesity by WHR decreased with higher DDS among male (APR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22–0.77) and female participants (APR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94). There were inconsistent positive associations between DDS and prevalence of overweight and general obesity among male and female. There was no association between DDS and abdominal obesity by WC. Conclusion More than half of the pastoralists have consumed an adequate diversified diet. Given the inconsistent findings on associations between dietary diversity and obesity measures, this study suggests that targeting dietary diversity as an overweight/obesity prevention strategy requires careful consideration.

General and abdominal obesity is related to socioeconomic status and food choices: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Tutunchi ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Shiva Hoojeghani ◽  
Sirous Tabrizi ◽  
Nazila Farrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lower Odds

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the prevalence of general obesity (GO) and abdominal obesity (AO) in the north-west of Iran and investigate the association with food choices and socioeconomic status (SES). Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, 500 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were studied. Data on their basic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary habits and physical activity were collected. The authors examined the association between GO and AO with SES and food choices using multiple logistic regression analysis. Findings The prevalence of GO and AO was 26.6 and 43.4%, respectively. A positive association was observed between age and GO (p for trend <0.001) and AO (p for trend 0.005) in both sexes. However, a negative correlation was detected between education and income with GO and AO (p for trend <0.001). Two or more servings of fruit consumption a day were associated with lower odds of obesity. It was observed that the odds of GO and AO decreased by three or more servings of daily fruit. The consumption of dairy products in two or more servings a day led to a reduction in odds of GO and AO. The consumption of five or more servings of legumes, beans and nuts a week was associated with lower odds of GO and AO. Originality/value Educational attainment, greater income and a higher intake of some specific food groups were associated with lower odds of obesity in the area. More population-based investigations are required to develop effective preventive strategies to control the status of being overweight and obesity in different regions.

scholarly journals The association between dietary diversity score and general and abdominal obesity in Iranian children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Golpour-Hamedani ◽  
Nahid Rafie ◽  
Makan Pourmasoumi ◽  
Parvane Saneei ◽  
Sayyed Morteza Safavi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Background To evaluate the association between diet and disease, the consideration of a whole diet has appeared to be more effective than the examination of single-nutrient intake. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and obesity in Iranian children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 456 children aged 11–18 years, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The usual food intake for each participant assessed using a validated Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To calculate the dietary diversity score, food items were categorized into 5 broad groups and 23 subgroups based on the US Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid. Participants were categorized based on the DDS tertile cut-off points. Anthropometric measurements were conducted based on standard protocols. Overweight and obesity were defined as 85th ≤ BMI < 95th, and ≥ 95th percentiles of BMI, respectively. Additionally, abdominal obesity was considered as WC ≥ 85th percentile. Results Mean and standard deviation (SD) of subjects’ Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were 20.88 (SD 4.22) kg/m2 and 74.27 (SD 10.31) cm, respectively. The probability of overweight and obesity was increased as tertiles of DDS increased (OR among tertiles: 1.00, 1.82 and 2.13 for overweight and 1.00, 2.60 and 3.45 for obesity; this was the same for abdominal obesity: 1.00, 2.22 and 3.45, P <  0.001 for all). However, no statistically significant results were found after adjustment for energy intake. Conclusion Dietary diversity positively affected obesity through higher energy intake. Despite the wide recommendation of having high dietary diversity, public health programs should emphasize to improve dietary diversity only in selective food items.

scholarly journals Dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids in relation to general and abdominal obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Asoudeh ◽  
Asma Salari-Moghaddam ◽  
Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Peyman Adibi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Abstract Purpose: Despite the huge evidence on the link between dietary protein intake and obesity, limited studies have examined the role of individual amino acids in this regard. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary total and individual BCAAs intake and odds of general and abdominal obesity in a large group of adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 8691 adults aged 18-55 years in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary BCAAs were assessed using a validated dish-based 106-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DS-FFQ). Information about weight and waist circumference were collected through a self-reported validated questionnaire. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, and abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (WC) ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men.Results: Mean age of study participants was 36.8±8.1 years. Prevalence of general obesity was 9.2% in men and 9.7% in women and that of abdominal obesity was 13.3% and 36.2% in men and women, respectively. We found that participants in the top tertile of total BCAAs intake had higher odds of general obesity compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09-1.84). Such significant association was seen in men (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05-2.34), but not in women (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 0.94-1.89) in our stratified analysis. We found no significant association between total BCAAs intake and odds of abdominal obesity. Stratified by sex, no significant association was observed between total BCAAs intake and odds of abdominal obesity [for men: (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.74-1.65) and for women: (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.84-1.38)]. Assessing the association with individual BCAAs, a significant positive association was observed between dietary intake of valine (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.10-1.84), leucine (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.10-1.86), and isoleucine (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.09-1.84) with general obesity. We observed no significant association between dietary intake of individual BCAAs intake and odds of abdominal obesity.Conclusion: Dietary BCAAs intake was associated with an increased odds of general obesity, in particular among men. No significant association was observed between dietary BCAAs and abdominal obesity.Level of evidence: Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among pastoralists in Monduli District, Arusha region in Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gharib Khamis ◽  
Mbazi Senkoro ◽  
Akwilina Wendelin Mwanri ◽  
Katharina Kreppel ◽  
Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monduli District ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Arusha Region

Abstract Background Hypertension is among the growing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries and the leading cause of death worldwide. Pastoral areas have been identified to be at a higher risk of diseases due to challenges in their daily food production, livelihoods or mobility. Unfortunately, the prevalence of hypertension and the risk factors particularly affecting rural and pastoral populations are not fully understood, making intervention efforts challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify the risk factors among adults living in Monduli district in Tanzania. The findings will be useful for the provision of tailored interventions focused on community-specific nutritional and behavioral practices. Methods We conducted a community based cross-sectional study involving a sample of 510 adults aged above 18 years selected using a multistage cluster sampling in the Monduli district of Arusha region, Tanzania. Data were collected by using interviewer-administered questionnaires containing socio-demographic, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. Anthropometry, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were measured. A one-day 24 h diet recall was conducted to evaluate the dietary habits of all participants. Both linear and logistic regression analysis were used to identify the independent predictors for hypertension and blood pressure levels. Results The prevalence of hypertension in this study was 25.7% (n = 131, 95% CI; 22.1–29.7). The odds of hypertension increased with being male (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI, 1.06–2.88), belonging to the older age group of 30–39 year olds (AOR = 3.3, 95%CI, 1.76–6.38), 40–59 year olds (AOR = 3.34, 95%CI, 1.75–6.37) and ≥ 60 year olds (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI, 2.02–8.87), being overweight or obese (AOR = 3.37, 95%CI, 1.18–9.62), have more hours spent sedentary (AOR = 3.19, 95%CI, 1.61–6.32), and consumption of fatty foods (AOR = 2.23, 95%CI, 1.27–3.93). The odds for hypertension was significantly reduced among participants who reported higher income (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.25–0.91), high level of physical activity (AOR = 0.55, 95%CI, 0.31–0.96) and those reported to consume fruit (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI, 0.18–0.77). Consumption of cereals was negatively associated with levels of SBP (β = − 17.4, 95% CI, − 23.8; − 11.0) and DBP (β = − 6.6, 95% CI, − 11.5,-1.79). Conclusion About one in every four adults living in pastoral communities have been found to have hypertension in this study. Our findings suggest that older age, obesity or overweight, low physical activity, low income, and consumption of fatty foods increase the risk of hypertension among study population. Their diet was dominated by cereals with moderate intake of meat and milk and low fruits. There is a need to promote physical activities and consumption of fruits in the study population in order to fight against hypertension. Further research should be done to confirm the associations.

scholarly journals Associations between adherence to MIND diet and metabolic syndrome and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Mohammadpour ◽  
Parivash Ghorbaninejad ◽  
Nasim Janbozorgi ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
General Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Diet Score ◽  
Mind Diet

Abstract Background There is a lack of studies examining the association between Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of adherence to the MIND diet with MetS and general and abdominal obesity. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 836 Iranian adults, 18–75 years old. A 167-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intakes of participants. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile of each participant were recorded. The guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) was used to define MetS. Results Mean age of study participants was 47.7 ± 10.7 years. The prevalence of MetS was 36.1% and mean body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) was 27.7 ± 4.69 kg/m2 and 92.0 ± 12.4 cm respectively. Those who were in the third tertile of the MIND diet score compared to the first tertile had 12% lower odds of having the MetS (ORs: 0.88; 95% CI 0.62–1.24) but the association was not significant (P = 0.77). There was a significant inverse association between the MIND diet score and odds of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ORs: 0.59; 95% CI 0.41–0.85; P = 0.008) and general obesity (ORs: 1.190.80–1.78; 95% CI 0.80–1.78; P = 0.02) in crude model and after controlling for confounders. Conclusions We found that the MIND diet score is inversely associated with odds of reduced HDL and general obesity in Iranian adults.

scholarly journals Adherence to Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and Abdominal Obesity and Anthropometric Indices among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asal Latifi ◽  
Arezoo Rezazadeh ◽  
Zahra Shahvegharasl ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Abdominal obesity (AO) is a global health problem. Although few studies indicated that Nordic diet (ND) was associated with AO, no evidence exists for the association between ND and AO outside the Nordic countries. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship of ND with AO and anthropometric indices among Iranian women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated anthropometric indices and usual dietary intakes of 294 Iranian women aged 20-50 years. We defined AO as waist circumference (WC) ≥ 88 cm and WC ≥ 90 (according to Iranian criteria). Association between qualitative variables and health eating index-nordic nutrition recommendation (HEI-NNR) score was determined using Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. The relationship of HEI-NNR score with AO was analyzed by a logistic regression model after adjusting the effect of confounders. Results: The mean of HEI-NNR score was significantly higher in overweight and obese participants than participants without overweight (P = 0.04). No linear trend was found for body mass index, WC, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) through the HEI-NNR score even after adjustment for confounders. A significant positive association was found among HEI-NNR score, overweight, and obesity (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-2.96, P = 0.01). However, the association did not remain significant after adjusting for the confounders. Conclusion: Adherence to the ND was not associated with AO and anthropometric measurement among Iranian women. Future evidences from RCT and prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Undernutrition and Associated Factors among Lactating Women: Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hailu Bekele ◽  
Gebi Husein Jima ◽  
Ashenafi Habtamu Regesu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Delivery Place

Background. Undernutrition is one of the most widespread public health problems that affect both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, it is one of the factors leading to unacceptable high morbidity and mortality among women. However, little is documented on undernutrition among lactating women particularly in such a purely pastoral community. Therefore, this study was designed to assess prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among lactating women living in pastoral community of Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a random sampled 545 lactating women using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Height and weight measurements of the study participants were also taken to compute body mass index. Data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and percentage were computed to describe characteristics of the sample. Multivariable analysis was carried out, association between independent and dependent variables were measured using adjusted odds ratios, and its 95% confidence interval and P value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study showed that prevalence of undernutrition among lactating women was 17.7%. Dietary diversity (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.43–4.36), monthly income (AOR = 5.22, 95% CI: 1.40–19.40), extra meal taking (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.43–5.29, delivery place (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.24–5.65), and household food insecurity (AOR = 6.57, 95% CI: 3.50–12.34) were independent variables showing statistically significant association with undernutrition of lactating women. Conclusion and recommendations. The study revealed that magnitude of undernutrition among lactating women was high. Dietary diversity, monthly income, extra meal, delivery place, and household food insecurity were found to be predictor of undernutrition. Finally, we recommend that governmental and nongovernmental organizations should organize timely interventions targeting lactating women.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity of children in a brazilian elementary school: a comparison of three references

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Marcella Evangelista Melo ◽  
Giovanna Lima Miguéis ◽  
Mikaela Silva Almeida ◽  
Tatiane Dalamaria ◽  
Wagner De Jesus Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: In the diagnosis of overweight and obesity based on body mass index in children and adolescents, several national and international anthropometric references are recommended. However, there is a divergence in the estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity among the references. Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to analyse the magnitude of agreement among the three references. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 975 students from the early grades of elementary school. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Conde and Monteiro. The Kappa weighted index was calculated to assess the agreement magnitude among the three references. Results: The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated by the Conde and Monteiro and WHO references, respectively. Overall, the IOTF revealed lower a magnitude of prevalence than the two other references. The agreement among the references identified by the Kappa index had a range of 0.66 to 0.94. Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory agreement among the three references, this research highlighted the differing magnitudes of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. This fact limits the ability to make comparisons among populations and impairs the development of overweight and obesity prevention actions.

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