Caries Risk Factors among Three-year Old Children in Chiba, Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Tada ◽  
Yuichi Ando ◽  
Nobuhiro Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

In order to predict the factors which affect the occurrence of dental caries in children after the age 18-months, we analyzed the relationship between the increment of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) in children from 18-months to three-years of age and caries risk factors. Subjects were 392 infants who received both an 18-month-old check-up and a three-year-old check-up in Chiba city. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the results with the increment of the dmft by various combinations of independent variables (sex, order of birth, sweets intake, beverage intake, tooth brushing and feeding). The most predictive factors for the increment of the dmft in upper anterior and molar were “breast feeding” and “bottle feeding” respectively. From these results, we concluded that bottle feeding and breast feeding were the risk factors for the increment of the dmft from the age of 18-months to three years.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship between Asthma and Coffee/Green Tea/Soda Intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7471
Author(s):  
Jee Hye Wee ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Chang Myeon Song ◽  
Hyo-Jeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Soda Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to evaluate the association between asthma and the intake of coffee/green tea/soda. We used Health Examinee data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2004–2016). The participants (n = 3146 with asthma; n = 158,902 non-asthma) were asked about the frequency and amount of their coffee/green tea/soda intake. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthma according to the frequency and amount of coffee/green tea/soda intake. Compared to the group consuming no coffee, the aORs for asthma were 0.82 (95% CI = 0.73–0.93, p = 0.002) in the group consuming coffee 1–2 times/day and 0.87 (95% CI = 0.78–0.97, p = 0.011) in the group consuming coffee in quantities of 1 cup, respectively. However, the frequency and amount of green tea and soda consumption were not significantly associated with asthma after adjusting for coffee consumption (all p > 0.05). These findings were consistent in the female subgroup (1–2 times/day: aOR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66–0.87, p < 0.001, and 1 cup each time: aOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70–0.90, p < 0.001) but not in the male subgroup. Drinking 1 cup of coffee each time and 1–2 times per day may have protective effects against asthma in a Korean population. However, the associations between asthma and green tea/soda cannot be clearly established.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Risiko Karies Gigi dengan Status Karies Gigi pada Anak Usia Dini (Studi pada TK Pelita Takwa, Pondok Betung, Tangerang Selatan)

e-GIGI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Yufitri Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Basic health research of Indonesia in 2018 showed that early childhood caries affected 93% of children. Early dental caries risk assessment using a dental caries risk simulator could be used to determine the appropriate program to prevent dental caries. This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between risk factors and dental caries status in early childhood. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design using total sampling method. There were 51 preschool children at Taman Kanak Kanak (kindergaten school) Pelita Takwa, Pondok Betung, South Tangerang as samples. Dental caries was assessed by using the def-t index and dental caries risks were assessed by using the Irene's donut program. Interactive interviews with parents were conducted to determine the risk factors for dental caries among the students. The results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 84.3% and the mean def-t was 5.35. The chi-square test was carried out to determine the relationship between dental caries status and risk factors. The result was not significant for three questions related to the factors, as follows: the child's tooth surface had white spots, the acidity level of the child's teeth was below pH 6.5, and the mother's age was 36 years old. Albeit, twelve other risk factors were shown to be associated with dental caries status. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was still high. Risk factors related to the dental caries status among pre-school children can be used as educational materials targeting pre-school children and their parents.Keywords: caries risk; dental caries; preschool children Abstrak: Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia tahun 2018 menunjukkan bahwa 93% anak usia dini mengalami karies gigi. Penilaian risiko karies gigi sejak dini menggunakan simulator risiko karies gigi dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk menentukan program yang tepat dalam mencegah terjadinya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor risiko dengan status karies gigi pada anak usia dini. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan metode total sampling. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 51 anak usia dini di sekolah Taman Kanak-Kanak Pelita Takwa, Pondok Betung, Tangerang Selatan. Karies gigi dinilai menggunakan indeks def-t dan risiko karies subjek dinilai menggunakan program Irene’s donut. Wawancara interaktif dengan orang tua dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko terjadinya karies gigi pada pasien tersebut. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan prevalensi karies gigi sebesar 84,3% dengan rerata def-t 5,35. Uji chi-square terhadap hubungan status karies gigi dengan faktor risiko mendapatkan hasil tidak bermakna pada tiga pertanyaan terkait faktor permukaan gigi anak ada bercak putih, tingkat keasaman kuman gigi anak di bawah pH 6,5, dan usia ibu 36 tahun ke atas. Dua belas faktor risiko lainnya terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan status karies gigi.  Simpulan penelitian ini ialah prevalensi karies gigi pada anak prasekolah masih tinggi. Faktor-faktor risiko yang terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan status karies gigi anak dapat dijadikan materi edukasi dengan sasaran anak pra sekolah serta orang tuanya.Kata kunci: risiko karies; karies gigi; anak usia pra sekolah

scholarly journals Caries prevalence of the first permanent molars in 6–8 years old children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245345
Author(s):  
Fudong Zhu ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Yunxian Yu ◽  
Yanyi Xie ◽  
Haihua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
First Permanent Molars

Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting 6–8-year-old children, especially their first permanent molars (FPMs). This study explored the prevalence of dental caries on FPMs by analyzing the oral health status of 1,423,720 children aged 6–8 years in Zhejiang Province, China. The data were extracted from the dental electronic records of the schoolchildren attending the Oral Health Promotion Project (OHPP), conducted during 2013–2017 in Zhejiang Province. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the factors affecting dental caries. Boys and girls accounted for 53.2% and 46.8% of the subjects, respectively. From 2013 to 2017, the prevalence of dental caries on FPMs increased: 2013: 20.4%; 2014: 25.3%; 2015: 24.5%; 2016: 27.0%; and 2017: 29.0%, despite the OHPP conducted. Based on multiple logistic regression model, girls had a significantly higher risk of FPM caries compared to boys (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.37–1.39, p < 0.0001); compared with the caries rates in urban areas, the caries risk was significantly higher in rural areas (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.14–1.16, p < 0.0001). In terms of geographic location in Zhejiang Province, the odds ratios of the caries risk of the east, south, west, and north were 1.35 (1.33–1.36), 1.3 (1.28–1.31), 0.81 (0.8–0.83), and 0.82 (0.81–0.84), respectively (p < 0.0001), by considering the central region as a reference. The caries prevalence of FPMs was high, with an increasing tendency and gender, social, cultural, and environmental factors affecting the caries prevalence.

Physical and Psychosocial Work-related Risk Factors Associated with Neck–Shoulder Discomfort in Male and Female Music Teachers

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Anncristine Fjellman-Wiklund ◽  
Christine Brulin ◽  
Gunnevi Sundelin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychosocial Work Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Factors

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between individual, physical, and psychosocial aspects of the work environment and musculoskeletal discomfort in the neck-shoulder region, in male and female music teachers. A questionnaire was distributed by mail that was based on the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) and the demand-control-support questionnaire on psychosocial work factors. The questionnaire included additional items on playing habits, weekly amount of performing and practice time, physical exercise during leisure time, perceived general health, and physical workload. The study population consisted of all music teachers employed at all 23 municipality music schools in the northern region of Sweden. Out of 287 music teachers, 208 (72.5%) agreed to participate, 88 women and 120 men. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the role of exposure factors in relation to the risk of discomfort in the neck-shoulder area. All analyses were performed separately for women and men, adjusting for age. Of the total number of participants, 82% reported that they had experienced discomfort during the preceding 12 months. The female teachers reported significantly more symptoms in the neck (p = 0.02), the shoulders (p = 0.02), and the upper back (p = 0.00) compared with the male teachers. In the multiple logistic regression analyses, neck-shoulder discomfort during the previous 7-day period was associated with both physical and psychosocial work factors. The risk association patterns were different between the female and male music teachers. The strongest risk factors for women were high psychological demands (OR 6.0, CI 1.1-32.4) and teaching at many schools (OR 4.8, CI 1.0-24.4). For men, lifting (OR 8.7, CI 2.1-34.8), playing the guitar (OR 6.0, CI 1.5-23.6), and low social support (OR 3.1, CI 1.0-9.7) were the strongest risk factors.

Pre-pandemic Influences on Kenyan Girls’ Transitions to Adulthood during COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-150
Author(s):  
Meghan Bellerose ◽  
Maryama Diaw ◽  
Jessie Pinchoff ◽  
Beth Kangwana ◽  
Karen Austrian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Population Council ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Relationship

COVID-19 containment measures have left adolescent girls in Nairobi, Kenya vulnerable to negative educational, economic, and secondary health outcomes that threaten their safe transitions into adulthood. In June 2020, the Population Council conducted phone-based surveys with 856 girls aged between 10 and 19 in 5 informal settlements who had been surveyed prior to COVID-19 as part of five longitudinal studies. We performed bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to assess the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and potential protective or risk factors. We found that younger girls are experiencing high levels of food insecurity and difficulty learning from home during school closures, while many older girls face the immediate risk of dropping out of school permanently and have been forgoing needed health services.

785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A305-A306
Author(s):  
Jesse Moore ◽  
Ellita Williams ◽  
Collin Popp ◽  
Anthony Briggs ◽  
Judite Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score &gt;13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= &lt;.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=&lt;.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

scholarly journals Relation between body composition and severe diarrhea in patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation with capecitabine for rectal cancer: a single-centre cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. van Rees ◽  
W. Hartman ◽  
J. J. M. E. Nuyttens ◽  
E. Oomen-de Hoop ◽  
J. L. A. van Vugt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preoperative Chemoradiation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chemoradiation with capecitabine followed by surgery is standard care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Severe diarrhea is considered a dose-limiting toxicity of adding capecitabine to radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the risk factors and the impact of body composition on severe diarrhea in patients with LARC during preoperative chemoradiation with capecitabine. Methods A single centre retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre. All patients treated with preoperative chemoradiation with capecitabine for LARC from 2009 to 2015 were included. Patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer who received chemoradiation for the first time were included as well. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe diarrhea. Results A total of 746 patients were included. Median age was 64 years (interquartile range 57–71) and 477 patients (64%) were male. All patients received a radiation dosage of 25 × 2 Gy during a period of five weeks with either concomitant capecitabine administered on radiation days or continuously during radiotherapy. In this cohort 70 patients (9%) developed severe diarrhea. In multivariable logistic regression analyses female sex (OR: 4.42, 95% CI 2.54–7.91) and age ≥ 65 (OR: 3.25, 95% CI 1.85–5.87) were the only risk factors for severe diarrhea. Conclusions Female patients and patients aged sixty-five or older had an increased risk of developing severe diarrhea during preoperative chemoradiation therapy with capecitabine. No relation was found between body composition and severe diarrhea.

Association between Procalcitonin and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Bacterial Septic Shock

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Guang Fu ◽  
Hai-chao Zhan ◽  
Hao-li Li ◽  
Jun-fu Lu ◽  
Yan-hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between serum procalcitonin (PCT) and acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by bacterial septic shock. Methods: A retrospective study was designed which included patients who were admitted to the ICU from January 2015 to October 2018. Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) as well as smooth curve fitting analysis were used to assess the relationship between the PCT level and AKI. Results: Of the 1,631 patients screened, 157 patients were included in the primary analysis in which 84 (53.5%) patients were with AKI. Multiple logistic regression results showed that PCT (odds ratio [OR] = 1.017, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.009–1.025, p < 0.001) was associated with AKI induced by septic shock. The ROC analysis showed that the cutoff point for PCT to predict AKI development was 14 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 63% and specificity 67%. Specifically, in multivariate piecewise linear regression, the occurrence of AKI decreased with the elevation of PCT when PCT was between 25 ng/mL and 120 ng/mL (OR 0.963, 95% CI 0.929–0.999; p = 0.042). The AKI increased with the elevation of PCT when PCT was either <25 ng/mL (OR 1.077, 95% CI 1.022–1.136; p = 0.006) or >120 ng/mL (OR 1.042, 95% CI 1.009–1.076; p = 0.013). Moreover, the PCT level was significantly higher in the AKI group only in female patients aged ≤75 years (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our data revealed a nonlinear relationship between PCT and AKI in septic shock patients, and PCT could be used as a potential biomarker of AKI in female patients younger than 75 years with bacterial septic shock.

scholarly journals Risk factors for radiation-induced lung injury in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: implication for treatment strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Sha ◽  
Jigang Dong ◽  
Maoyu Wang ◽  
Ziyu Chen ◽  
Peng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Radiotherapy Dose ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Abstract Background The radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS) is very common in clinical settings; we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of RILI in NSCLS patients, to provide insights into the treatment of NSCLS. Methods NSCLC patients undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in our hospital from June 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, were included. The characteristics and treatments of RILI and non-RILI patients were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC. Results A total of 126 NSCLC patients were included; the incidence of RILI in NSCLC patients was 35.71%. There were significant differences in diabetes, smoke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy dose, and planning target volume (PTV) between the RILI group and the non-RILI group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that diabetes (OR 3.076, 95%CI 1.442~5.304), smoke (OR 2.745, 95%CI 1.288~4.613), COPD (OR 3.949, 95%CI 1.067~5.733), concurrent chemotherapy (OR 2.072, 95%CI 1.121~3.498), radiotherapy dose ≥ 60 Gy (OR 3.841, 95%CI 1.932~5.362), and PTV ≥ 396 (OR 1.247, 95%CI 1.107~1.746) were the independent risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC (all P < 0.05). Conclusions RILI is commonly seen in NSCLS patients; early targeted measures are warranted for patients with those risk factors; future studies with larger sample sizes and different areas are needed to further elucidate the influencing factors of RILI in the treatment of NSCLS.

scholarly journals Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Weinstein ◽  
Preetha Abraham ◽  
Guoqing Diao ◽  
Stacey A. Zeno ◽  
Patricia A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of African American individuals.Design. A nonrandom sample of 253 (age 43.7 ± 11.6 years; 37% male) African American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Data were obtained by validated questionnaires, anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sample measurements.Results. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk factors controlling for socioeconomic status indicators. These analyses demonstrated that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms had larger waist-to-hip ratios, higher percent body fat, higher triglycerides, and were more likely to be smokers.Conclusions. It has been well documented that higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with higher CVD risk. However, this evidence is derived primarily from samples of predominantly Caucasian individuals. The present investigation demonstrates that depressive symptoms are related to CVD risk factors in African American individuals.

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