scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of vitamin D3 on mandibular condyles in an ovariectomized mouse model: a micro-CT study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szandra Körmendi ◽  
Bálint Vecsei ◽  
Szilvia Ambrus ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
Csaba Dobó-Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Ovariectomized Mouse ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of ovariectomy and vitamin D3 on bone microstructure; this effect was examined in three regions of interest at one femoral and two mandibular sampling sites bone in an ovariectomized mouse model. Methods Thirty-six week-old female mice were randomly divided into three groups: 10 subjects were given oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) daily for 6 weeks after undergoing bilateral ovariectomy (D3 group), while 10 ovariectomized subjects (OVX) and 10 subjects who underwent a sham operation (SHAM) received peanut oil daily during the investigation. After extermination, the left hemimandible and femur were removed and scanned by micro-CT. The bone micromorphology parameters were analyzed and the BMD was calculated. Results The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was significantly lower in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyle in the OVX group than in the SHAM and D3 groups. Also there was a significant difference between the SHAM and D3 groups. The specific bone surface (BS/BV) was significantly higher in the OVX and D3 groups than in the SHAM group. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was significantly higher in the SHAM group, and the trabecular bone pattern factor (Tb.Pf) was significantly higher in the OVX group than in the other two groups. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur and the mandible was significantly lower in the OVX group than in the SHAM and D3 groups. Conclusions Our results show that ovariectomy causes a significantly weaker bone microstructure in the mandibular condyle, where the protective effect of vitamin D3 resulted in a partial resorption.

scholarly journals ­­­­­Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Trabecular Bone Microstructure of Human Mandible Using Cone-Beam CT and Micro CT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norliza Ibrahim ◽  
Azin Parsa ◽  
Bassam Hassan ◽  
Paul der Stelt ◽  
Siti Mazlipah Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Trabecular Bone Microstructure ◽  
Trabecular Number

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to compare the trabecular bone microstructures of anterior and posterior edentulous regions of human mandible using cone-beam CT (CBCT) and micro CT (µCT).Materials and methods Twenty volumes of interests consisting of six anterior and fourteen posterior edentulous regions were obtained from human mandibular cadavers. A CBCT system with a resolution of 80 µm (3D Accuitomo 170, J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and a µCT system with a resolution of 35 µm (SkyScan 1173, Kontich, Belgium) were used to scan the mandibles. Three structural parameters namely, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were analysed using CTAn software (v 1.11, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). For each system, the measurements obtained from anterior and posterior regions were tested using independent sample t-test. Subsequently, all measurements between systems were tested using paired t-test.Results In CBCT, all parameters of the anterior and posterior mandible showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, µCT showed a significant different of Tb.Th (p = 0.023) between anterior and posterior region. Regardless of regions, the measurements obtained using both imaging systems were significantly different (p ≤ 0.021) for Tb.Th and Tb.N.Conclusions The current study demonstrated that only the variation of Tb.Th between anterior and posterior edentulous region of mandible can be detected using micro CT. In addition, CBCT is less feasible than micro CT in assessing trabecular bone microstructures at both regions.

scholarly journals Parathyroid hormone (1-34) ameliorates cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone deterioration in collagenase-induced osteoarthritis model in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
Li-tao Shao ◽  
Yu Gou ◽  
Jia-kang Fang ◽  
Yun-peng Hu ◽  
Qiang-qiang Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stat3 Signalling

Aims Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) exhibits potential in preventing degeneration in both cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA) development. We assessed the effects of PTH (1-34) at different concentrations on bone and cartilage metabolism in a collagenase-induced mouse model of OA and examined whether PTH (1-34) affects the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in this process. Methods Collagenase-induced OA was established in C57Bl/6 mice. Therapy with PTH (1-34) (10 μg/kg/day or 40 μg/kg/day) was initiated immediately after surgery and continued for six weeks. Cartilage pathology was evaluated by gross visual, histology, and immunohistochemical assessments. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was used to evaluate the bone mass and the microarchitecture in subchondral bone. Results Enhanced matrix catabolism, increased apoptosis of chondrocytes in cartilage, and overexpressed JAK2/STAT3 and p-JAK2/p-STAT3 were observed in cartilage in this model. All of these changes were prevented by PTH (1-34) treatment, with no significant difference between the low-dose and high-dose groups. Micro-CT analysis indicated that bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/trabecular volume (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) levels were significantly lower in the OA group than those in the Sham, PTH 10 μg, and PTH 40 μg groups, but these parameters were significantly higher in the PTH 40 μg group than in the PTH 10 μg group. Conclusion Intermittent administration of PTH (1-34) exhibits protective effects on both cartilage and subchondral bone in a dose-dependent manner on the latter in a collagenase-induced OA mouse model, which may be involved in regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):675–688.

scholarly journals Generation of Vertebra Micro-CT-like Image from MDCT: A Deep-Learning-Based Image Enhancement Approach

Tomography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-782
Author(s):  
Dan Jin ◽  
Han Zheng ◽  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Mengze Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper proposes a deep-learning-based image enhancement approach that can generate high-resolution micro-CT-like images from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). A total of 12,500 MDCT and micro-CT image pairs were obtained from 25 vertebral specimens. Then, a pix2pixHD model was trained and evaluated using the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and Fréchet inception distance (FID). We performed subjective assessments of the micro-CT-like images based on five aspects. Micro-CT and micro-CT-like image-derived trabecular bone microstructures were compared, and the underlying correlations were analyzed. The results showed that the pix2pixHD method (SSIM, 0.804 ± 0.037 and FID, 43.598 ± 9.108) outperformed the two control methods (pix2pix and CRN) in enhancing MDCT images (p < 0.05). According to the subjective assessment, the pix2pixHD-derived micro-CT-like images showed no significant difference from the micro-CT images in terms of contrast and shadow (p > 0.05) but demonstrated slightly lower noise, sharpness and trabecular bone texture (p < 0.05). Compared with the trabecular microstructure parameters of micro-CT images, those of pix2pixHD-derived micro-CT-like images showed no significant differences in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (p > 0.05) and significant correlations in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) (Tb.Th, R = 0.90, p < 0.05; Tb.Sp, R = 0.88, p < 0.05). The proposed method can enhance the resolution of MDCT and obtain micro-CT-like images, which may provide new diagnostic criteria and a predictive basis for osteoporosis and related fractures.

Non-Invasive Analysis of the Micro-Structural and Biomechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone in Human Femoral Head

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1070-1073
Author(s):  
Ye Yeon Won ◽  
Myong Hyun Baek ◽  
Wen Quan Cui ◽  
Kwang Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

This study investigates micro-structural and mechanical properties of trabecular bone in human femoral head with and without osteoporosis using a micro-CT and a finite element model. 15 cored trabecular bone specimens with 20 of diameter were obtained from femoral heads with osteoporosis resected for total hip arthroplasty, and 5 specimens were removed from femoral head of cadavers, which has no history of musculoskeletal diseases. A high-resolution micro-CT system was used to scan each specimen to obtain histomorphometry indexes. Based on the micro-images, a FE-model was created to determine mechanical property indexes. While the non-osteoporosis group had increases the trabecular thickness, the bone volume, the bone volume fraction, the degree of anisotropy and the trabecular number compared with those of osteoporotic group, the non-osteoporotic group showed decreases in trabecular separation and structure model index. Regarding the mechanical property indexes, the reaction force and the Young's modulus were lower in the osteoporotic group than in non-osteoporotic group. Our data shows salient deteriorations in trabecular micro-structural and mechanical properties in human femoral head with osteoporosis.

scholarly journals The comparative Micro-CT analysis on trabecular bone density between hydroxyapatite gypsum puger scaffold application and bovine hydroxyapatite scaffold application

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Amiyatun Naini
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Trabecular Bone Density ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ct Analysis ◽  
Bovine Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Test Result

Background: Generally, after tooth extraction, trauma is caused by bone damage, which leads to a decreased bone density. Bone damage repair should be conducted using a bone graft containing hydroxyapatite (HA). HA can be synthesised from gypsum puger powder, which is abundant and easy to obtain. Hydroxyapatite gypsum puger (HAGP) was successful with 100% hydroxyapatite purity level. Purpose: To compare the ratio of trabecular bone density in Wistar rats between HAGP scaffold application and bovine hydroxyapatite (BHA) scaffold application. Methods: This study is a laboratory experiment using 6 treatment groups, namely K (-) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 7, K (-) PEG 28, HAGP + PEG 7, HAGP + PEG 28, BHA + PEG 7, and BHA + PEG 28. HAGP scaffold freeze-drying. The rats were anaesthetised intramuscularly, and their left mandibular incisor was removed. The scaffold was applied to the mouse socket, followed by tissue decapitation after 7 and 28 days. The examination was carried out with micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Next, statistical analysis using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted (p <0.05). Results: The ANOVA test result showed a difference in bone density between the treatment and control groups on days 7 and 28. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) test result revealed that there was no significant difference between K (-) PEG 28 and HAGP + PEG 7 (p=0.133). Nevertheless, there were significant differences between the other groups. Conclusion: Based on the Micro-CT analysis, the trabecular bone density in Wistar rats following HAGP scaffold application is higher than that of BHA scaffold application.

scholarly journals Overload of the Temporomandibular Joints Accumulates γδ T Cells in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Morphological and Histological Evaluation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Nagai ◽  
Takenobu Ishii ◽  
Tatsukuni Ohno ◽  
Yasushi Nishii
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Histological Staining

Recently, it has been reported that γδ T cells are associated with the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there are many uncertainties about their relationship. In this study, we investigated the morphological and histological properties of peripheral as well as temporomandibular joints (TMJ) in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis with and without exposure to mechanical strain on the TMJ. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced by administering collagen type II antibody and lipopolysaccharide to male DBA/1JNCrlj mice at 9−12 weeks of age, and mechanical stress (MS) was applied to the mandibular condyle. After 14 days, 3D morphological evaluation by micro-CT, histological staining (Hematoxylin Eosin, Safranin O, and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase staining), and immunohistochemical staining (ADAMTS-5 antibody, CD3 antibody, CD45 antibody, RORγt antibody, γδ T cell receptor antibody) were performed. The lower jawbone was collected. The mandibular condyle showed a rough change in the surface of the mandibular condyle based on three-dimensional analysis by micro-CT imaging. Histological examination revealed bone and cartilage destruction, such as a decrease in chondrocyte layer width and an increase in the number of osteoclasts in the mandibular condyle. Then, immune-histological staining revealed accumulation of T and γδ T cells in the subchondral bone. The temporomandibular joint is less sensitive to the onset of RA, but it has been suggested that it is exacerbated by mechanical stimulation. Additionally, the involvement of γδ T cells was suggested as the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.

Trabecular bone ratio of the mandibular condyle according to the presence of teeth: a micro-CT study

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. Choi ◽  
K. H. Sun ◽  
S. Y. Won ◽  
J. G. Lee ◽  
K. S. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Micro Ct

scholarly journals FRACTAL ANALYSIS OF TRABECULAR BONE PATTERN IN THE MANDIBLE AS AN INDICATOR OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN WOMEN - A CLINICAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi K ◽  
Krithika C L ◽  
Raghuram P H ◽  
Kannan A
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pixel Size ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trabecular Bone Microstructure

 Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate and compare the measurement of trabecular bone pattern in the mandible of normal and osteoporotic volunteers.Methods: A 43 female volunteers were selected as osteoporotic (n=43) group and 30 as normal (n=30) group with age ranging from 25 to 60 years were enrolled based on bone mineral densitometer (BMD) in the calcaneus bone. A detailed case history followed by digital periapical radiograph was performed. The mandibular trabecular bone pattern in these volunteers was determined using Image J software, after standardizing the pixel size and locations of the region of interest for three different regions between the two groups. Statistical analysis using independent t-test and Pearson coefficient was performed.Results: Results showed a significant difference in mean BMD values between the groups (0.52 in normal and −3.22 in osteoporotic). There are no significant differences in mean fractal dimension values between the groups (0.83 in normal and 0.82 in osteoporotic). Pearson correlation coefficient shows no significant correlation between the groups at three sites (p˃0.001).Conclusion: Although trabecular bone microstructure on an intraoral radiograph plays a key role in defining osteoporosis, the present study did not show any significant difference in its architecture between normal and osteoporotic individuals as defined by BMD. Therefore, further studies should be performed using better-standardized resolution strategies and different estimation methods to gain more insight.

scholarly journals Using Transgenic Mice to Explore the Effect of il-17rc Gene Knockout on Bone Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yu ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Guoliang Zhang ◽  
Song Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract ObjectiveTo investigate whether interleukin-17 receptor C (il-17rc) gene knockout leads to systemic osteoporosis in transgenic mice. MethodsThe immunohistochemistry and micro computed tomography (micro-CT) were used to analyze the condition of vertebral cancellous bone in 3-month healthy female wild-type C57BL/6 mice (control group) and il-17rc gene knockout C57BL/6 mice (experimental group). ResultsWild type C57BL/6 mice had higher bone density per unit volume (0.52 ± 0.12 vs. 0.47 ± 0.05, P = 0.028) (g/cm3), more trabecular connections (8.97 ± 1.46 vs. 5.59 ± 3.15, P = 0.017) (1/mm), thicker trabecular thickness (0.16 ± 0.08 vs. 0.10 ± 0.04, P = 0.029) (1/mm) and the number of trabeculae was more (5.01 ± 0.33 vs. 3.16 ± 0.37, P = 0.038) (1/mm) than mut-il-17rc mice. In addition, the results of micro-CT also showed that the osteoporosis of il-17rc gene knockout C57BL/6 mice was mainly manifested in T13 (P = 0.039), L1 (P = 0.035), L3 (P = 0.018), L5 (P = 0.021) and L6 (P = 0.036), but the mean bone mineral density between L2 (P = 0.317) and L4 (P = 0.242) was no significant difference between the two groups. ConclusionIL-17/il-17rs signal axis is widely distributed in the animal skeletal system and is one of the important signal pathways regulating bone metabolism. Knockout of il-17rc gene can lead to the occurrence of osteoporosis in model animals.

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