scholarly journals Cleaning the palate and tongue without nausea: a mixed methods study exploring the appropriate depth and direction of oral care

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cheng ◽  
Yu-feng Zhou ◽  
Ya-ping Ding ◽  
Ying Xing ◽  
Enfang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Group A ◽  
Gag Reflex ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Background It is advisable to clean the palate and tongue thoroughly during oral care to protect against nosocomial infections. However, improper cleaning may cause nausea. To date, no robust data are available regarding how to implement this procedure properly. Furthermore, traditional cotton balls, forceps and normal saline are still used in clinical in China. This mixed methods study aimed to explore the appropriate depth and direction of cleaning methods for palates and tongues without causing nausea and the factors influencing cleaning depth and discomfort in traditional oral care. Methods Our study recruited students (n = 276) from a medical university. The first phase was a quantitative study, in which forceps were slowly inserted into their throats until the gag reflex was triggered, and then, the insertion depth was measured. After that, participants were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, palates and tongues were cleaned coronally and then sagittally, with the converse order used for group B. The extent of nausea was measured. Additionally, the qualitative data were types of discomfort other than nausea reported by the participants. Results The tolerable depths (without causing nausea) for cleaning the palate and tongue were 6.75 ± 1.07 cm and 6.92 ± 1.11 cm, respectively. Participants of male sex and with high BMI (overweight/obese) were associated with greater tolerable cleaning depth. The extent of nausea caused by cleaning both the palate and the tongue sagittally was higher than that elicited by coronal cleaning (p = 0.025 and p = 0.003, respectively). Other discomforts included itching, saltiness and coldness. Conclusion It is appropriate to increase the cleaning depth of the palate and tongue for adult males and overweight/obese individuals. Moreover, coronal cleaning causes lower levels of nausea, and traditional oral care appliances should be improved.

scholarly journals Adverse outcome of methotrexate and mini pulse betamethasone in the treatment of lichen planus

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Hazra ◽  
AM Choudhury ◽  
ATM Asaduzzaman ◽  
HK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Haematological Parameter ◽  
Morning Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University

The objectives of this study were to compare the adverse outcome of methotrexate and mini pulse betamethasone therapy in the treatment of lichen planus. It was a clinical trial conducted in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2009 to December 2010. Forty four patients of lichen planus were included in the study. Patients in Group-A, (n=23) were treated with methotrexate (10 mg) single morning dose and group-B (n=21) were treated with mini pulse betamethasone (5mg) single morning dose on 2 consecutive days during the period of 12 weeks. Adverse outcomes were measured by clinical examination and laboratory investigations during follow up visits. Anemia 3(14.2%) and edema 12(57.1%) developed in group-B but none in group-A. In group-B, dyspepsia 15(71.4%), acne 10(47.6%), mooning face 8(38.1%), striae 8(38.1%) and hypertrichosis 4(19.0%) developed but none in group-A. Intermittent diarrhoea, headache, nausea and fatigue complained in both groups of patients but the percentage of complaints was higher amog group-B compared to group-A. Menstrual abnormality developed in group-B 5(71.4%) but none in group-A. Laboratory investigations showed abnormality in platelet count and SGPT in group-A but none in group-B. The adverse effects of methotrexate on haematological parameter and liver functions were mild and could be prevented by reducing the dose but the adverse effects of betamethasone were unavoidable. The overall adverse effects were less in group-A than group-B. Therefore, methotrexate can be used as an alternative safer option for the treatment of lichen planus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i1.15806 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 22-27

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia in End Stage Renal Disease: A Study on Dialysis Patients in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Bangladesh

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Salahuddin Feroz ◽  
Shah Md Zakir Hossain ◽  
Rafi Nazrul Islam ◽  
Amir Mohammad Kaiser ◽  
Miliva Mozaffor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Medical University

Background: Dyslipidemia contributes to the high cardiovascular risk in end stage renal disease (ESRD) or in dialysis patients; however, it remains an underestimated problem. Objective: To see the extent of dyslipidemia in patients of end stage renal disease i.e. chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 who underwent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis procedure. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2016 to March 2018 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) on 55 CKD (stage 5) patients where 31 in hemodialysis (HD) (group A) and 24 in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (group B). Serum lipid profile was estimated in both groups by using the standard laboratory technique. Results: Dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) was found 1.46 for HD patients (group A) and 1.81 for CAPD patients (group B).All serum lipids were higher in amount in CAPD patients than HD patients-total cholesterol (222.3±24.2 mg/dl vs. 198.9±28.4 mg/dl; p<0.05), triglycerides (179.6±24.7 mg/dl vs. 176.6±24.4 mg/dl; p<0.05), HDL cholesterol (40.8±3.90 mg/dl vs. 38.5±4.95 mg/dl; p>0.05) and LDL cholesterol (145.5±22.1 mg/dl vs. 123.2±26.5 mg/dl; p<0.05). Besides, dyslipidemia was more evident in CAPD patients than HD patients, as per raised serum total cholesterol (83.33% vs. 70.97%), raised triglycerides (95.83% vs. 83.87%), raised LDL (100% vs. 77.42%) and lowering of HDL cholesterol (87.5% vs. 80.65%) were found more in group B in comparison to group A. Conclusion: Dyslipidemic risk factors are highly evident in dialysis patients and the extent of dyslipidemia is observed more in CAPD than HD patients. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-3, October 2020, Page 113-117

scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy of propofol and sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion during elective surgeries

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
H R Rehman ◽  
I Hassan ◽  
T Hussain ◽  
A A Mir ◽  
M Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Mask Airway ◽  
Laryngeal Mask ◽  
Laryngeal Mask Airway Insertion ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
Laryngeal Mask Insertion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Gag Reflex ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hospital Ethics ◽  
Group B

This study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from 5 October 2011 to 5 April 2012 after approval of hospital ethics committee. Three hundred and eighteen patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected in the study by non-probability consecutive sampling after taking informed written consent. Patients between the ages of 20 to 40 years were included, belonging to ASA class I and II, requiring General Anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway for different surgical procedures. They were divided into two equal groups by computer generated random numbers. Group A comprised of one hundred and fifty eight patients in whom intravenous propofol was given for induction of anesthesia and Laryngeal mask insertion. Group B comprised of one hundred and fifty eight patients in whom inhalational induction with sevoflurane was done for Laryngeal mask insertion. Conduct of anesthesia was maintained similar in both groups. Cough and gag reflexes were observed in both groups at the time of Laryngeal mask insertion. Drug under study was said to be effective, if it is associated with no cough and gag reflex during Laryngeal mask insertion. All the data was analyzed by SPSS version 15. It was observed that 6.3% patients of group A (propofol) had positive cough reflex as compare to 13.2%% patients of group B (sevoflurane). The difference was statistically significant (p=0.038). While the incidence of gag reflex in group A was 8.2% and group B was 14.5%. But the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.077). Propofol is more effective than sevoflurane for smooth LMA insertion during elective surgeries.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12562

scholarly journals Low Iron Level is related to Telogen Effluvium in Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Manjurul Karim ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab ◽  
Lubna Khondoker ◽  
Md Shirajul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2008- December 2010. A total 60 female patients of telogen effluvium attending in outpatient department (OPD) were enrolled in the study with 30 having hair loss considered as case (Group-A) and another 30 females had no history of hair loss were considered as control (Group-B). The study included 60 patients and the mean age were 25.4±7 years ranging from 18 to 42 years in group A and 24.8±5.6 years ranging from 17 to 36 years in group B. Maximum number was found in the age group of 21- 30 years in both groups and nearly three fourth (73.4%) patients were unmarried in group A and 18(60.0%) in group B. Most of the patients were student in both groups, which were 21(70.0%) and 17(56.7%) in group A and group B respectively and majority of the the patients were HSC level in both groups, 15(50.0%) and 14(46.7%) in Group A and Group B respectively. Most of the patients came from middle class, which were 20(66.7%) and 16(53.3%) in group A and group B respectively. The mean serum ferritin were 18.8±8.1 g/L ranging from 4.5 to 36.54 g/L and 36.6±9.9 mg/L ranging from 18.46 to 56.3 mg/ L in group A and group B respectively. The mean Hb level was 11.5±1.4 gm/dl ranging from 8.5 to 14.0 gm/dl in group A and 12.8±1.1 gm/dl ranging from 10.5 to 14.5 gm/dl in group B. The mean difference of Hb level was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups in unpaired t-test. It can be concluded that low iron level is associated with telogen effluvium in women. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13617 Bangladesh J Medicine 2010; 21: 84-89

Hematological and Biochemical Parameter Changes Related to Methotrexate Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Samaresh Chandra Hazra ◽  
Agha Masood Choudhury ◽  
Lubana Khondker ◽  
Md Shirajul Islam Khan ◽  
Nafiza Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University

A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the hematological and biochemical changes related to methotrexate in the treatment of lichen planus. A total of forty four patients with lichen planus, attendign at the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Bangabandhu Seikha Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh durign the period of january 2009 to December 2010 were enrolled in this study purposively. Of them, 23 patients in group-A (case group) and 21 patients in group-B (control group) were selected randomly. The case group was treated with oral methotrexate and the control group was trated with betamethasone oral mini- pulse therapy. A decreasing trend of hemoglobin level and platet count was observed between two groups. An increasing trend of SGPT was observed among the case adn control up to 6th week of observation and then it decreased. This study also revealed abnormlity in platelet count and liver function test in both the groups. But the overall effects were less in cases than control. So it cand be concluded from this study that methtrexate can be used as an alternative saf drug therapy for the treatmetn of lichen planus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i3.18674 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2011 Vol.40(3):40-43

scholarly journals Superiority of Spacer/Mask Topical Anesthetic Compared with Conventional Spray and Gargle Method for Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
RC Balkissoon ◽  
L Clelland ◽  
L Whitehead ◽  
MT Newhouse
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Topical Anaesthetic ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Group A ◽  
Gag Reflex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE:To compare the safety and efficacy of a new spacer-oral nasal mask device with those of the standard needle nozzle spray method for the delivery of aerosolized lidocaine to the upper airway for pre-bronchoscopic anaesthesia in a tertiary care hospital.DESIGN:Single-blind randomized control trial.SETTING:University affiliated tertiary care hospital, ambulatory care bronchoscopy unit.SUBJECTS:Thirty consecutive consenting patients referred for fibreoptic bronchoscopy for various indications.INTERVENTION:Thirty randomized subjects received 150 mg of topical 1% aerosolized lidocaine via standard long needle nosed applicator (group A) or via a new oral/ nasal mask with spacer device (group B). Bronchoscopists, blinded as to the preprocedure topical anaesthetic method used, gave additional topical lidocaine at their discretion.MEASUREMENTS:The study nurse recorded the total dose of lidocaine (mg), timing of the procedure (s), cough frequency expressed as coughs per minute (c/min), vital signs, time for return of gag reflex and patients' subjective comments.RESULTS:Fifteen patients were randomized to each group. The lidocaine dose required for insertion through the vocal cords (mean ± SD) was 282.6±66.3 mg in group A and 203.3±70.6 mg in group B (PÃ0.005). Total lidocaine dose required for the procedure was 330.6±70.2 mg in group A and 256.6±75 mg in group B (PÃ0.01). The mean time for passage of the bronchoscope from mouth entry to through the vocal cords was 82.7±54.5 s in group A and 110.5±64.4 s in group B (P>0.1). The mean total time for the procedure was 699.7±377.5 s in group A and 697.2±409.1 s in group B (not significant). The mean cough frequency was 8.2±6.1 c/min in group A and 7.0±5.7 c/min in group B (not significant). There were no statistically significant differences in heart rate, in return of gag reflex time or in complication rate between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:A statistically significant reduction in the dose of lidocaine is required to achieve equivalent topical anaesthetic for bronchoscopy with a new mask and spacer device compared with a more conventional method. Since no other variables related to the procedure showed a significant difference, the new method appears to be superior to the previous method.

Postoperative Complication Assessments of Different Reconstruction Procedures after Total Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy: Tubular Gastric Pull-Up versus Whole Gastric Pull-Up

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1927-1931
Author(s):  
Zhenbo Dai ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Boyu Pan ◽  
Liren Liu ◽  
Dejun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Reconstruction Procedure ◽  
Intrathoracic Stomach ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Gastric Pull Up

Hypopharynx carcinoma tends to be diagnosed at advanced stage and usually has a poor prognosis because of the high incidence of submucosal spreading and lymphatic metastasis. Total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy (PLE) is mostly used as a curative intervention for this deadly disease, and a commonly used reconstruction method after PLE is gastric pull-up, which could be further divided into tubular gastric pull-up and whole gastric pull-up procedures. Aiming to achieve a precise guidance on optimal reconstruction method after PLE, the present study evaluated the postoperative complications involving in different gastric pull-up procedures in patients with hypopharynx cancer. A total of 52 consecutive patients with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent total PLE with gastric pull-up reconstruction in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between 1996 and 2014 were analyzed in this study. Of these patients, 28 underwent tubular gastric pull-up reconstruction procedure (Group A), whereas 24 underwent whole gastric pull-up reconstruction procedure (Group B). We compared the postoperative complications between these two groups retrospectively. Postoperative anastomotic fistulas occurred in three patients in Group A (3/28) versus eight patients in Group B (8/24), leading to an incidence rate of 10.71 and 33.33 per cent, respectively. The incidence of intrathoracic stomach syndrome was 21.43 per cent in Group A (6/28) versus 58.33 per cent in Group B (14/24), and the incidence of reflux was 35.71 per cent in Group A (10/28) versus 66.67 per cent in Group B (16/24). All of the above postoperative complications exhibited statistical differences between two groups ( P ≤ 0.05). This retrospective observation study suggests that compared with whole gastric pull-up, tubular gastric pull-up is a better reconstruction procedure of choice after PLE, evidenced by reduced incidences of postoperative anastomotic fistula, intrathoracic stomach syndrome, and reflux.

scholarly journals Fabrication of provisional restoration on freshly prepared tooth: indirect and direct technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Marium Choudhury ◽  
Nurun Nahar ◽  
Shegufa Yazdi ◽  
Farhana Choudhury ◽  
Alia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Direct Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Indirect Technique ◽  
Provisional Restoration ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University

Background: Provisional restorations are fabricated to protect the prepared tooth structure during period between the preparation and the final restoration, and the techniques applied are direct, indirect and indirect direct. Various materials are used to fabricate provisional restoration, such as, preformed crown, acrylic, metal shell, composite, etc. Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the advantages of fabrication of provisional restorations by indirect technique over direct technique. Methods: This prospective comparative study carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2006 to December 2007, included 20 patients each for insertion of provisional restorations fabricated by indirect (group A) and direct (group B) technique. Outcome was evaluated on the basis of marginal adaptation, biocompatibility and aesthetic status. Results: On day 7 of provisional restoration, grade I marginal adaptation were observed in 75% and 40% of group A and group B patients, respectively, and on day 15 were 75% and 20%, respectively. Grade I biocompatibility on day 7 of group A patients were 100% and group B 30%, and on day 15 was 95% and 35%, respectively. Grade I aesthetic status on day 7 were in 100% of both group A and group B patients, and on day 15 was 95% and 85%, respectively. None of the patients was in grade III, either in marginal adaptation, biocompatibility or aesthetic status. Conclusion: Indirect provisional restoration is better and safer in relation to marginal adaptation, biocompatibility and aesthetic status.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21560 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.59-64

scholarly journals Effect of Smoking on FEF 25, FEF 50 & FEF 75 in Adult Male Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Shamima Akhter ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Md Noor Nabi ◽  
Nahid Yeasmin ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Group B

Introduction:Smoking is most common in East Asia, where two thirds of all adult males smoke tobacco; cigarette smoking is by far the most common. Smoking is the primary cause of chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory symptoms. Many studies have shown significant changes of Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) as FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) in adult male smokers. Its objective is to assess the change of FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) in adult male smokers. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka during the period of July, 2007 to June, 2008. In the present study 30 adult male smokers consuming cigarettes for more than 5 years selected as study group (Group-B) and were matched with 30 adult males who were non-smokers considered as control group (Group-A) for comparison. FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) were estimated in both Groups. Analysis of data was done with the help of computer by SPSS 12.0 programmer and significant tests were done by unpaired Student’s “t” test. Results: There were statistically significant differences of FEF25, FEF50 and FEF75 (L/sec) in group A vs. group B. Conclusion: From the statistical analysis of the results obtained in the present study and their comparison with those of published reports, it may be concluded that smoking causes significant change of FEF 25, FEF 50 and FEF 75 (L/sec) among the smokers that could be useful in early diagnosis of peripheral airway obstruction. Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(2): 81-84

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