scholarly journals Prevalence of dental caries in the first permanent molar and associated risk factors among sixth-grade students in São Tomé Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Que ◽  
Mao Jia ◽  
Zhen You ◽  
Li-cheng Jiang ◽  
Chun-guang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Grade School ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Sixth Grade Students ◽  
Dmft Index

Abstract Background Dental caries is one of the most preventable oral diseases among children in developing countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in the first permanent molar and analyze the related risk factors among sixth-grade students in São Tomé Island. Methods A cross-sectional study with a stratified cluster sampling method was conducted on 1855 sixth-grade school children, mainly aged 11 to 14 years old, from 10 schools in 6 regions of São Tomé Island, from April 17 to June 27, 2021. Dental caries examination was performed by using the CAST criteria (DMFT) index, and the self-administered questionnaires about family background, oral hygiene, and relevant behaviors were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study risk factors related to dental caries of the first permanent molar, and all data analyses were done using SPSS version 25. Results The prevalence of dental caries in the first permanent molar was 68.79%, without significant difference between gender, age, residence, and whether only child or not. The mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surface (DMFS) index were 1.751 ± 1.514 and 3.542 ± 3.941, respectively. The rate of filling teeth was 5.50%, and Pit and Fissure Sealant (PFS) rate was 2.21%. The overall prevalence and DMFT index of dental caries of permanent teeth was 76.01% and 2.753 ± 4.569, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that the frequency of candy/chocolate consumption (OR = 1.095) and fair self-assessment of dental health (OR = 1.354) were significantly associated with dental caries (P < 0.05). Conclusions The high prevalence of dental caries in the first permanent molar was a public health issue among sixth-grade school children in São Tomé Island. The prevalence of dental caries, mean DMFT and DMFS scores were higher, while the rate of filling and PFS teeth were lower than the average score of other African countries. Thus, oral health education, implement oral health preaching to school children and their parents is crucial to prevent dental caries.

scholarly journals Dental Caries Experience in 6-13 Years Old School Children of Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sigdel Bastola ◽  
Bandana Koirala ◽  
Mamta Dali ◽  
Sneha Shrestha ◽  
Dharanidhar Baral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Dental caries though preventable oral health problem is affecting school children worldwide and around 50% of Nepalese children are suffering from it. Baseline data with good understanding of dental caries and associated risk factors are necessary to form preventive strategies for setting and achieving oral health goals. Objective: This study was conducted to determine dental caries experience and associated risk factors among school-going children of 6-13 years old in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 5th Jan 2018 to 4th Jan 2019 among 680 school children selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Pretested, standardized, closed-ended questionnaire answered by the parents was used to gather information regarding the associated risk factors. Dental caries experience was obtained from deft/DMFT (WHO modification 1997). Comparison of categorical data was done using Chi-square test. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The overall caries prevalence was 61.6%, in primary dentition it was 48.25% and in permanent dentition it was 34.4%. Dental caries experience was with mean deft 4.67 (±2.7) in primary dentition and mean DMFT 1.72 (±1.05).in permanent dentition. Multivariate analysis showed significant association between dental caries experience and grade three and grade four school children had experienced greater caries (p<0.05, OR =2.7). Dental caries was associated with eating sweets at night (p<0.001, OR=2.5) and snacking in-between meals (p<0.001, OR=2.5). Conclusions: Dental caries among school-children in Dharan showed a significant burden especially within the primary dentition. It was significantly associated with factors like feeding habits -eating sweets in a day, eating sweets at night and snaking in between meals

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries and Its Associated Factors among Primary School Children in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anguach Shitie ◽  
Rahel Addis ◽  
Abebe Tilahun ◽  
Wassie Negash
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Education Program ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Mouth Wash

Background. Dental caries (decay or cavities) is a breakdown of teeth as a result of bacteria. Dental caries is one of the preventable oral health problems and the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Poor dental and oral health affect the quality of children’s life. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of dental caries and its associated factors among primary school children in Alem Ketema, North Showa, Ethiopia. Methodology. An institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 422 primary school children, from February 9 to March 8, 2020. Pretested structured questionnaire and oral examinations were conducted by using the WHO criteria (DMFT) index to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi-Data 3.1 software, and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23 and variables with P value ≤0.05 in the multivariable binary logistic analysis were considered as a cut-point to declare statistical significance. Result. The prevalence of dental caries was 46.9% (95% CI: 42.1, 51.7). The mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was 1.28 (±1.21). Being male (AOR = 1.975, 95% CI = 1.067–3.66), lack of parents’ insistence (AOR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.079–3.902), lack of oral health education program (AOR = 4.753, 95% CI = 1.69–13.38), history of dental aches (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.55–5.32), and poor habit of mouth wash (AOR = 4.74, 95% CI = 2.55–8.79) were found significantly associated with dental caries. Conclusion. The prevalence of dental caries was higher and a common public health problem among school children. Lack of parent’s insistence, sex, dental ache history, poor practices of mouth wash, and lack of oral health education were significant predictors of dental caries. Therefore, oral health education program and parents encouraging their children to practice oral hygiene are important to prevent dental caries.

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Mei ◽  
Zhiyuan Wei ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Xiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou China. Methods: Preschool children aged 3 were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method. Dental examinations were carried out by one trained dentist, and oral health-related data were collected. Examinations were surface-specific for dental caries, following World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Bivariate tests and logistic regression models were used to investigate the risk factors of dental caries. Results: A total of 693 children were recruited for the study, and 445 completed the dental examination. Among the 445 children, the prevalence of ECC was 59.8%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) was 2.9, and of the total dmft, only 6.3% were filled. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary surface (dmfs) was 4.9. Logistic regression analyses identified age and parents’ oral health knowledge level were associated with the experience of ECC (P<0.05). Conclusions: A higher prevalence of ECC was observed and most of the carious teeth were not restored. The experience of ECC was related to age and parents’ oral health knowledge level.

scholarly journals Indeks karies gigi murid usia 12 tahun dengan tingkat pendapatan orangtua rendah dan tinggiDental caries index of 12-years-old students with low and high parental income levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Meilani Yustri Hutami ◽  
Marlin Himawati ◽  
Ratih Widyasari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
High Income ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Dmft Index

Pendahuluan: Karies adalah penyakit gigi yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Karies gigi sering dialami oleh anak usia sekolah. Karies disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Empat faktor risiko primer atau yang utama adalah host, mikroorganisme, substrat, dan waktu. Faktor risiko sekunder terdiri dari usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, ras, lingkungan, perilaku, dan  sosioekonomi. Sosioekonomi biasanya berhubungan dengan pendapatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui indeks karies gigi berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan orangtua murid usia 12 tahun. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan tiga cluster sekolah dasar terpilih dari 125 cluster sekolah dasar yang berada di Kota Cimahi dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling yang terdiri dari 150 subjek anak untuk dilakukan penelitian. Hasil: Anak berusia 12 tahun dengan pendapatan orangtua tinggi menunjukkan indeks DMFT rendah yaitu 1,2 dan orangtua dengan pendapatan rendah menunjukkan indeks DMFT tinggi yaitu 4,1 dikarenakan pendapatan tinggi dapat mempunyai akses terhadap pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang khusus dan upaya pencegahan karies gigi. Pendapatan tinggi dapat memperlihatkan indeks DMFT lebih rendah. Faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi yaitu akses kesehatan, lingkungan, diet, serta perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.  Simpulan: Murid dengan orangtua berpendapatan tinggi menunjukkan indeks DMFT rendah yaitu 1,2 dan murid dengan orangtua berpendapatan rendah menunjukkan indeks DMFT tinggi yaitu 4,1.Kata kunci: Indeks karies, karies, pendapatan orangtua ABSTRACTIntroduction: Caries is a dental disease that affects many Indonesians. School-age children often experience dental caries. Caries is caused by many factors. The four primary risk factors are hosts, microorganisms, substrate, and time. Secondary risk factors are age, gender, education level, race, environment, behaviour, and socioeconomics. Socioeconomics is usually related to income. The purpose of the study was to determine dental caries index based on the level of 12-years-old students based on their parent’s income. Methods: This research was descriptive with three clusters of selected primary schools from 125 clusters of elementary schools in the city of Cimahi using random cluster sampling consisted of 150 child subjects. Results: 12-years-old children with high parental income showed a low DMFT index of 1.2 and low-income parents showed a high DMFT index of 4.1 because high income could have access to special dental and oral health services and prevention efforts for dental caries. High income showed a lower DMFT index. Other factors affected were health access, environment, diet, and dental and oral health care. Conclusion: Students with high-income parents show a low DMFT index of 1.2 and students with low-income parents show a high DMFT index of 4.1.Keywords: Caries index, caries, parental income

scholarly journals Impact of dental caries on oral health related quality of life among preschool children: perceptions of parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Pakkhesal ◽  
Elham Riyahi ◽  
AliAkbar Naghavi Alhosseini ◽  
Parisa Amdjadi ◽  
Nasser Behnampour
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Childhood dental caries can affect the children’s and their parents’ oral health-related quality of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of oral and dental health conditions on the oral health-related quality of life in preschool children and their parents. Methods In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, samples were selected from children 3 to 6 years old enrolled in licensed kindergartens using "proportional allocation" sampling. Then, the parents of the children were asked to complete the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Results In this study, 350 children aged 3 to 6 years were evaluated with a mean age of 4.73 years. The mean dmft index (decayed, missed, and filled teeth) was 3.94 ± 4.17. The mean score of oral health-related quality of life was 11.88 ± 6.9, which 9.36 ± 5.02 belongs to the impact on children and 2.52 ± 3.20 to parents' impact. Conclusions The mean score of ECOHIS increased with the dmft index increase in children, indicating a significant relationship between the dmft and ECOHIS score. These outcomes can be used as proper resources to develop preventive policies and promote oral health in young children.

scholarly journals Experience and Prevalence of Dental Caries in 6 to 12-Year-Old School Children in an Agricultural Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Juan José Villalobos-Rodelo ◽  
Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez ◽  
Rosalina Islas-Zarazúa ◽  
Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez ◽  
Mariana Mora-Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Migrant Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Agricultural Worker ◽  
Dmft Index

Objective: To describe the experience and prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years belonging to agricultural manual worker households. Material and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of schoolchildren: One considered “children of agricultural worker migrant parents” (n = 157) and the other “children of agricultural worker non-migrant parents” (n = 164). Epidemiological indices for dental caries were calculated for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) dentitions, and compared in terms of age, sex, and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI). Two binary logistic regression models for caries prevalence in primary and permanent dentitions were generated in Stata. Results: For primary dentition, we observed the following dmft index: Non-migrants = 1.73 ± 2.18 vs. migrants = 1.68 ± 2.14. Additionally, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 59.1% vs. migrants = 51.3%. For permanent dentition, we observed the following DMFT index: Non-migrants = 0.32 ± 0.81 vs. migrants = 0.29 ± 0.95. Further, we recorded the following caries prevalence: Non-migrants = 17.6% vs. migrants = 12.8%. No differences were observed for either dentition (p > 0.05) in caries indices and their components or in caries prevalence. When both caries indices (dmft and DMFT) were combined, the non-migrant group had a higher level of caries experience than the migrant group (p < 0.05). No relationship (p > 0.05) with migrant status was observed in either multivariate models of caries prevalence. However, age did exhibit an association (p < 0.05) with caries. Only the plaque component of SOHI was associated (p < 0.05) with caries in permanent dentition. Conclusions: Although over half of school children from agricultural manual worker households had caries in either or both dentitions and a considerable proportion were untreated lesions, the prevalence levels were somewhat lower than other reports from Mexico in similar age groups. No statistically significant differences were found in caries experience or prevalence in either dentition between non-migrant and migrant groups.

scholarly journals Human Intestinal Parasites: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Grade School Children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kefale Shiferaw ◽  
Teklemichael Tesfay ◽  
Girmay Kalayu ◽  
Gebrehiwot Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Grade School ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in grade school children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 155 (40.4%). Among these, Ascaris lumbricoides 122 (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica 18 (4.7%) were predominant. Of the total 155 (40.4%) positive individuals, 149 (39%) had a single infection and the rest 6 (1.6%) had double parasitic infections. Of the different variables assessed, age, gender, shoe wearing, and eating raw or undercooked vegetables were not significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites ( P > 0.05 ). However, a statistically significant association ( P < 0.05 ) was observed between infected children and variables including defecation habit (AOR = 0.216), cleanliness of fingernails (AOR = 0.146), drinking river water (AOR = 0.124), and hand washing habit after defecation (AOR = 0.236) ( P < 0.05 ). Regular deworming, education on personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation to both students and their parents shall be implemented to reduce the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections in the study area.

Caries Risk Factors among Three-year Old Children in Chiba, Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Tada ◽  
Yuichi Ando ◽  
Nobuhiro Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

In order to predict the factors which affect the occurrence of dental caries in children after the age 18-months, we analyzed the relationship between the increment of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) in children from 18-months to three-years of age and caries risk factors. Subjects were 392 infants who received both an 18-month-old check-up and a three-year-old check-up in Chiba city. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the results with the increment of the dmft by various combinations of independent variables (sex, order of birth, sweets intake, beverage intake, tooth brushing and feeding). The most predictive factors for the increment of the dmft in upper anterior and molar were “breast feeding” and “bottle feeding” respectively. From these results, we concluded that bottle feeding and breast feeding were the risk factors for the increment of the dmft from the age of 18-months to three years.

scholarly journals Improving Knowledge of Oral and Dental Health in Parents of Elementary School Children Through ‘Gigi Sehat’ Video Channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Aulia Ramadhani ◽  
Hillary Desiree Raharyani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Background: Dental caries is one of the dental and oral health problems found the most in children. A previous study in Surabaya has revealed a high prevalence of dental caries in pre-school children (67.5%) resulting in a high severity level (def: 7.0). It occurred because of the poor mother’s knowledge of dental and oral health. It could be due to poor efforts to access information about oral and dental health which significantly affects child dental care. Studies show mothers in Surabaya mostly used Youtube as one of the media for accessing the information on the internet (46.2%). In Surabaya, the percentage of mothers having smartphones for accessing the internet was high (91.6%). Purpose: This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of the Youtube channel in improving parents’ knowledge about dental and oral health. Methods: This study was observational descriptive research using a cross-sectional study design. Thirty samples were selected through the total sampling of the population of parents in one of the elementary schools in Surabaya, Indonesia. This study employed pre-test and post-test methods to measure an increase in knowledge level. The participants’ knowledge was assessed before and after they were briefed and asked to watch Youtube videos regularly for 4 weeks. Data collected were then analyzed by the paired T-Test comparison test in SPSS. Results: In the pre-test, the participants’ knowledge about dental and oral health was at a 65% level. While the post-test showed an increase in their knowledge into 93%. There was a significant difference between the two results (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Educative video channels on dental and oral health can effectively improve parents’ knowledge about dental and oral health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of odontogenic infections and their risk factors among the general population of Hyderabad, Pakistan.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1931-1936
Author(s):  
Khurram Anwar ◽  
Naveed Irfan ◽  
Mudassar Iqbal Arain ◽  
Saira Shahnaz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
General Population ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Diseases

Objectives: Oral health performs a central part in general health which is associated with good oral hygiene. Teeth and their supporting (periodontal) structures are considered most important to oral health. Therefore, Most prevalent oral diseases such as odontogenic infections (dental caries, gingivitis, periodontal disease) gum disease, oral mucosal and congenital dental problems are foremost oral health dilemma in general population. Objective: The main objective of current study was to find out the Prevalence of odontogenic infections and their risk factors among the general population. Study Design: This is a descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: Dental patients who came to different dental clinical settings of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Period: August to December 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 300 patient’s data were collected. In current study, the variables of interest are microbial odontogenic infections such as dental caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease were included in study. Following risk factors were explored: gender, age, residence, education level, disease duration, smoking, family history, and tooth paste habit. All information/data were personally collected by interview technique and oral cavity examination. The observational data were reported in the specific form and used descriptive statistics to find out the results. Results: A total of 300 dental patients having various infections such as gingivitis (47%), dental caries (20.7%) and periodontal infection (32.3%) were reported in this study. Of these, 162(54%) were females and 138(46%) of males. The most common age of patients i.e. 41.7% were from 41 to 60 years. Education status showed that 86% of the dental patients had education and 35.3% had family history of dental diseases. Factors such as mostly duration of diseases were > 6 months(33.7%) and almost 66% patients has habit of cleaning the teeths, However, Calculus and tarta deposited in 62.7% patients teeth. Smoking (21.3%) and 46.6% patients used sweet foods on daily purpose. Moreover, amoxicillin most frequently prescribed antimicrobial agent 39% followed by metronidazole 32.7%. Conclusion: Dental diseases are common public health problem among our society, poor oral hygiene & dietary habits and deposition of calculus are associated factors for odontogenic infections. Moreover, prescribing pattern shows that Amoxicillin and Metronidazole has been considered as first-line treatment for oral infections. Therefore, oral hygiene education, dietary and proper cleaning of teeth habits and dental visit at early stage of disease should be recommended for patients to avoid and cure dental odontogenic infections.

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