scholarly journals Influence of the type of reciprocating motion on the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating files in a dynamic model

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽  
Alberto Albaladejo Martínez ◽  
Carlos Falcão Costa ◽  
Norberto Quispe-López ◽  
Ruben Agustín-Panadero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Weibull Statistics ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Reciprocating Movement

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to compare the influence of two novel reciprocating movements on the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic reciprocating files. Methods 30 Procodile® (Komet Medical, Lemgo, Germany) files were selected in this study and distributed according to the following study groups depending on the movements to be performed: ReFlex Dynamic (n = 10), ReFlex Smart (n = 10) and Reciproc (n = 10) reciprocating movement. These files were fixed to a specific dynamic cyclic fatigue device designed and manufactured by 3D impression to simulate the pecking motion performed by the operator. The time to failure and the number of cycles of in-and-out of the endodontic files was registered. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Weibull statistics. Results Statistically significant differences were found when the number of cycles of in-and-out movement and the time to failure of ReFlex Dynamic and Reciproc reciprocating movement (p < 0.001) and between ReFlex Smart and Reciproc reciprocating movement (p < 0.001) were compared in pairs. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between time to failure and number of cycles of in-and-out movement of ReFlex Dynamic and ReFlex Smart reciprocating movement (p = 0.253). Conclusions The ReFlex Smart reciprocating movement increased the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic reciprocating files compared with traditional reciprocating movement.

scholarly journals Novel Electronic Device to Quantify the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Endodontic Reciprocating Files after Using and Sterilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽  
Óscar Alonso-Ezpeleta ◽  
Alberto Albaladejo Martínez ◽  
Vicente Faus Matoses ◽  
Javier Caviedes Brucheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Cyclic Resistance ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the time of use (TU) and sterilization cycles (SC) of endodontic reciprocating files on cyclic fatigue resistance. Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty (120) Procodile NiTi endodontic reciprocating instruments were selected at random and distributed into the following study groups: A: 0 sterilization cycles/0s time of use (n = 10); B: 0/60 (n = 10); C: 0/120 (n = 10); D: 1/0 (n = 10); E: 1/60 (n = 10); F: 1/120 (n = 10); G: 5/0 (n = 10); H: 5/60 (n = 10); I: 5/120 (n = 10); J: 10/0 (n = 10); K: 10/60 (n = 10); and L: 10/120 (n = 10). A dynamic cyclic fatigue device was designed using computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering (CAD/CAE) technology and created with a 3D printer to simulate the pecking motion performed by the clinician. Failure of the endodontic rotary instrument was detected by a light-emitting diode-light-dependent resistor (LED-LDR) system controlled by an Arduino driver complex and management software. The results were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Results: All pairwise comparisons presented statistically significant differences between the time to failure, number of cycles to failure and number of cycles of in-and-out movement for the time of use study groups (p < 0.001), but not in the number of sterilization cycles (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The time of use of NiTi endodontic reciprocating files negatively affects dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance. Dynamic cyclic resistance is not affected by the number of sterilization cycles.

scholarly journals The Effect of Taper and Apical Diameter on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Rotary Endodontic Files Using an Experimental Electronic Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Vicente Faus-Llácer ◽  
Nirmine Hamoud Kharrat ◽  
Celia Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Ignacio Faus-Matoses ◽  
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Dynamic Resistance ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Cycles To Failure

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the taper and apical diameter of nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic rotary files on the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance. A total of 50 unused conventional NiTi wire alloy endodontic rotary instruments were used in this study. All NiTi endodontic rotary files were submitted to a custom-made dynamic cyclic fatigue device until fracture occurred. The time to failure, the number of cycles to failure, the number of pecking movements, and the length of the fractured file tip were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. In addition, the Weibull characteristic strength and Weibull modulus were also calculated. The paired t-test revealed statistically significant differences between the time to failure, number of cycles to failure, and number of cycles of in-and-out movement of both the apical diameter (p ˂ 0.001) and the taper (p ˂ 0.001) of NiTi endodontic rotary files; however, the results did not show statistically significant differences between the mean length of the fractured files regarding the apical diameter (p = 0.344) and taper study groups (p = 0.344). Increased apical diameter and taper of NiTi endodontic rotary files decreased their dynamic resistance to cyclic fatigue.

scholarly journals The Influence of NiTi Alloy on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Endodontic Files

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3755
Author(s):  
Celia Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Vicente Faus-Llácer ◽  
Ignacio Faus-Matoses ◽  
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽  
Salvatore Sauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Vortex Blue

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of NiTi alloy in endodontic rotary instruments on cyclic fatigue resistance. Methods: One hundred and sixty-four (164) sterile endodontic rotary files were selected and distributed into the following study groups: A: 25.08 F2 ProTaper Universal (PTU) (n = 41); B: 25.06 X2 ProTaper Next (PTN) (n = 41); C: 25.08 F2 ProTaper Gold (PTG) (n = 41), and D: 25.06 ProFile Vortex Blue (PVB) (n = 41). A cyclic fatigue device was designed to conduct the static cyclic fatigue tests with stainless steel artificial root canals systems with 250 µm apical diameter, 60° curvature angle, 5 mm radius of curvature, 20 mm length, and 6% (25.06) and 8% taper (25.08). Failure of the endodontic rotary instrument was detected by a single operator through direct observation and was also filmed to allow measurement of the exact time to failure. Results were analyzed using the ANOVA test and Weibull statistical analysis. Results: All pairwise comparisons presented statistically significant differences between the time to failure for the NiTi alloy study groups (p < 0.001), except between the PTN and PVB study groups (p = 0.379). In addition, statistically significant differences between the number of cycles to failure for the NiTi alloy study groups (p < 0.001) were also observed. Conclusions: The NiTi CM-Gold wire alloy of the ProTaper Gold endodontic rotary files resulted in greater resistance to cyclic fatigue than ProFile Vortex Blue, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Universal endodontic rotary files.

scholarly journals Influence of the Pecking Motion Frequency on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Endodontic Rotary Files

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽  
Jesús Mena Álvarez ◽  
Alberto Albaladejo Martínez ◽  
Juan José Segura-Egea ◽  
Javier Caviedes Brucheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Distribution Parameter ◽  
Weibull Statistics ◽  
Shape Distribution ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Purpose: To analyze the influence of the pecking motion frequency on the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic rotary files. Material and Methods: Sixty PlexV 25.06 endodontic rotary files were selected and distributed into three groups: 30 movements/min (n = 20), 60 movements/min (n = 20), and 120 movements/min (n = 20). A dynamic cyclic fatigue device was designed using Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Engineering (CAD/CAE) technology and manufactured by 3D impressions to simulate the pecking motion performed by an operator. Failures of the endodontic rotary files were detected by a Light-Emitting Diode (LED)/Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR) system controlled by an Arduino-Driver complex and management software. Endodontic rotary files were tested on an artificial root canal manufactured by wire electrical discharge machining (EDM), with similar dimensions to those of the instrument under examination. Endodontic rotary files were used following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Weibull statistics. Results: All pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in all three variables, except for the difference in the number of cycles between the groups with 60 and 120 movements/min (p = 0.298). The scale distribution parameter of Weibull statistics showed statistically significant differences in all three variables, except for the differences in the number of cycles between groups with 30 and 60 movements/min (p = 0.0722). No statistically significant differences in the three variables were observed for the shape distribution parameter. Conclusion: A low frequency of pecking motion is recommended to reduce the risk of failure of endodontic rotary files associated with cyclic fatigue.

scholarly journals Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Rotary NiTi Instruments after Simulated Clinical Use in Curved Root Canals

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Faciola Pessoa ◽  
Juliana Melo da Silva ◽  
Giulio Gavini
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Niti Instruments ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Curved Root Canals

The aim of this study was to assess cyclic fatigue resistance in rotary nickel-titanium instruments after simulated clinical use in curved root canals (40-degree, 5-mm radius curve). Thirty-six RaCe rotary NiTi files, size #5, taper 0.04, were divided into 3 groups: Groups A, B and C with one, three and five cycles of use, respectively. Time to failure was recorded with a stopwatch in seconds and subsequently converted to number of cycles to fracture. The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Five sets of clinically used files (group C) reached significantly lower cycle-numbers before fracture (mean=197.5 cycles) when compared with one set of clinically used files (mean=309.2) and three sets (mean=287.5). Results showed that the number of simulated clinical uses of RaCe instruments for shaping curved canals affects adversely the fatigue resistance of these instruments after five uses.

scholarly journals Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Single-use NiTi Instruments after Immersion in Sodium Hypochlorite

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dagna ◽  
Riccardo Beltrami ◽  
Marco Colombo ◽  
Marco Chiesa ◽  
Stefano Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Niti Instruments ◽  
Number Of Cycles

ABSTRACT The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of three single-use nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (One Shape, Reciproc and Wave One) after immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution over several time periods. A total of 135 One Shape, Reciproc R25 and Wave One Primary were tested. The 45 files of the same brand were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15) and submitted to the following immersion protocol: 1 minute in 5% NaOCl at 37°C, 5 minutes in 5% NaOCl at 37°C, no immersion (as control). Cyclic fatigue test was performed rotating/reciprocating all instruments in a stainless steel curved artificial canal (60° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius). The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was determined by measuring the time to fracture. The data were compared for differences by using 2-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). In general, resistance to cyclic fatigue was not significantly affected by immersion in NaOCl. Reciproc R2 showed the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in all groups compared to One Shape and Wave One. Immersion in NaOCl for 1 or 5 minutes did not reduce the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi single-use instruments significantly. Reciproc were more resistant, but the new rotary single-use One Shape instruments showed mechanical resistance similar to NiTi files developed for reciprocating motion. How to cite this article Dagna A, Beltrami R, Colombo M, Chiesa M, Bianchi S, Poggio C. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Single-use NiTi Instruments after Immersion in Sodium Hypochlorite. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2):67-72.

scholarly journals Effect of synchronous irrigation on cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium instrument in the dynamic and static models

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 228080002098740
Author(s):  
Haiyun Liu ◽  
Yanfeng Li ◽  
Guangquan Chai ◽  
Yuan Lv ◽  
Changjian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To evaluate the effect of synchronous water irrigation on the fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instrument. Methods: A standardized cyclic fatigue test models were established, and five types of nickel-titanium instruments (PTU F1, WO, WOG, RE, and M3) were applied. Each instrument was randomly divided into two groups ( N = 12). There was synchronous water irrigation in the experimental group, and no water irrigation in the control group. Besides, ProTaper Universal F1 was randomly divided into 10 groups ( N = 20). In the static group, nickel-titanium instruments were divided into one control group (no irrigation, N = 20) and six experimental group (irrigation, N = 20) based on different flow rate, angle and position; while in the dynamic group, instruments were divided into one control group (no irrigation, N = 20) and two experimental group (irrigation, N = 20) based on different flow rate. The rotation time (Time to Failure, TtF) of instruments was recorded and analyzed. Results: According to the static experiments, the TtF of instruments in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the static control group. Besides, the dynamic tests of PTU F1 showed that the TtF in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the dynamic control group. Compared with control group, the TtF in the experimental groups increased by at least about 30% and up to 160%. The static and dynamic tests of PTU F1 showed that the TtF of nickel-titanium instrument in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between any two experimental groups. Conclusion: Regardless of dynamic or static model, TtF with irrigation was longer than that with non-irrigation, indicating that synchronous irrigation can increase the fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instrument. However, different irrigation conditions may have the same effect on the fatigue resistance.

scholarly journals Shaping and Centering Ability, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Fractographic Analysis of Three Thermally Treated NiTi Endodontic Instrument Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5823
Author(s):  
Saulius Drukteinis ◽  
Vytaute Peciuliene ◽  
Ruta Bendinskaite ◽  
Vilma Brukiene ◽  
Rasmute Maneliene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Fractographic Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Thermally Treated

The better understanding of the clinically important behavioral features of new instrument systems has an important significance for the clinical endodontics. This study aimed to investigate the shaping and centering ability as well as cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex CM (CM), HyFlex EDM (EDM) and EdgeFile (EF) thermally treated nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic instrument systems. Sixty curved root canals of the mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 20) and shaped using CM, EDM and EF files up to the size 40 and taper 04 of the instruments. µCT scanning of the specimens before and after preparation was performed and the morphometric 2D and 3D parameters were evaluated in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of root canals. In each group, 40.04 instruments (n = 20) were subjected to the cyclic fatigue resistance test in artificial root canals at 37 °C temperature until fractures occurred, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The fractographic analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, evaluating topographic features and surface profiles of the separated instruments. The one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tuckey’s test was used for statistical analysis of the data; the significance level was set at 5%. All systems prepared the comparable percentage of root canal surface with the similar magnitude of canal transportation in all root thirds (p > 0.05), but demonstrated significantly different resistance to cyclic fatigue (p < 0.05). The most resistant to fracture was EF, followed by EDM and CM. The length of the fractured fragments was not significantly different between the groups, and fractographic analysis by SEM detected the typical topographic features of separated thermally treated NiTi instrument surfaces.

scholarly journals Cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape, Twisted File and EndoSequence Xpress nickel-titanium rotary files at intracanal temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülşah Uslu ◽  
Taha Özyürek ◽  
Mustafa Gündoğar ◽  
Koray Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Analyze Data

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape, Twisted File (TF) and EndoSequence Xpress (ESX) nickel-titanium rotary files at intracanal temperature (35°C). Methods. Twenty 2Shape TS1 (25/.04), 20 TF (25/.04) and 20 ESX (25/.04) files were tested for cyclic fatigue at intracanal temperature (35°C). All the instruments were rotated in artificial canals which were made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature and a radius curvature of 5 mm until fracture occurred; the time to fracture was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) for each file was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction was performed to statistically analyze data using SPSS 21.0. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. NCF values revealed that the 2Shape had significantly the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by TF and ESX at intracanal temperature (P<0.05). The difference was significant between the TF and ESX groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among the 2Shape, TF and ESX files with respect to the lengths of the fractured file fragments (P>.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of present study, it was concluded that the cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape files at the intracanal temperature is higher than that of TF and ESX files.

scholarly journals Impact of Peracetic Acid on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instrument

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Suhad Jabbar Hamed Al-Nasrawi ◽  
Zuha Ayad Jaber ◽  
Nibrass Talib Al-Quraine ◽  
Abtesam Imhemed Aljdaimi ◽  
Sattar Jabbar Abdul-Zahra Al-Hmedat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Respective Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Impact

Peracetic acid (PAA) is widely used as a sterilizing/disinfecting agent, and, in endodontics, it has been introduced as a promising irrigant in root canal treatment. It has been used at different concentrations to achieve various functions. However, endodontic instruments in contact with PAA of a certain concentration may affect their fatigue resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of PAA on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three commercial heat-treated nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files. Three types of heat-treated NiTi rotary files were selected: One Curve (OC), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and Wave One Gold (WOG). Each type was divided into three subgroups (n = 6 for each file type): (1) untreated instruments; (2) files immersed in 0.002% PAA; and (3) files immersed in 0.35% PAA. The performance of each file type was tested in a simulated canal. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was determined to assess cyclic fatigue resistance of the files. Independent sample t-test was applied to compare each treated file within a subgroup with its respective control group, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among the main groups. All types of tested files revealed a significant decline in the cyclic fatigue resistance after exposure to 0.002% PAA except the PTG ( P = 0.209 ). After exposure of the files to a higher concentration (0.35% PAA), a dramatic reduction was demonstrated by all the groups. Before and after exposure of the files to PAA, PTG displayed the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by the WOG, while the OC showed the lowest resistance. Exposure of heated-treated NiTi files to PAA in a relatively high or low concentration adversely affects the cyclic fatigue resistance. The PTG files demonstrated the best performance among the tested types and can be disinfected with 0.002% PAA for clinical purpose.

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